1 today file paths and file extensions files and folders defining absolute and relative addresses...

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Today

File Paths and File Extensions

Files and FoldersDefining Absolute and Relative AddressesMost Known File Extensions

Your First Web Page

Elements of a Web PageCreating an HTML Template

Common Coding ErrorsEditing an HTML documentEmpty TagsBody Tag AttributesA Few Considerations

Review QuestionsExercise

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Objectives

• Understand an “absolute path” and it’s usage

• Use an HTML template to create a new web page

• Integrate into HTML documents meaningful titles and comments

• Use a browser to view Web pages saved on a local drive

• Employ heading and paragraph elements within a well-written HTML document

• Appropriately use line and paragraph breaks within a Web Page

• Use colors in a Web page

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... The crucial term is : CLASSSIFICATION ...CLASSSIFICATION ...Think about your File Organization by Windows Explorer

My Computer

c:/ HDD_1...... Level 1...... ...... Level 2...... Level 1

d:/ HDD_2...... Level 1...... ...... Level 2...... ...... ...... Level 3...... Level 1

e:/ CdRom

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c:/ HDD_1 c:/...... Level 1 ...... Level 2 c:/Level1/Level2...... Level 1

d:/ HDD_2...... Level 1 d:/Level1 ...... Level 2 ...... Level 3 d:/Level1/Level2/Level3...... Level 1

e:/ CdRom

FILE is be a related description, so IT MUST HAVE AN EXTENSION means name.ext

FOLDER is a containing description, so IT CONTAINS something else

Tree View Path

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http://www.bilkent.edu.tr/bim/staff/arzuikinci/index.htm

bim...... staff ...... arzuikinci ... index.htm

Terms we generally use;

. Root Folder : top level folder, use “/” (forward slash)

. Current Folder : folder you are working in

. Pathname : from top level through lower level folder names,

Don’t USE above for Folder and File names;. space (blank character). \ / : * ? “ < > |. turkish characters. capital letters

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ADDRESSING STRUCTURE is same as DIRECTORY LISTING you use in Dos.

Our aim : TO REACH a definite FILEOur method : 1. find the FILE’s destination

2. define your addressing method (absolute/relative) 3. set the pathname

... ABSOLUTE ADDRESS ...is the full pathname of your file.begins with the top level directory listing through the lowest level.

. find the File’s destination

. and then, type this destination from the highest level.

... RELATIVE ADDRESS ...is the directory naming according to your working folder. . set your working folder in mind,

. and target yourself to the file you want to reach,

. the path you follow is the relative address of your file.use “../” to go up one folderuse “/” to go forward

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... ABSOLUTE ADDRESS ... RELATIVE ADDRESS ...

assume that;current folder : htmlcurrent file : index.htm

target file : family.jpg

Absolute Address : homedirectory/public_html/jpegs/family.jpg

Relative Address : ../jpegs/family.jpg

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... ABSOLUTE ADDRESS ...always you will write the full pathname (http://www....), so it is not efficient.you have to change all pathnames when you update somewhere in your site.leads to typing errors

Think that someone saves your web site in his machine. Since the html source has the full pathname, it will go to your web site and get the files.

... RELATIVE ADDRESS ... important to set the path name from your current file’s folder to the target file’s folder.

Examples from Front Page.1. open a blank page.2. do not save the page.3 .import an image to this page from a folder, and view the HTML Code part.

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instructor’s home directory

classes stamp public_html email_notes

index.htm

mail1 mail2web_design

assignments grades

hw1 hw2 quiz1.htm

fidelio

edp_mis

jpegshtml

family.jpg

index.htm

1.htm

Exercise for 5 min

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extension defines the type of file.

... Why do we need? ...

. set the program we will open, edit, execute the file.

... What about Internet Files? ...

. HTML files .htm .html

. Programming files .asp .jsp .php

... Most Known File Extensions ....htm .html .asp .jsp .php.doc .xls .txt .ppt.jpg .gif .pdf.zip

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HTML

HyperText Markup Language : open source coding + scripting.

HTML is the way of interpreting most kind of files through a web browser.

.doc is a Word Document file; where it means you will create, edit, with the same tool : Ms Word.

However, .html or .htm is non-platform based.Different platforms having common attributes defined by W3C.

Not a word Processing tool and a desktop publishing solution.More complex and more general.

Also contains programming codes, that all platforms understand.

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HTML

... Elements of a Web Page ...• Empty elements (used for page formatting, no closing tags)

<HR width = “50%”>

• Contatiners (used to manipulate, or control the contents placing within them)

<HTML> ........ </HTML>

TAGS : the way you differentiate the text from coding.

<p>Can, this doesn't look so hard. Now I <strong>really</strong> want to

learn HTML.</p>

The <p></p> and <strong></strong> are called as HTML tags

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HTML

... Do I Need to Learn? ...

. If you want to understand background of the Web,

. If you want to have control of unsatisfactory results of an authoring

tool,

. If you want to examine other’s HTML sources

-especially to copy its code to your web page-,

. If you want to make server side programming.

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HTML

... How do We use TAGS ...

think TAG as a command which means . you want to implement something to a phrase, . you have only the TEXT tools,. so, you need to differentiate the phrase from the command.

how can we differentiate the TAG from the phrase?. using “<“ and “>” for tags. using “<>” and “</>” for opening and closing a tag

tags can be nested which means<tag1>

<tag2> .... </tag2></tag1>

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HTML

... Basic Web Page Structure (.htm or .html) ...

<html> <head> </head>

<body>

</body>

</html>

<html> <head> <title>Document</title> </head><body>

Hello World .......

</body></html>

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HTML

HTML template of commonly used codes

between <head> </head>doen’t seen from the browseronly the descriptive information place of page

between <body> </body> the code executed and viewed by the browser

<html><head>

<title>....</title></head>

<body>...

...

...

...

...

</body></html>

Type them in to a file and save as html_tmp.htm

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HTML

<HEAD>header data</HEAD>Description:provides descriptive information about a document as part of the headerType:container

Identifies the other tags that make up the header

<HTML>html document</HTML>Description:first and last line in every HTML documentType:container

Document TypeBeginning andEnding of a Web page

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HTML

<BODY>header data</BODY>Description:Identifies the content of the Web pageType:containerAttributes: alink, background, bgcolor, class, dir, id, lang, link, onclick, on dblclick,onkeydown, onkeypress, onkeyup, on mousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup, onunload, style, text, title, vlink

<TITLE>descriptive title</TITLE>Description:provides descriptive information about the document for display at the top of the screen, not in the body of the documentType:container

It’s important: - Visitors may use in a bookmark, Favorite, or Hot List- Searching with “Title”- idea of the contents as soon as they arrive

Good and Bad Examples:<title>Basic HTML commands</title><title>stuff</title><title>Pictures of Green Sea Turtles</title><title>Really Cool Pictures of Turtles I have taken While On Vacation</title><title>My Home Page</title><title>TNT’s Ten Terrific Test</title>

İts appearence in a browser. Plain Text!

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HTML

... Important notes for Coding ...

. White Space Does not Matter!

<p>This is Code: the first paragraph

</p>

Returns: This is the first paragraph

. Next Line; “Enter” does not work!

. Break <br> Code

I don’t want new paragraph<br>I want to continue from the next line

Returns I don’t want new paragraphI want to continue from the next line

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HTML

... Important notes for Coding ...

. Interpretation of Spaces, Tabs, and New Lines

HTML document ignores extra spaces, tabs, and blank lines, and treats as a single space.

makes a space

<BR> makes a new line

<BLOCKQUOTE> makes a paragraph indent

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HTML

... Style Tags (physical and logical)...

A style is a set of formatting rules;alignment, size,color,font.....

<h1 style = “color:blue;font-style:italic”>Fancy Heading 1</h1>

<html><head><title>Heading Tag (H1-H6) Demonstration</title></head>

<body>

<h1>heading 1</h1><h2>heading 2</h2><h3>heading 3</h3><h4>heading 4</h4><h5>heading 5</h5><h6>heading 6</h6>

</body>

</html>

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HTML

... Common Coding Errors ...

• A missing <title> tag results in the title not appearing in the title bar.

• Missing beginning <title> tag results in having title in wrong place

• Missing </h1> ending tag, rest of the text will be in heading 1 format.

• forgetting the ending tag

• Reversing the order of ending tag

• Placing the slash in the ending tag in the wrong place

• Forgetting to place attribute values within quotes

• Forgetting one of the quotes around an attribute value

• Forgetting to include an octothorp (#) in front of an RGB hexadecimal number

• Using less than or more than six digits in an RGB hexadecimal number.

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HTML

... More Web Page Elements ...



 What?<body link = “#FF00FF” vlink = “#00FF00”>

 Why?<body link = “#FF00FF” vlink = “#00FF00”>

 Why?<body link = “#FF00FF” vlink = “#00FF00”>

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HTML

... More Web Page Elements ...

<h1>heading<h1>, <h2>heading</h2>,....,<h6>heading</h6>Description:Identifies one of six levels of headingType:containerAttributes:align, class, dir, id, lang, onclick, on dblclick, onkeydown, onkeypress, onkeyup, on mousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup, style, title.

<p>paragraph</p>Description:Identifies a continuous string of text within the pageType:containerAttributes:align, class, dir, id, lang, onclick, on dblclick, onkeydown, onkeypress, onkeyup, on mousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup, style, title.

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HTML

... Editing an HTML Document ...

Use ASCII editor to create and save your document: File / Save (As) *.htm or *. html

To Preview your document: Browser File / Open *.htm or *. html

To display saved changes in your document: Browser Refresh or Reload

Just a note on safety: save backup(s) of your document: File / Save (As) *.001 , *. 002 ,.....

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HTML

... Body Tag Attributes ...

<body>...</body>

background color: <body bgcolor=“#ffff00”><body bgcolor=“#yellow”>

background image: <body background=“picture.jpg”>

text color: <body text=“#ff0000”>

link colors: <body link=“#ff0000” vlink=“#ff0000” alink = “#ff00ff”>

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HTML

... Key Terms ...

AttributesCommentsContainer ElementEmpty ElementHorizontal RuleLine BreakParagraphStyle

... New Tags ...

<html> </html><br /><blockquote /><hr />< ><p> </p><head> </head><title> </title><body> </body><h1> </h1><h2> </h2><h3> </h3><h4> </h4><h5> </h5><h6> </h6>

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HTML

... Review Questions ...

1. Define each of the key terms.

2. How are each of the tags introduced in this lecture used? (provide

examples)

3. Which HTML tags should be included in a minimal HTML template?

4. What tag must be included in every <head> cotainer element.

5. Give three resons why the <title> element should be used.

6. Name 5 common HTML coding errors.

7. How do you update a browser’s screen after changing the content or

tags in the related HTML document?

8. How are comments used within an HTML document?

9. When using a graphical browser, how do you save background

images like?

1 today file paths and file extensions files and folders defining absolute and relative addresses...

Documents

file paths

cdrom file

file names

target file

file organization

definite file

file extensions files

html current file