1 tiziano galassi (phytosanitary service) direzione generale agricoltura ipm in emilia-romagna...
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Tiziano Galassi(Phytosanitary Service)
DirezioneDirezione Generale AgricolturaGenerale Agricoltura
IPM in Emilia-RomagnaIPM in Emilia-Romagna
Bruxelles 2008
National system for integrated production quality: D.M. no. 2722 of 17 April 2008 (i.e. public system)
Voluntary certification of integrated production: UNI regulation no. 11233 of 3 May 2007 (i.e. private system)
National Committee for IPM (since 1997): verifies coherence of regional regulations with IPM principles and criteria
“National Guidelines for IPM” defined by the National Committee for IPM for 117 crops
IPM and the national contextIPM and the national contextIPM and the national contextIPM and the national context
National IPM “Principles and criteria” (EU Decision – Star Comitte No. C(96) 3864)
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Evaluation of the need for intervention and choice of best time
Rationalisation of protection methods
Development of correct pest management based on two
decisions
Promotion of phytosanitary protection with reduced impact on man and the environment while allowing
for economically acceptable production
““EC Decision” - No. C(96) 3864 dated 30/12/96EC Decision” - No. C(96) 3864 dated 30/12/96
Principles and Criteria in IPMPrinciples and Criteria in IPMPrinciples and Criteria in IPMPrinciples and Criteria in IPM
selectivity as regards beneficial organisms
carry-over effect and residues in produce
environmental aspects (negative effects on non-targeted organisms, water, land and persistence in the environment)
toxicological aspects (toxicological class risk phrases)
The limitation or ban of the use of certain phytosanitary products is dictated by:
risk of selecting resistant populations
Principles and Criteria in IPMPrinciples and Criteria in IPMPrinciples and Criteria in IPMPrinciples and Criteria in IPM
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R 40 Limited evidence of carcinogenic effectR 60 May impair fertilityR 61 May cause harm to unborn childR 62 Possible risk of impaired fertilityR 63 Possible risk of harm to the unborn child R 68 Possible risk of irreversible effectsR 48 Danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure
RISK PHRASES THAT LIMIT THE USE IN IPM
Principles and Criteria in IPMPrinciples and Criteria in IPMPrinciples and Criteria in IPMPrinciples and Criteria in IPM
“National Guidelines for IPM”
IPM and the national contextIPM and the national contextIPM and the national contextIPM and the national context
www.politicheagricole.it/SviluppoRurale
Frame: “Linee Guida Nazionali Produzione Integrata”
2008-2009 – 15/09/2008
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Emilia - Romagna RegionEmilia - Romagna RegionEmilia - Romagna RegionEmilia - Romagna Region
USE OF PESTICIDE IN EMILIA-ROMAGNA REGION
150.000 € Million
about 23 % of Italian pesticide market
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
Cereal
Forage
I ndustrial
Fruit
Grape
Vegetables
402.895 451.175
UAA : 1,101,524 haUAA : 1,101,524 ha
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heavy investment in research
specialist training of advisors
reorganisation of technical support
continuous devising of low environmental impact techniques
limited no. of farms and land involved:12,000 ha
IPM - backgroundIPM - backgroundIPM - backgroundIPM - background
From mid-1970s to early-1990s
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reduction in advisor training schemes
direct financial support to farmers practicing IPM (agro-environmental measures and MCO - UE)
development of decision-support systems for advisors optimisation of support systems for advisors and farmers
IPM - backgroundIPM - backgroundIPM - backgroundIPM - background
From early-1990s onwards
MAIN CONCERNMAIN CONCERNOBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES
Social aspectProducer
AssociationMarketing Farms
Reduce environmental impact
Safeguard producers’ health
Safeguard consumers’ health
Controlled production quality
**
** *
**
*
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IPM in Emilia-Romagna RegionIPM in Emilia-Romagna RegionIPM in Emilia-Romagna RegionIPM in Emilia-Romagna Region
Now:
Reg. CE n. 1698/2005 - Misura 214
Reg. CE n. 1580/2007 e 1234/2007
Regional Low - LL.RR. n. 28/99 e 28/99
First Period:
Regional Project
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Total estimated influence on 60-65% of horticultural land
fruit 29,122 hafruit 29,122 ha - - (44% of total)(44% of total)
vegetables 23,097 havegetables 23,097 ha – – (47% of total)(47% of total)
With contract: With contract: almost almost 150,000150,000 ha haabout about 15–20%15–20% of total UAA of total UAA
Estimated IPM areaEstimated IPM areaEstimated IPM areaEstimated IPM area
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IPMsystem
Research andexperimentation
Relations with industry
Coordination of technical supportSupport
systems for advisors
Technical support to farmers
Regulations for integrated
production
Relations withthe market
Components of IPM system Components of IPM system Components of IPM system Components of IPM system
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- Transfer of results: field visits internal meetings (at least 15 per year) public meetings (4-5 every year)
- Rapid implementation of innovations in the regional regulations for IPM with
immediate practical application
€ 1,150,000 for research in 2002 Now € 500,000 – 600,000
130 - 150 research programmes
IPM – Research IPM – Research IPM – Research IPM – Research
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Disease Criteria for disease control A.S Limitation of use
Phytophthorainfestans
Agronomic interventions:
- use of seedling tubers which are definitely healthy
- choice of varieties which are not very susceptible-elimination of plants born from seedling tubers that were left in the ground from previous years- wide rotations
- balanced manuring
- adequate sowing distance to avoid excessive density of plants and of the development of the aerial parts
Chemical interventions:
- first treatment when the environmental and cultivation conditions are favourable for infection (rain, fog, high relative humidity and temperature between 10 and 25°C)
- for the following applications you can either repeat them after 6-10 days depending on the persistence of the products used, or follow the evolution of the disease on the basis of climatic parameters
Copper productsDodinaFosetil Al+ Cu oxyclorideFluazinamCimoxanil (1)Metalaxil-M (2)Benalaxil (2)(Benalaxyl M(2)+Mancozeb)(7)Dimetomorf (3) Iprovalicarb (5)Zoxamide-Mancozeb (6)(7)Mancozeb (7)
(1) Maximum three times per year
(2) Maximum three times per year with phenylamides only in Xi formulations
(3) Maximum three times per year
(5) Maximum three times per year
(6) Maximum three times per year
(7) Maximum three times per year. Suspend interventions 21 days before harvest.
Alternaria solani
Agronomic interventions:
- wide rotations
- use of healthy seedling tubers
Chemical interventions:
- specific interventions against this pathogen are only necessary in the case of infection of young plants as the anti-peronospora products usually used are also effective against early blight
Copper products
E.g.: Regulation on integrated protection of “Potato” against cryptogams
IPM Regional RegulationsIPM Regional Regulations IPM Regional RegulationsIPM Regional Regulations
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Reference documents for regional agro-environmental policies
Based on the results of research
Reference documents for stakeholder debates
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10
20
30
40
Fruit
Vegetables
Arable crops
Seed crops
No. of crops with regional
regulations: 71
IPM Regional RegulationsIPM Regional Regulations IPM Regional RegulationsIPM Regional Regulations
• Land suitability • Rootstock choice• Choice of variety• Fertilisation• Irrigation• Soil tillage• Phyto-regulators• Pruning• Harvest conditions• Post-harvest management • Traceability information
IPM is integrated with other aspects
IPM and integrated productionIPM and integrated productionIPM and integrated productionIPM and integrated production
Setting the relationships respect for reciprocal roles max transparency of choices constant dialogue
Visits to field experiments and frequent meetings on emerging problems
Exchange of opinions when defining IPM regulations
An open day for the public and specific meetings with each agrochemical company
IPM and agrochemical industry IPM and agrochemical industry IPM and agrochemical industry IPM and agrochemical industry
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Regional level
Regional coordination of technical support and “emergency” management (at least 30 meetings per year)Provincial level (9 provinces)
Provincial coordination for the definition of communication programmes (at least 320 meetings per year) with 230 weekly provincial bulletins issued by:
leaflets SMS internet bulletins articles in local newspapers
IPM - Coordination groupIPM - Coordination groupIPM - Coordination groupIPM - Coordination group
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WEATHER
Service provided by the regional Agency for
environmental protection (Arpa): hourly
temperatures (definition of km 5x5),
forecast of temperatures for the next 3
days, precipitation forecast
IPM - Support platformsIPM - Support platformsIPM - Support platformsIPM - Support platforms
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More than 26,400 controlson 396 fields
Monitoring in 2006
IPM – Pests monitoring networkIPM – Pests monitoring networkIPM – Pests monitoring networkIPM – Pests monitoring network
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Cercospora della bietola Ruggine bruna del frumento Oidio del frumento Peronospora della cipolla Peronospora della patata Peronospora del pomodoro Ticchiolatura del melo Maculatura bruna del pero Colpo di fuoco batterico Peronospora della vite
Tignoletta della vite
Carpocapsa
Tignola orientale del
pesco
Eulia
Pandemis cerasana
Tignola del susino
Anarsia del pesco
Dorifora della patata
Psilla del pero
Afidi colture orticole
Liriomyza huidobrensis
Oidio della vite
Botrite della fragola
Bolla del pesco
Oidio del frumento
Septoria del frumento
Fusariosi del frumento
In use: 10
In use: 8
Being developed: 6
Being developed: 4
IPM - Forecast modelsIPM - Forecast modelsIPM - Forecast modelsIPM - Forecast models
Diseases
Insects
IPM - StaffIPM - StaffIPM - StaffIPM - Staff
Advisors (*) 395Coordinators (*)
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Support activities (public)
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(*) Private with money from
Region
Provincial coordination meetings:about 320 meetings per year
Integrated production bulletins:about 230 per year
Farms
leaflets internet, telephone local newspaper etc.
Regional coordination meetings:about 30 meetings per year
Farm monitoring, monitoring network and outputs of forecast models
Diffusion via
internet
Advisors’ visits
IPM – Communication planIPM – Communication planIPM – Communication planIPM – Communication plan
No price recognition for the ”integrated products”
The “integrated products” have allowed the market share to be maintained The “integrated products” have been niche products for quite a long time
Integrated production is now a pre-requisite for the large-scale retail trade
IPM - MarketIPM - MarketIPM - MarketIPM - Market
Serious problems caused by the German market
- are not based on shared assumptions- consider all pesticides as being equal, without differentiating their risk level for the farmers - accept the presence of residues only from a few pesticides, while for the others only accept zero residues despite it now being possible to measure very low levels of residues (i.e. ppb)
It does not recognise any added value to IPM production and that whenever possible less hazardous pesticides are used It has introduced limits on the pesticide residues which:
IPM - MarketIPM - MarketIPM - MarketIPM - Market
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PesticidesPesticides
According to the crop, 20-35% reduction in the amount used
Improved impact on humans and the environment:
- between 70 and 90% reduction in pesticides with high acute toxicity
- between 40 and 95% reduction in pesticides with high chronic toxicity
strict respect for residue limits
IPM – Some resultsIPM – Some resultsIPM – Some resultsIPM – Some results
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
Totale B Nc+Xi Xn T
Impact evaluation of IPM programme(toxicity class of insecticides) 2003
Differences as % between IPM farms and traditional ones
Pear
Peach
Grape
4444
- training for PPP users (art.5 and 6)- mandatory education, training and certification for PPP users (art.5 and 6)- inspections of application equipment (art. 8)- basic level IPM (art. 13)- advances level IPM (art. 13)
Great interest in and agreement with the points that will be introduced by the new directive on sustainable pesticide use and
the regulation that will substitute 91/414/EEC:
IPM - ConclusionsIPM - ConclusionsIPM - ConclusionsIPM - Conclusions
4545
It is very important the application of the precautionary principle, as it has been in E-R in the last decades.
Advances level IPM (art. 13)
The application of the precautionary principle implies that, wherever is possible, lower human and environmental risk pesticide alternatives should be used when dealing with a plant protection problem.
Advanced level IPM programmes could be the context where the use of “candidates for substitution” is
limited
IPM - ConclusionsIPM - ConclusionsIPM - ConclusionsIPM - Conclusions
4646
IPM is synonymous with guaranteed quality, technical innovation and professionality.
- Research and experimentation
- Technical support systems
Because of this, as well as the political will expressed through a directive, financial support is
also necessary for:
- Independent and qualified advisors
IPM - ConclusionsIPM - ConclusionsIPM - ConclusionsIPM - Conclusions
……… for your attentionThanks