1 what is public health? “public health is what we, as a society, do collectively to assure the...
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What is Public Health?
“Public health is what we, as a society, do collectively to assure the conditions in which people can be healthy. This requires that continuing and emerging threats to the health of the public be successfully countered.”
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What’s the Difference Between Public Health and Medicine?
Public Health
• Primary focus is on populations and preventing illness
Medicine
• Primary focus is on individual patients and caring for the sick
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Ten Great Public Health Achievements United States1900 - 1999
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Epidemic
• An occurrence in which a disease spreads very quickly and affects a large number of people
• A sudden quickly spreading occurrence of something harmful or unwanted
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Epidemics
• Recent Epidemics:– Ebola– SARS– Avian Influenza (H7H9)
• Epidemics of the Past– Smallpox– Plague– Polio
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Smoking, Obesity, Lack of Physical Exercise
• Today 34 percent of high school seniors smoke at least monthly, up from 28 percent in 1991
• In the U.S. today, 400,000 Americans die annually from smoking related illnesses
• Today 30% of youth are overweight
• 63% of high school students said they didn’t exercise for at least 60 minutes (recommended amount) every day
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No Data <10% 10%–14%
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1985
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No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1991
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No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1997
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Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1999
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20
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No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2001
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(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2004
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%
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Fields of Public Health
• Epidemiology
• Health Education
• Health Systems and Policy
• Environmental Health
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Public Health…Being prepared for whatever might happen next!
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Examples Public Health Research• Epidemiology
– Does Needle Exchange in NJ Stop the Spread of HIV Infection
• Health Systems and Policy – How Can We Reshape the Health System to Lower Health
Care Costs in Camden• Health Education
– What’s the Impact of New Taxes on Tobacco Snuff on Use• Environmental and Occupational Health
– Air Quality Monitoring at the Beijing Olympics
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New Jersey needs more public health professionals. NJ ranks 42 out of the 50 states in terms of the size of its public health workforce.
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Examples of Careers in Public Health• Local and state health departments• Federal—Centers for Disease Control, Public
Health Service• International—World Health Organization• Academia—teaching and research at the
undergraduate and graduate level • Private industry—pharmaceutical companies • Hospitals and clinics, community based
organizations
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Undergraduate Programs
• Rutgers—Undergraduate degree in Public Health or Health Sciences
• Richard Stockton—Undergraduate degree in Public Health
• Camden Community College—course—Introduction to Public Health
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Let’s Look at How a Disease Spreads in a Population
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