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Unit 1: Basic Economic Concepts

““Econ, Econ, Econ”Econ”

EconEcon

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Economic Terminology

Utility =Marginal =

Satisfaction!Additional!

Allocate = Distribute!

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Scarcity vs. Shortages

•Shortages occur when producers will not or cannot offer goods or services at current prices. Shortages are temporary.

•Scarcity occurs at all times for all goods.

Price vs. CostWhat’s the price? vs. How much does that cost?

Price= Amount buyer (or consumer) pays

Cost= Amount seller pays to produce a good

InvestmentInvestment= the money spent by BUSINESSES to improve their production

Ex: $1,000 new computer, $1 Million new factory 4

Services= actions or activities that one person performs for another (teaching, cleaning, cooking)

Goods= physical objects that satisfy needs and wants

Give examples…

•Consumer Goods- created for direct consumption (example: pizza)

•Capital Goods- created for indirect consumption (oven, blenders, knives, etc.)

•Goods used to make consumer goods

Goods vs. Services

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The 4 Factors of Production

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The Four Factors of Production

Entrepreneurship

Capital

Labor

Land

•Producing goods and services requires the use of resources- DUH!. •ALL resources can be classified as one of the following four factors of production:

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Land = All natural resources that are used to produce goods and services. Anything that comes from “mother nature.” (Water, Sun, Plants, Oil, Trees, Stone, Animals, etc.)

The Four Factors of Production

Labor = Any effort a person devotes to a task for which that person is paid. (manual laborers, lawyers, doctors, teachers, waiters, etc.)

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Two Types of Capital: 1. Physical Capital- Any human-made resource that is used to create other

goods and services (tools, tractors, machinery, buildings, factories, etc.)2. Human Capital- Any skills or knowledge gained by a worker through

education and experience (college degrees, vocational training, etc.)

The Four Factors of Production

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• Entrepreneurship= ambitious leaders that combine the other factors of production to create goods and services.

• Examples-Henry Ford, Bill Gates, Inventors, Store Owners, etc.

The Four Factors of Production

Entrepreneurs:1. Take The Initiative2. Innovate3. Act as the Risk Bearers

So they can obtain _________.

Profit= Revenue - Costs

PROFIT

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The Factors of Production

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The Four Factors of Production

You decide to order a pizza to satisfy your wants. First, you picked up the telephone and gave your order to the owner that entered it into her computer. This information came up on the chief baker’s monitor in the kitchen and he assigned it to one of his cooks. The cook was busy mixing dough out of salt, flour, eggs, and milk.

The cook finished mixing dough, washed his hands in the sink, and prepared your pizza using tomato sauce, cheese, and sausage. He then placed the pizza in the oven. Within 10 minutes the pizza was cooked and placed in a cardboard box. The delivery person then grabbed your pizza, jumped in the company car, and delivered it to your door.

Classify the Factors of Production in the following scenario:

The Four Factors of ProductionClassify the Factors of Production in the following scenario:

You decide to order a pizza to satisfy your wants. First, you picked up the telephone and gave your order to the owner that entered it into her computer. This information came up on the chief baker’s monitor in the kitchen and he assigned it to one of his cooks. The cook was busy mixing dough out of salt, flour, eggs, and milk.

The cook finished mixing dough, washed his hands in the sink, and prepared your pizza using tomato sauce, cheese, and sausage. He then placed the pizza in the oven. Within 10 minutes the pizza was cooked and placed in a cardboard box. The delivery person then grabbed your pizza, jumped in the company car, and delivered it to your door.

Accountants vs. Economists

Accountants look at only EXPLICIT COSTS.•Explicit costs are the traditional “out-of pocket costs” of decision making.

•Ex: Going to Disneyland

Economists look at the EXPLICIT COSTS and the IMPLICIT COSTS.•Implicit costs are the opportunity costs such as forgone time and forgone income.

•Ex: Payton Manning leaves the NFL to open a taco shop.

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