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TrIn 3001: Introduction to Translation

Semana 2B Semana 2B (31/V/06)(31/V/06)

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Class Agenda Turn in translation exercise #1 (3 paragraphs)Turn in translation exercise #1 (3 paragraphs) Part 1: Part 1:

Types of translations and discourse genresTypes of translations and discourse genres Part 2: Part 2:

Class exercises pp. 25-27ABC (Larson)Class exercises pp. 25-27ABC (Larson) Discuss 12 questions (Nida)Discuss 12 questions (Nida) Correct punctuation exercisesCorrect punctuation exercises Discuss “sample” translationsDiscuss “sample” translations

Discuss exercise translation #2Discuss exercise translation #2

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Meet 3 professional translators…

Who’s out Who’s out there?there?

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Translator qualifications (as posted on the Net)

1. Peruvian with degrees in Business and 1. Peruvian with degrees in Business and Advertising. International Advertising Advertising. International Advertising Association member who taught at university Association member who taught at university level. Fields: Legal, medical, sales, PR, level. Fields: Legal, medical, sales, PR, technical writing, advertising and marketing. technical writing, advertising and marketing. Edition and proofreading, tape transcription, Edition and proofreading, tape transcription, escort, on-site translation, simultaneous escort, on-site translation, simultaneous interpretation, narration and voiceovers. interpretation, narration and voiceovers. Graphic design and DP background for Graphic design and DP background for publications in both languages. Large publications in both languages. Large network of professionals and service bureaus network of professionals and service bureaus for multilingual projects. Internet for multilingual projects. Internet reception/delivery. Websites translated into reception/delivery. Websites translated into Spanish. Accurate and reliable translations… Spanish. Accurate and reliable translations… with attention to style and tonewith attention to style and tone. .

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Qualifications

2. 2. Eight years translation experience: Eight years translation experience: financial prospectuses and newsletters, financial prospectuses and newsletters, 401(k) plan forms and newsletters, health 401(k) plan forms and newsletters, health and patient education materials, and patient education materials, academic literary articles, educational academic literary articles, educational materials and textbooks, instructions for materials and textbooks, instructions for use and package inserts for medical use and package inserts for medical devices. Education: MA French and devices. Education: MA French and Spanish (US); BA English, French, Spanish (US); BA English, French, Spanish, (US); 3 years Maritime Spanish, (US); 3 years Maritime telecommunications (Spain); 1 year telecommunications (Spain); 1 year Business and Economics (Spain). ATA Business and Economics (Spain). ATA accredited English>Spanish. accredited English>Spanish.

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Qualifications3. More than 20 years experience as technical 3. More than 20 years experience as technical

translator and conference interpreter. More translator and conference interpreter. More than 10 years as certified court interpreter. than 10 years as certified court interpreter. Native of Colombia. MA degree in Spanish Native of Colombia. MA degree in Spanish and Latin American Studies with joint and Latin American Studies with joint translation certificate from the Monterey translation certificate from the Monterey Institute of International Studies. Most Institute of International Studies. Most recent translation experience in computer recent translation experience in computer applications and telecommunications applications and telecommunications industry software, literature for computer industry software, literature for computer industry, software localization, medical industry, software localization, medical literature (in particular veterinary literature (in particular veterinary medicine), marketing publications, and medicine), marketing publications, and legal documents. Experienced user of legal documents. Experienced user of TRADOS Translation Tools TRADOS Translation Tools

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A good translator follows principles:

AccuracyAccuracy

(Precisión)(Precisión) AdaptationAdaptation

(Adaptación)(Adaptación) CompletenessCompleteness

(Totalidad)(Totalidad) Style (Estilo)Style (Estilo)

Grammatical Grammatical variation variation (Variación de (Variación de gramática)gramática)

Idiomatic Idiomatic quality (calidad quality (calidad idiomática)idiomática)

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Accuracy True reproduction of “exact” meaning from True reproduction of “exact” meaning from

source language form to equivalent source language form to equivalent receptor language form. receptor language form.

Ex1: A palabras locas, orejas sordas.Ex1: A palabras locas, orejas sordas. To mad (crazy) words, deaf ears.To mad (crazy) words, deaf ears. Semi-literal, accurate, meaning Semi-literal, accurate, meaning

maintainedmaintained Ex2: Dar en el claveEx2: Dar en el clave

To hit the nail on the head.To hit the nail on the head. Idiomatic, accurate, meaning maintainedIdiomatic, accurate, meaning maintained

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Adaptation (or Modulation)

Adapt source language form to receptor Adapt source language form to receptor language form to reflect an adjustment due to language form to reflect an adjustment due to the situation/environment/culture.the situation/environment/culture.

Be aware of the semantic value of words, etc. Be aware of the semantic value of words, etc. according to culture: words with the same according to culture: words with the same morphology may carry different meanings. morphology may carry different meanings.

Ex: beef stew (US vs. Argentina) Ex: beef stew (US vs. Argentina) Ex: Ex: El Canciller pidió la palabra.El Canciller pidió la palabra. The The

Foreign Minister asked for the floor. (not “the Foreign Minister asked for the floor. (not “the chancellor”; not “the word”).chancellor”; not “the word”).

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Matching

Up to my noseUp to my nose Hand to hand combatHand to hand combat Within earshotWithin earshot At a snail’s paceAt a snail’s pace Decision-makingDecision-making Five o’clock shadowFive o’clock shadow Fat catsFat cats

A pocos pasosA pocos pasos Toma de decisionesToma de decisiones Hasta las cejasHasta las cejas Combate cuerpo a cuerpoCombate cuerpo a cuerpo

Peces gordosPeces gordos A paso de tortugaA paso de tortuga Sombra de barbaSombra de barba

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Completeness

The translation must reflect a The translation must reflect a complete description and meaning complete description and meaning of the original language. It may be of the original language. It may be necessary to omit words and make necessary to omit words and make grammatical changes in order to grammatical changes in order to ensure an accurate, complete ensure an accurate, complete translation.translation.

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Style

Style is the writer’s unique mode of Style is the writer’s unique mode of expressing thought.expressing thought.

The translator should integrate and The translator should integrate and reproduce the style of the source reproduce the style of the source language writer into the receptor language writer into the receptor language translation.language translation.

The translator should suppress his/her The translator should suppress his/her own stylistic effects upon the receptor own stylistic effects upon the receptor translation.translation.

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Examples of StyleGenericGeneric Casa (house)Casa (house)

AffectiveAffective Hogar (home)Hogar (home)

AffectiveAffective Nido (nest)Nido (nest)

AffectiveAffective Casita (little/cute house)Casita (little/cute house)

AffectiveAffective Casucha (shack)Casucha (shack)

FamiliarFamiliar Cabaña (cabin)Cabaña (cabin)

IronicIronic Mansión (mansion)Mansión (mansion)

FormalFormal Residencia/domicilio Residencia/domicilio

Formal/literaryFormal/literary Morada (dwelling)Morada (dwelling)

FormalFormal Vivienda (place to live)Vivienda (place to live)

Literary/journalisticLiterary/journalistic Techo (roof)Techo (roof)

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Grammatical variation

The syntactical structure, parts of The syntactical structure, parts of speech, etc., must vary in form speech, etc., must vary in form from the source language to the from the source language to the receptor language to maintain receptor language to maintain meaning.meaning.

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Thine A form of the possessive case of the

pronoun thou, now superseded in common discourse by your, the possessive of you, but maintaining a place in solemn discourse, in poetry, and in the usual language of the Friends, or Quakers.

Note: In the old style, thine was commonly shortened to thi (thy) when used attributively before words beginning with a consonant; now, thy is used also before vowels. Thine is often used absolutely, the thing possessed being understood.

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Idiomatic quality

An idiomatic translation is one that has An idiomatic translation is one that has the same meaning as the source the same meaning as the source language but is expressed in the language but is expressed in the natural form of the receptor language.natural form of the receptor language.

Source language: Source language: Me puse el sombrero rojo.Me puse el sombrero rojo.

Literal: Literal: Myself I placed/put/set the hat red.Myself I placed/put/set the hat red. Idiomatic: Idiomatic: I put on my red hat.I put on my red hat.

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Terms: Ch 2 Kinds of Translations 1. Literal translation1. Literal translation 2. Idiomatic translation2. Idiomatic translation 3. Modified literal translation3. Modified literal translation 4. Unduly free translation4. Unduly free translation 5. Parts of speech: 5. Parts of speech:

noun, verb….noun, verb…. 6. Figure of speech: 6. Figure of speech:

metaphormetaphor 7. Passive vs. active 7. Passive vs. active

constructionconstruction 8. Denotative (designative)8. Denotative (designative) 9. Connotative 9. Connotative

(associative)(associative) 10. Phoneme10. Phoneme 11. Morpheme11. Morpheme 12. Ideophone12. Ideophone 13. Dialect13. Dialect

1. Traducción literal1. Traducción literal 2. Traducción idiomática2. Traducción idiomática 3. Traducción quasi-literal3. Traducción quasi-literal 4. Traducción libre4. Traducción libre 5. Elementos de oración: 5. Elementos de oración:

sustantivo, verbo . . . sustantivo, verbo . . . ..

6. Figuras literarias: 6. Figuras literarias: metáforametáfora

7. Construcción pasiva vs. 7. Construcción pasiva vs. activaactiva

8. Denotativo (referencial)8. Denotativo (referencial) 9. Connotativo 9. Connotativo

(figurado/afectivo)(figurado/afectivo) 10. Fonema10. Fonema 11. Morfema11. Morfema 12. Ideofono12. Ideofono 13. Dialecto13. Dialecto

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Key concepts in Ch. 2 I. Literal translations….I. Literal translations….

follow the form of the source language.follow the form of the source language. are interlinear (may be desirable in a are interlinear (may be desirable in a

linguistic study of the source language).linguistic study of the source language). are nonsensical and have little are nonsensical and have little

communication value.communication value. The literal choice of lexical items makes the The literal choice of lexical items makes the

translation sound foreign.translation sound foreign. Most who translate literally actually make a Most who translate literally actually make a

modified literal translation. The order and modified literal translation. The order and grammar are made acceptable in the receptor grammar are made acceptable in the receptor language but the lexical items are translated language but the lexical items are translated literally. No part of it is natural.literally. No part of it is natural.

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Key concepts II. Idiomatic translations……II. Idiomatic translations……

communicate the meaning of the communicate the meaning of the source language text in the natural source language text in the natural forms of the receptor language, both forms of the receptor language, both in grammatical construction and in grammatical construction and choice of lexical items.choice of lexical items.

do not sound like translations.do not sound like translations. Most translations are a mixture of a Most translations are a mixture of a

literal transfer of the grammar units literal transfer of the grammar units along with some idiomatic translation of along with some idiomatic translation of the meaning of the text. the meaning of the text.

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Idiomatic translations…. Unduly free translations are not usually Unduly free translations are not usually

acceptable because…..acceptable because….. they add extraneous information not in the they add extraneous information not in the

source text.source text. they change the meaning of the source text.they change the meaning of the source text. they distort the facts of the historical and they distort the facts of the historical and

cultural setting of the source language text.cultural setting of the source language text. They are sometimes done for humor or to They are sometimes done for humor or to

evoke a special response.evoke a special response. Making an ancient text seem Making an ancient text seem

contemporary is an example of unduly free contemporary is an example of unduly free translation.translation.

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Translation continuum……

Continuum

v eryli te ra l

li te ra l m od if iedli te ra l

in con s iste n tm ixtu re

n earid iom a tic

id iom a tic u ndu lyfree

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Goal of the Translator The translator’s goal is to reproduce in The translator’s goal is to reproduce in

the receptor language a text which the receptor language a text which communicates the same message as the communicates the same message as the source language but using the natural source language but using the natural grammatical and lexical choices of the grammatical and lexical choices of the receptor language…..an idiomatic receptor language…..an idiomatic translation.translation.The translator knows s/he The translator knows s/he is successful if the receptor is successful if the receptor language readers do not recognize language readers do not recognize the work as a translation at all, but the work as a translation at all, but simply as a text written in the simply as a text written in the receptor language. receptor language.

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Kinds of FORM adjustment 1. Translating Grammatical Features1. Translating Grammatical Features

Parts of speech: noun, pronoun, verb, etc.Parts of speech: noun, pronoun, verb, etc. Grammatical construction: order reversal, Grammatical construction: order reversal,

passive vs. active constructionpassive vs. active construction 2. Translating Lexical Features2. Translating Lexical Features

Lexical items (words, phrases): idioms, Lexical items (words, phrases): idioms, secondary meanings, figures of speech-secondary meanings, figures of speech-metaphors, similes, etc.metaphors, similes, etc.

Some lexical combinations are Some lexical combinations are ambiguous.ambiguous.

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Examples of Grammar Features1.1. Parts of speech: Parts of speech:

I see I see youyou. = . = Lo/la/te/los/las/osLo/la/te/los/las/os veo. veo.

2.2. Order reversal: Order reversal:

I give I give itit to to himhim. = . = SeSe lolo doy. doy.

black and white = blanco y negroblack and white = blanco y negro

3.3. Passive vs. active: Passive vs. active:

How do you say? = ¿Cómo se dice?How do you say? = ¿Cómo se dice?

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Examples of Lexical Features Idioms: a string of words whose Idioms: a string of words whose

meaning is different than the meaning is different than the meaning conveyed by the individual meaning conveyed by the individual words. Translate the following:words. Translate the following: Dive into a book:Dive into a book: Fall in love:Fall in love: Run into a friend: Run into a friend:

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Figures of speechThe names of animals are used metaphorically The names of animals are used metaphorically

in most languages. Translate the simile and in most languages. Translate the simile and compare: compare: cute as a kittencute as a kitten

Ambiguous lexical combinations: Ambiguous lexical combinations: Translate: Translate: It is too It is too hothot to eat to eat..

Metaphors: List the connotative descriptions of Metaphors: List the connotative descriptions of S/he is a pig.S/he is a pig. in the languages of Mexico. in the languages of Mexico.

In Mixteco:In Mixteco:In Tzeltal:In Tzeltal:In Aztec:In Aztec:

In Otomí:In Otomí:

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Terms for Translation: Possible or ImpossibleDenotative (designative)Denotative (designative)

Connotative (associative)Connotative (associative)

Dictionary definition of wordDictionary definition of word

Word associated with an emotion Word associated with an emotion (positive or negative)(positive or negative)

PhonemePhoneme

MorphemeMorpheme

IdeophoneIdeophone

Letter sound with meaning Letter sound with meaning ((rr vs. vs. rrrr))

Sequence of meaningful units that Sequence of meaningful units that form a word: pre-scrip-tionform a word: pre-scrip-tion

Psst, shsh, arrrgh, tsk-tskPsst, shsh, arrrgh, tsk-tsk

DialectDialect Variante o modalidad idiomática Variante o modalidad idiomática de una misma “lengua” de una misma “lengua” compartida por una comunidad compartida por una comunidad linglingüüísticaística

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Semantic classes: Formal

classes: 1. 1. EntitiesEntities or people, places, or people, places, things: man, girl, waterthings: man, girl, water

Nouns, pronouns, Nouns, pronouns, gerundsgerunds

2. Activities or 2. Activities or EventsEvents: walk, : walk, work, runwork, run

VerbsVerbs

3. Inherent or state features or 3. Inherent or state features or AttributesAttributes: slow, good, two: slow, good, two

AdjectivesAdjectives

4. 4. RelationsRelations: in, when, because: in, when, because Adverbs, conjunctionsAdverbs, conjunctions

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5 semantic relations between words or groups of words:

1. Particularization 1. Particularization (restriction)(restriction)

Men Men oldold men men three oldthree old men men

2. Participation2. Participation John gave BillJohn gave Bill $10 $10 dollars.dollars.

3. Conjoining (coordinating)3. Conjoining (coordinating) John John andand Bill, speak up Bill, speak up oror keep quiet keep quiet

4. Substitution4. Substitution John…my friend…he…John…my friend…he…5. Relation-axis5. Relation-axis in the class, when soberin the class, when sober

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Psychological functions of language:1. naming1. naming Symbols for controlling objects and eventsSymbols for controlling objects and events

2. stating2. stating Subject-predicate statementsSubject-predicate statements

3. modeling3. modeling Means of talking about experiences and of Means of talking about experiences and of modeling the world: Lassie…modeling the world: Lassie…dog….animal….mammaldog….animal….mammal

4. responding4. responding Way to respond emotionally: ouch!, yikes! Way to respond emotionally: ouch!, yikes! Used to express feelings such as depression, Used to express feelings such as depression, joy, hatred. Verbal doodlingjoy, hatred. Verbal doodling

5. thinking5. thinking In terms of spatial relations, series of events, In terms of spatial relations, series of events, complex or abstractcomplex or abstract

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Sociological functions of language:1. interpersonal1. interpersonal Maintain social statusMaintain social status

5 levels: ritual, formal, informal, casual, 5 levels: ritual, formal, informal, casual, intimate, phatic (small talk)intimate, phatic (small talk)

2. informative2. informative Influence the Influence the cognitive statecognitive state of other people of other people

3. imperative3. imperative Influence the Influence the behaviorbehavior of other people of other people

4. performative4. performative Influence the status of receptors Influence the status of receptors (solemnizing, sentencing, blessing an event (solemnizing, sentencing, blessing an event or person)or person)

5. emotive5. emotive Alters the emotive state of receptors, Alters the emotive state of receptors, depends on connotative value of wordsdepends on connotative value of words

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How is translating “impossible”?1.1. Language both reveals and hides. Words Language both reveals and hides. Words

provide clues to meaning. Verbal signs are provide clues to meaning. Verbal signs are defined by other signs. Words do not defined by other signs. Words do not clothe reality but are like pegs to hang clothe reality but are like pegs to hang ideas.ideas.

2.2. It depends on shared knowledge in that It depends on shared knowledge in that readers are expected to “know” something readers are expected to “know” something of the content.of the content.

3.3. There is an underlying parallax “distortion” There is an underlying parallax “distortion” within each language. No two words in any within each language. No two words in any two languages have the same denotative two languages have the same denotative or connotative meanings. or connotative meanings.

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Questionnaire for Translation: Possible or Impossible

1. According to Nida, what is the 1. According to Nida, what is the popular assumption that makes popular assumption that makes translation impossible? translation impossible?

2. What does Nida say about word-2. What does Nida say about word-for-word translation? What milieu for-word translation? What milieu tends to favor such a translation?tends to favor such a translation?

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3. Does Nida make a distinction between 3. Does Nida make a distinction between interpretation (interpreting) and interpretation (interpreting) and translation (translating)? If you were to translation (translating)? If you were to make a distinction, what would it be like?make a distinction, what would it be like?

4. According to Nida, what is most 4. According to Nida, what is most important in translation: faithfulness to important in translation: faithfulness to the source culture or faithfulness to the the source culture or faithfulness to the receptor culture? Do you agree with receptor culture? Do you agree with Nida? Why or why not? What will be the Nida? Why or why not? What will be the implications of one or the other for the implications of one or the other for the product of your translation?product of your translation?

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5. What are some of the genres that 5. What are some of the genres that Nida mentions for Bible Nida mentions for Bible translation? For secular translation? For secular translations, what are the genres translations, what are the genres that one is likely to encounter?that one is likely to encounter?

6. What are some of the 6. What are some of the characteristics of languages that characteristics of languages that make translation possible?make translation possible?

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7. Why do you think that Nida argues 7. Why do you think that Nida argues that “translating can never be that “translating can never be discussed apart from the cultures of discussed apart from the cultures of the respective languages”? What are the respective languages”? What are the implications of this statement for the implications of this statement for translators or for the training of translators or for the training of translators?translators?

8. What are some of the things 8. What are some of the things mentioned by Nida that allegedly mentioned by Nida that allegedly make translation impossible?make translation impossible?

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9. Should translation be considered 9. Should translation be considered a “science”? Or an “art”?a “science”? Or an “art”?

10. What are, according to Nida, the 10. What are, according to Nida, the two most important processes two most important processes involved in translation?involved in translation?

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11. What is Nida’s reason for 11. What is Nida’s reason for comparing translation to a game?comparing translation to a game?

12. Why do you think Nida concludes 12. Why do you think Nida concludes his article by saying that his article by saying that “translating is both challenging “translating is both challenging and discouraging”? Do you agree and discouraging”? Do you agree with him? Have you ever felt with him? Have you ever felt discouraged by your own discouraged by your own translation? translation?

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Larson Ch. 30: What Kind of Writing is This? Discourse Genres and Translation A A discourse genrediscourse genre is a form of writing that is a form of writing that

an author chooses to communicate his/her an author chooses to communicate his/her purpose; each purpose; each discourse genrediscourse genre has its has its typical style, structure and organization.typical style, structure and organization.

NOTE: Most texts include combinations of NOTE: Most texts include combinations of one or more discourse genres. For example: one or more discourse genres. For example: Newspaper articles are often both Newspaper articles are often both NARRATIVE and EXPOSITORY. Stories and NARRATIVE and EXPOSITORY. Stories and novels often combine the NARRATIVE and novels often combine the NARRATIVE and REPARTEE genres. Tourist information that REPARTEE genres. Tourist information that tells you how to get somewhere can be tells you how to get somewhere can be both DESCRIPTIVE and PROCEDURAL.both DESCRIPTIVE and PROCEDURAL.

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Summary of Discourse GenresTYPETYPE AUTHOR’S PURPOSEAUTHOR’S PURPOSE EXAMPLEEXAMPLE

NarrativeNarrative Recount eventsRecount events storystory

ProceduralProcedural Prescribe how to do somethingPrescribe how to do something manualmanual

ExpositoryExpository Argue or explain a pointArgue or explain a point editorialeditorial

DescriptiveDescriptive Tell about the nature/state of Tell about the nature/state of somethingsomething

tour guidetour guide

HortatoryHortatory Command, propose, suggestCommand, propose, suggest lecturelecture

ReparteeRepartee Enact or recount conversationEnact or recount conversation drama, playdrama, play

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Summary Chart- characteristics of discourse genreGENREGENRE Person Person

orientationorientationTime Time (illocutionary (illocutionary function)function)

BackboneBackbone Primary Primary structurestructure

NARRATIVENARRATIVE firstfirst

thirdthird

past (statements)past (statements) main-line eventsmain-line events stimulus-stimulus-responseresponse

PROCEDURALPROCEDURAL unspecifiedunspecified (commands)(commands) proceduresprocedures steps-goalsteps-goal

EXPOSITORYEXPOSITORY thirdthird (statements)(statements) themesthemes logical (cause-logical (cause-effect)effect)

DESCRIPTIVEDESCRIPTIVE thirdthird (statements)(statements) topicstopics topic-commentstopic-comments

HORTATORYHORTATORY secondsecond (commands)(commands) injunctionsinjunctions grounds-grounds-exhortationexhortation

REPARTEE/ REPARTEE/ DRAMADRAMA

depends on the depends on the discourse discourse within the within the exchangeexchange

depends on the depends on the discourse within discourse within the exchangethe exchange

depends on the depends on the discourse within discourse within the exchangethe exchange

exchangesexchanges

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ILLOCUTIONARY function

The The speech act of doing something of doing something else-offering advice or taking a vow, else-offering advice or taking a vow, for example - in the process of for example - in the process of uttering meaningful language. Thus, uttering meaningful language. Thus, for example, in saying "I will repay for example, in saying "I will repay you this money next week," one you this money next week," one typically performs the typically performs the illocutionary actillocutionary act of making a of making a promise.promise.

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In-class practice

Exercises pp. 25-27 Larson textExercises pp. 25-27 Larson text Practice 1: Identify and discuss types of Practice 1: Identify and discuss types of

discourse genre discourse genre Practice 2: Translation of false cognatesPractice 2: Translation of false cognates Practice 3: Correct punctuation Practice 3: Correct punctuation

exercises exercises (manual pp. 94+ and 99+)(manual pp. 94+ and 99+) Optional activity: post a question to Optional activity: post a question to

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/sptranslators/http://groups.yahoo.com/group/sptranslators/

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Practice 11.1. Identify and write down the discourse Identify and write down the discourse

genres genres (include the title in English of each (include the title in English of each document)document) represented by the represented by the translated materials found in the translated materials found in the manual on pages 139-223.manual on pages 139-223.

2. Identify three discourse genres of the 2. Identify three discourse genres of the translated documents distributed by translated documents distributed by the instructor the instructor (write the title of each (write the title of each document in English).document in English).

3. Please turn in your list at the end of 3. Please turn in your list at the end of class.class.

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Practice 2 Groups of 3: After consulting the Groups of 3: After consulting the

Glossary on manual p. 111, write down Glossary on manual p. 111, write down at least one “literal” false cognate of the at least one “literal” false cognate of the listed problem word (p. 108) in one listed problem word (p. 108) in one column and the appropriate “idiomatic” column and the appropriate “idiomatic” translation in a second column.translation in a second column.

Ex: Ex: assistassist a patient --- asistir a patient --- asistir (false cognate)(false cognate) ----- ayudar ----- ayudar (idiomatic translation of “assist”)(idiomatic translation of “assist”)

Ex: Ex: attendattend a class --- atender a class --- atender (false cognate)(false cognate) ---- asistir ---- asistir (idiomatic translation of “attend”)(idiomatic translation of “attend”)

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Homework for June-5-06

Read Chapter 3 (Larson)Read Chapter 3 (Larson) Translation exercise #2: birth Translation exercise #2: birth

certificate (Spanish to English)certificate (Spanish to English)

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Translation exercise #21) Make a list of key terms and concepts that need to be 1) Make a list of key terms and concepts that need to be

defined and explained in order to understand the defined and explained in order to understand the Spanish text completely. Spanish text completely.

2) Make a list of English terms and phrases that you will 2) Make a list of English terms and phrases that you will use CONSISTENTLY as equivalents for the terms in step use CONSISTENTLY as equivalents for the terms in step (1). Please consult manual p. 56+ for vocabulary (1). Please consult manual p. 56+ for vocabulary support.support.

3) Type your translation on a computer (using Microsoft 3) Type your translation on a computer (using Microsoft Word, if possible). Please use Times font in 14-point Word, if possible). Please use Times font in 14-point size. DOUBLE-SPACE your English text so that you and size. DOUBLE-SPACE your English text so that you and your classmates can easily make comments on your your classmates can easily make comments on your work. work. 

4) After you have finished your translation, proofread it to 4) After you have finished your translation, proofread it to make sure it is complete. In the process of proofreading, make sure it is complete. In the process of proofreading, CHECK SPELLING and PUNCTUATION. Bring two printed CHECK SPELLING and PUNCTUATION. Bring two printed copies to class, one for your group analysis and the copies to class, one for your group analysis and the other for the instructor. Make sure that your name and other for the instructor. Make sure that your name and date are at the top of your printed copies.date are at the top of your printed copies.

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Partial birth certificate Acta de nacimiento de la niña Herminia Vargas González, Acta de nacimiento de la niña Herminia Vargas González,

Zapoteca Huauchinango, Pue.Zapoteca Huauchinango, Pue. --- Al centro en Zapoteca del municipio de Huauchinango del --- Al centro en Zapoteca del municipio de Huauchinango del

Estado de Puebla, siendo las 9:00 nueve horas del día 12 doce de Estado de Puebla, siendo las 9:00 nueve horas del día 12 doce de Noviembre del año de 1979 mil novecientos setenta y nueve, ante Noviembre del año de 1979 mil novecientos setenta y nueve, ante mí C. Humberto Gómez Martínez, Presidente Auxiliar Municipal y mí C. Humberto Gómez Martínez, Presidente Auxiliar Municipal y por Ministerio de Ley Juez encargado del Registro Civil de este por Ministerio de Ley Juez encargado del Registro Civil de este lugar, compareció el señor Porfirio Vargas Delgado, casado por el lugar, compareció el señor Porfirio Vargas Delgado, casado por el Civil y de 27 veintisiete años de edad, católico, alfabeta, Civil y de 27 veintisiete años de edad, católico, alfabeta, campesino, originario y vecino de este lugar, manifestó que el día campesino, originario y vecino de este lugar, manifestó que el día 20 veinte de septiembre del año de 1979 mil novecientos setenta 20 veinte de septiembre del año de 1979 mil novecientos setenta y nueve, siendo las 3:00 tres horas en su casa habitación, nació y nueve, siendo las 3:00 tres horas en su casa habitación, nació viva sin defectos físicos una niña, la que presentan para su viva sin defectos físicos una niña, la que presentan para su inscripción con el nombre de Herminia Vargas González, que inscripción con el nombre de Herminia Vargas González, que ocupa 2o. segundo lugar en la familia, siendo hija legítima del ocupa 2o. segundo lugar en la familia, siendo hija legítima del declarante y de su esposa María González Castro, casada por el declarante y de su esposa María González Castro, casada por el Civil y de 17 diez y siete años de edad, católica, alfabeta, Civil y de 17 diez y siete años de edad, católica, alfabeta, doméstica originaria de Topatla Municipio de Huauchinango, doméstica originaria de Topatla Municipio de Huauchinango, Puebla, y vecina de este lugar, --------------------------- Puebla, y vecina de este lugar, --------------------------- 

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Partial birth certificate Es copia tomada fiel y exactamente del original a que me remito y se Es copia tomada fiel y exactamente del original a que me remito y se

expide a solicitud de parte interesada para los usos legales y expide a solicitud de parte interesada para los usos legales y convenientes: - En Zapoteca Huauchinango Puebla, a los 5 cinco días convenientes: - En Zapoteca Huauchinango Puebla, a los 5 cinco días del mes de Abril del año de 1986 mil novecientos ochenta y seis.del mes de Abril del año de 1986 mil novecientos ochenta y seis.

  

““Sufragio Efectivo No Reelección”Sufragio Efectivo No Reelección” (please see next 2 slides!) (please see next 2 slides!)

El Presidente Auxiliar Municipal y Juez Encargado del Registro Civil.El Presidente Auxiliar Municipal y Juez Encargado del Registro Civil.

  

__________________________________________________

Vicente Gómez Martínez. Vicente Gómez Martínez.

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Slogans/Lemas In government correspondence official In government correspondence official

slogans (“lemas”) are sometimes used slogans (“lemas”) are sometimes used either in the letterhead, or more either in the letterhead, or more commonly just before the signature block. commonly just before the signature block. These usually reflect an event or saying of These usually reflect an event or saying of some historical significance, and should some historical significance, and should be translated between quotation marks. be translated between quotation marks. The English-speaking businessperson may The English-speaking businessperson may find this unusual and the translator may find this unusual and the translator may wish to add a brief footnote explaining the wish to add a brief footnote explaining the significance.significance.

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Example: Slogans/Lemas

““Sufragio Efectivo, No Reelección” Sufragio Efectivo, No Reelección” = “Effective Suffrage, No = “Effective Suffrage, No Reelection” (Mexico: a slogan of Reelection” (Mexico: a slogan of the Mexican Revolution of 1910 the Mexican Revolution of 1910 against the dictator Porfirio Díaz, against the dictator Porfirio Díaz, who stayed in power through a who stayed in power through a long series of rigged elections)long series of rigged elections)

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