1. Which is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

A. support

B. lining

C. protection

D. storageB.

3. The shaft part of a long bone is known as the

A. epiphysis

B. diaphysis

C. medullary cavity

D. periosteum

E. endosteum B.

4. Where is yellow marrow found, specifically?

A. epiphysis

B. diaphysis

C. medullary cavity

D. periosteum

E. endosteum

C.

5. What is the DWF capsule that covers most of the long bone known as?

A. epiphysis

B. diaphysis

C. medullary cavity

D. periosteum

E. endosteum

D.

Appendicular SkeletonAppendicular Skeleton

The appendicular skeleton consists of the The appendicular skeleton consists of the girdlesgirdles and and the the skeleton of the limbsskeleton of the limbs. The . The upper (anterior)upper (anterior) limbs limbs are attached to the are attached to the pectoral (shoulder) girdlepectoral (shoulder) girdle and and the the lower (posterior)lower (posterior) limbs are attached to the limbs are attached to the pelvic pelvic (hip) girdle(hip) girdle. .

Shoulder GirdleShoulder Girdle The Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle.The Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle. The Pectoral girdle consists of two shoulder The Pectoral girdle consists of two shoulder

blades (scapulae) and two collar bones blades (scapulae) and two collar bones (clavicles). These bones articulate with one (clavicles). These bones articulate with one another, allowing some degree of movement.another, allowing some degree of movement.

I. Appendicular Skeleton- Upper Extremities

A. Pectoral region- AKA shoulder girdle; clavicle & scapula

The Upper Limbs The Upper Limbs The skeleton of the upper limbs or arm may be divided into The skeleton of the upper limbs or arm may be divided into five main regions: an upper arm bone, the forearm (radius five main regions: an upper arm bone, the forearm (radius and ulna), the wrist, the palm of the hand and the fingers.and ulna), the wrist, the palm of the hand and the fingers.

The Upper Arm (Humerus)The Upper Arm (Humerus) The upper arm is a single long bone. The upper end The upper arm is a single long bone. The upper end

consists of a hemi-spherical ball which fits into the consists of a hemi-spherical ball which fits into the socket of the shoulder blade to form the shoulder socket of the shoulder blade to form the shoulder joint. The lower end of the humerus forms a shallow joint. The lower end of the humerus forms a shallow ball and socket joint with the radius and a hinge joint ball and socket joint with the radius and a hinge joint with the ulna in the elbow.with the ulna in the elbow.

B. Upper arm- AKA humerus; long bone with 2 epiphyses & 1 diaphysis

C. Lower arm- AKA forearm; radius (thumb) and ulna (pinky)

The WristThe Wrist The wrist consists of eight carpal bones. These are The wrist consists of eight carpal bones. These are

small, short bones that are arranged in two rows of four. small, short bones that are arranged in two rows of four. They have articulating facets which allow them to slide They have articulating facets which allow them to slide over one another.over one another.

The Palm of the HandThe Palm of the Hand The palm is supported by five long metacarpals. The The palm is supported by five long metacarpals. The

metacarpals articulate with carpals at one end and with metacarpals articulate with carpals at one end and with the phalanges at the other end.the phalanges at the other end.

The FingersThe Fingers The fingers are made up of fourteen phalanges. There The fingers are made up of fourteen phalanges. There

are three phalanges in each finger but only two in the are three phalanges in each finger but only two in the thumb.thumb.

D.Wrist- AKA carpel bones (8/ Hand)

For right hand, dorsal view:

Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate

Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform

Hand- 5 Metacarpals/ Hand; thumb joins with Hand- 5 Metacarpals/ Hand; thumb joins with trapezium for freely movable joint trapezium for freely movable joint

Phalanges (14/Hand)Phalanges (14/Hand) Proximal phalanx Proximal phalanx Middle phalanx – not on thumbMiddle phalanx – not on thumb Distal phalanxDistal phalanx

Appendicular Skelton: Lower Appendicular Skelton: Lower ExtremitiesExtremities

Pelvic region- AKA Pelvic region- AKA pelvic girdle or pelvic girdle or hip; joins with hip; joins with sacrum & coccyx; sacrum & coccyx;

made up of 2 coxal made up of 2 coxal bones bones

3 fused bones: 3 fused bones:

ilium (upper), ilium (upper), ischium (lower), ischium (lower), pubis (medial) pubis (medial)

Upper leg- AKA femur or thighUpper leg- AKA femur or thigh

longest and heaviest longest and heaviest bone in bodybone in body

Patella- AKA kneecap; Patella- AKA kneecap; joins with femur and tibiajoins with femur and tibia

Lower leg- tibia (big toe) & fibula (pinky Lower leg- tibia (big toe) & fibula (pinky toe) Ankle- AKA tarsal bones (7/Foot)toe) Ankle- AKA tarsal bones (7/Foot)

Ankle- AKA tarsal bones (7/Foot)Ankle- AKA tarsal bones (7/Foot)

E. Foot- 5 Metatarsals/Foot; limited mov’t of toes; E. Foot- 5 Metatarsals/Foot; limited mov’t of toes; need to support weightneed to support weight

F. F. Phalanges (14/Foot)Phalanges (14/Foot)

Proximal phalanxProximal phalanx

Middle phalanx – not present on big toeMiddle phalanx – not present on big toe

Distal phalanxDistal phalanx