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Traffic Restraint in Jakarta: stagnant after 14 years

D. A. Rini (Jakarta Transport Dept) & Heru Sutomo (PUSTRAL UGM)

BAQ Pre-event: Road pricing Seminar, 12 December 2006, Mercure, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

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• Rapid motorization during economic recovery from crisis

• Vehicle population 4,9 million, private vehicles (motorcycles+cars) dominating: 98%

• Mobility share: 44% public, 56% private of 17 million trips/day

• Declining patronage of public transport mainly buses.

• Vehicle growth at 11% per annum, infrastructure only 1%

• Congestion cost est. Rp. 12,8 Trillion (US$1.4 billion)/year

Background

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Prediction1520253035404550

199

41

996

199

82

000

200

22

004

200

6

200

82

010

201

2

201

4

Year

Are

a (m

io m

2)

Road

Vehicle

Sumber: Dishub, 2005

Road length vs vehicle growth

40.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

Pasar Minggu to Manggarai TB Simatupang to Monas Ciledug to J l. Bumi(Mayestik)

Kalideres to Gajah Mada

1985

2000

Travel time increases up to 60% in 15 years in CBD

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3 IN 1 Corridors3 IN 1 Corridors

SimpangKuningan – Gatot S

CSW

FO Taman RiaSenayan

Simpang BEOSSt. KA Kota

•Introduced in 1992

•Two busiest arterial corridors

•Manual police enforcement

•Morning: 06:30 – 10:00

•Afternoon: 16:00 – 19:00 [Starting 2004 after busway opened]•Taxis & buses excepted

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Traffic Performance: reduce flow Volume Lalu Lintas di Jl.Sudirman

(Jalur Cepat)

0

10002000

3000

4000

50006000

70000

7:00

-08

:00

08:

00-0

9:0

0

09:

00-1

0:0

0

10:

00-1

1:0

0

11:

00-1

2:0

0

12:

00-1

3:0

0

13:

00-1

4:0

0

14:

00-1

5:0

0

15:

00-1

6:0

0

16:

00-1

7:0

0

17:

00-1

8:0

0

18:

00-1

9:0

0

Waktu

Aru

s (s

mp

/jam

)

Before 3 in 1

After 3 in 1

3 in 1 3 in 1

Sumber: Dishub, 2005

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1. Inconsistent (manual) enforcement

2. Co-ordination amongst field enforcers

3. Weak legal support

4. Inadequate number of enforcer

5. “Jockey”: 3rd passenger ride for money

Problems :Problems :

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“Jockey”: 3rd passenger:[taken in to pass entry gate]

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PlansPlans

• Applying stronger TDM: upgrading 3 in 1 to ERP

• Selecting suitable technology

• willingness to pay and ability to pay & public acceptance

• Complement the BRT plans

• Develop in line with land use planning and control

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RED Zone:Traffic restraint: 75%, MODAL SPLIT 85:15

YELLOW Zone :Traffic restraint 50%, MODAL SPLIT 70:30

BLUE Zone :Traffic restraint 25%, MODAL SPLIT 60:40

GREEN Zone :

Traffic restraint 10%, MODAL SPLIT 50:50

Local act: 6/99 Land use Plan

Traffic restraint & Modal split target

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IV. Potensi kelemahanConstraints

• Regulatory back up for road pricing: Not available (except toll)

• Ear-marking mechanism to use revenue for improving public transport is not permissible under current act

• High cost of investment for trouble free/ robust system

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Points to consider in applying ERP

1. Legal basis:

- RP justification;

- Charging mechanism

- Enforcement

- Basis for fines on violation

2. Comprehensive Planning

3. Technological assessment

4. Institutional setting : implementing agency,

enforcement, flow of money,

5. Business Plan

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Private Participation

• Presidential Decree 67/2005 on ppp.

• Private may participate in provision of (transport) infrastructure

• Mutual cooperation may be developed

• Private investors/operator with government control

• Some private sectors’ interest