1 world bank (washington, d.c. – 20 november 2007) “digital libraries, 5s, and applications –...
TRANSCRIPT
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World Bank(Washington, D.C. – 20 November 2007)
“Digital Libraries, 5S, and Applications – esp. Archaeology, Education, ETDs,
and CTR (Crisis, Tragedy & Recovery)”
Edward A. Fox
• [email protected] http://fox.cs.vt.edu
• Dept. of Computer Science, Virginia Tech
• Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
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Acknowledgements (selected)
• Colleagues: Lillian Cassel, Debra Dudley, Weiguo Fan, Marcos Gonçalves, Doug Gorton, Rohit Kelapure, Neill Kipp, Aaron Krowne, Ming Luo, Uma Murthy, Manuel Perez, Ananth Raghavan, Rao Shen, Hussein Suleman, Srinivas Vemuri, Layne Watson, …
• Sponsors: ACM, AOL, CAPES, DFG, Google, IBM, IMLS, INL, Microsoft, NSF (CCF-0722259; IIS-9986089, 0080748, 0086227, 0307867, 0325579, 0535057, 0535060, 0736055 ; DUE-0121679, 0121741, 0136690, 0333531, 0333601, 0435059, 0532825), SUN, …
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Outline
• Digital Libraries• 5S• Archaeology• Education• ETDs• CTR (Crisis, Tragedy & Recovery)
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SynchronousScholarly Communication
Same time, Same or different place
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Asynchronous, Digital Library Mediated Scholarly Communication
Different time and/or place
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DL OverviewWhy of Global Interest?
• National projects can preserve antiquities and heritage: cultural, historical, linguistic, scholarly
• Knowledge and information are essential to economic and technological growth, education
• DL - a domain for international collaboration– wherein all can contribute and benefit– which leverages investment in networking– which provides useful content on Internet & WWW– which will tie nations and peoples together more
strongly and through deeper understanding
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Digital Libraries --- Objectives
• World Lit.: 24hr / 7day / from desktop• Integrated “super” information systems: 5S:
Table of related areas and their coverage• Ubiquitous, Higher Quality, Lower Cost • Education, Knowledge Sharing, Discovery• Disintermediation -> Collaboration • Universities Reclaim Property• Interactive Courseware, Student Works• Scalable, Sustainable, Usable, Useful
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Computing (flops)Digital content
Com
mun
icat
ions
(ban
dwid
th, c
onne
ctiv
ity)
Locating Digital Libraries in Computing andCommunications Technology Space
Digital Libraries technologytrajectory: intellectualaccess to globally distributed information
less moreNote: we should consider 4 dimensions: computing, communications,content, and community (people)
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Borgman et al.:Workshop Report onSocial Aspects ofDigital Libraries: http://www-lis.gseis.ucla.edu/DL/
InformationLifeCycle
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Information Life Cycle
AuthoringModifying
OrganizingIndexing
StoringRetrieving
DistributingNetworking
Retention/ Mining
AccessingFiltering
UsingCreating
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crea
tion
distributionsee
kingutilization
E1:starting
E2: chaining
E3: browsin
g
E4: diffe
rentia
ting
E5: monito
ring
E6: extra
cting
storing, archiving,
networking
K1:
in
itia
tion
K2:
se
lectio
n
K3:
explorationK4:
formulation
K5: collection
K6:
presentation
auth
orin
g, m
odify
ing,
desc
ribin
g org
anizi
ng, i
ndex
ing
pres
erva
bilit
y,
sim
ilari
ty,
tim
elin
ess,
accuracy, completeness,
conformance accessibility, preservability
DL Success Constructs
Activ
e Semi-active
Inactive
E: Ellis’ modelK: Kuhlthau’s model
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Digital LibrariesShorten the Chain from
Editor
Publisher
A&I
Consolidator
Library
Reviewer
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DLs Shorten the Chain to
Author
Reader
Digital
LibraryEditor
Reviewer
Teacher
Learner
Librarian
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D ig ita l L ib ra r y C o n te n t
A rtic le s ,R e p o rts,
B o o ks
T e xtD o cum e n ts
S p ee ch ,M u s ic
V id eoA u d io
(A e ria l)P h o tos
G e og rap h icIn fo rm ation
M o d e lsS im u la tio ns
S o ftw a re ,P ro g ra m s
G e no m eH u m a n,a n im a l,
p la n t
B ioIn fo rm ation
2 D , 3 D ,V R ,C A T
Im ag es a ndG ra p h ics
C o nte n tT yp e s
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Informal 5S & DL Definitions
DLs are complex systems that
• help satisfy info needs of users (societies)
• provide info services (scenarios)
• organize info in usable ways (structures)
• present info in usable ways (spaces)
• communicate info with users (streams)
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• “Streams”
- All types of contents
(as well as communications and flows over networks, or into sensors, or sense perceptions)
• “Structures”
- Organizational schemes
(including data structures, databases, and knowledge representations – taxonomies, ontologies)
5S Framework
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5S Framework
• “Spaces” - 2D and 3D interfaces, GIS data,
representations of documents and queries. • “Scenarios”
- System states and events, but also can represent situations of use by human users (or machine
processes, yielding services or transformations of data). • “Societies”
- Both software “service managers” and fairly generic “actors” who could be (collaborating) human (users).
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5S and DL formal definitions and compositions (April 2004 TOIS)
5S
structures (d.10)streams (d.9) spaces (d.18) scenarios (d.21) societies (d. 24)
structural metadataspecification(d.25)
descriptive metadataspecification(d.26)
repository(d. 33)
collection (d. 31)
(d.34)indexingservice
structured stream (d.29)
digitalobject (d.30)
metadata catalog (d.32)
browsingservice
(d.37)
searchingservice (d.35)
digital library(minimal) (d. 38)
services (d.22)
sequence (d. 3)
graph (d. 6)function (d. 2)
measurable(d.12), measure(d.13), probability (d.14), vector (d.15), topological (d.16) spaces
event (d.10)state (d. 18)
hypertext(d.36)
sequence (d. 3)
transmission(d.23)
relation (d. 1) language (d.5)
grammar (d. 7)
tuple (d. 4)*
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5S definitional structure
Digital Object
RepositoryRepositoryCollectionCollection Minimal DL
Metadata Catalog
Descriptive Metadata
Specification
Structural Metadata
Specification
StreamsStreams StructuresStructures SpacesSpaces ScenariosScenarios SocietiesSocieties
indexingindexing
browsingbrowsing searchingsearching
servicesservices
hypertexthypertext
Structured Stream
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5S and Generating DLs
• 5S Framework• 5S definitions, services taxonomy, ontology• 5SL• 5SGraph• 5SGen (and DL development)• DL development of union DL• 5SGen into DSpace• 5SQual
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Digital Objects
Metadata
Services
• Completeness
• Conformance
• Accessibility
• Similarity
• Significance
• Timeliness
• Efficiency
• Reliability
Numeric
Indicators
5SQual - Dimensions
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ETANA-DL
• Archaeological DL• Integrated DL
– Heterogeneous data handling
• Applies and extends the OAI-PMH– Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata
Handling
• Design considerations– Componentized– Extensible– Portable
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Member DLs of ETANA-DL
Repository
Catalog
DatabaseSearching
and Browsing
Archaeologists
Society
Archaeologists
Archaeologists
Society
Service
Lahav
Repository
Catalog
DatabaseSearching
and Browsing
Archaeologists
Society
Archaeologists
Archaeologists
Society
Service
Madaba
Repository
Catalog
DatabaseSearching
and Browsing
Archaeologists
Society
Archaeologists
Archaeologists
Society
Service
Megiddo
Repository
Catalog
DatabaseSearching
and Browsing
Archaeologists
Society
Archaeologists
Archaeologists
Society
Service
Umayri
…
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Architecture of ETANA-DL, with centralized catalog and partially
decentralized repository
Union Catalog
Union Repository
ArchaeologistsGeneral Public
Union Society
Union Services
Harvesting, MappingSearching, Browsing, Recommendation,
Annotation, Object Comparison, Object SharingBinding, Visualization
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ETANA-DL Approach• Applying and extending Digital Library (DL)
techniques to solve key problems: making primary data available, data preservation, and interoperability
• Modeling archaeological information systems using 5S to better understand the domain and design the system and the supporting services
• Rapidly prototyping DLs that handle heterogeneous archaeological data using componentized frameworks:– eliciting requirements– refining metamodel and union schema– modeling sites– mapping– harvesting– providing useful services
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ETANA Societies
1. Historic and pre-historic societies (being studied)2. Archaeologists (in academic institutes, fieldwork
settings, or local and national governmental bodies)
3. Project directors4. Technical staff (consisting of photographers,
technical illustrators, and their assistants)5. Field staff (responsible for the actual work of
excavation)6. Camp staff (e.g., camp managers, registrars, tool
stewards)7. General public (e.g., educators, learners, citizens)
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ETANA Societies
• Social issues1. Who owns the finds?
2. Where should they be preserved?
3. What nationality and ethnicity do they represent?
4. Who has publication rights?
5. What interactions took place between those at the site studied, and others? What theories are proposed by whom about this?
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ETANA Scenarios1. Life in the site in former times2. Digital recording: the planning stage and the excavation stage 3. Planning stage: remote sensing, fieldwalking, field surveys, building
surveys, consulting historical and other documentary sources, and managing the sites and monuments
4. Excavation1. Detailed information is recorded, including for each layer of soil, and for
features such as pole holes, pits, and ditches. 2. Data about each artifact is recorded together with information about its
exact find spot. 3. Numerous environmental and other samples are taken for laboratory
analysis, and the location and purpose of each is carefully recorded. 4. Large numbers of photographs are taken, both general views of the
progress of excavation and detailed shots showing the contexts of finds. 5. Organization and storage of material6. Analysis and hypotheses generation and testing7. Publications, museum displays8. Information services for the general public
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ETANA Spaces
1. Geographic distribution of found artifacts2. Temporal dimension (as inferred by
archaeologists) 3. Metric or vector spaces
1. used to support retrieval operations, and to calculate distance (and similarity)
2. used to browse / constrain searches spatially
4. 3D models of the past, used to reconstruct and visualize archaeological ruins
5. 2D interfaces for human-computer interaction
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ETANA Structures
1. Site Organization1. Region, site, partition, sub-partition, locus,
…
2. Temporal orderings (ages, periods)
3. Taxonomies1. for bones, seeds, building materials, …
4. Stratigraphic relationships1. above, beneath, coexistent
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ETANA Streams
1. successive photos and drawings of excavation sites, loci, unearthed artifacts
2. audio and video recordings of excavation activities and discussions
3. textual reports
4. 3D models used to reconstruct and visualize archaeological ruins.
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local schema global schema
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Mapping recommendation
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Mapping confirmation
Mapping history
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36No recommendation for “Tomb_Area”
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37User-decided mapping
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Degree of Structure
Chaotic Organized Structured
Web DLs DBs
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Digital Objects (DOs)
• Born digital
• Digitized version of “real” object– Is the DO version the same, better, or worse?– Decision for ETDs: structured + rendered
• Surrogate for “real” object– Not covered explicitly in metamodel for a
minimal DL– Crucial in metamodel for archaeology DL
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Metadata Objects (MDOs)
• MARC
• Dublin Core
• RDF
• IMS
• OAI (Open Archives Initiative)
• Crosswalks, mappings
• Ontologies
• Topics maps, concept maps
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Databases
• 5S perspective: structures, streams, scenarios
• Extending database technology
• Structured and unstructured info
• Multimedia databases
• Link databases
• Performance, transaction processing
• Replicated storage, rollback/recovery
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User interfaces and visualization
• 2D interfaces
• 3D interfaces
• GIS
• Other paradigms
• Stepping Stones and Pathways– http://fox.cs.vt.edu/SSP/
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Streams
text
audio
image
video digitalobject
Repository
CollectionCatalog
describes
stores
is_version_of/ cites/links_to
Index
Service
Scenario
event
extends
reuses
ServiceManager
Actor
operationexecutes
participates_in
recipient
runs
Scenarios
Societies
inherits_from/includes
association
uses
Topological
ProbabilisticMetric
Measurable
Measure
describes
employsproduces
employsproduces
employs
produces
Structures
Spaces
Vector
contains
metadata specifications
is_a is_a
precedes
happens_before
is_a
redefinesinvokes
contains
contains
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OAI = Technical Umbrella forPractical Interoperability…
ReferenceLibraries
PublishersE-Print
Archives
…that can be exploited by different communities
Museums
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OAI – Repository PerspectiveRequired: Protocol
DODO DO DO
MDO
MDO MDOMDOMDO
MDOMDOMDO
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OAI – Black Box Perspective
OA 1
OA 2
OA 4
OA 3
OA 5OA 6
OA 7
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Goals of Institutional Repositories (by Steven Harnad, U. Southampton) Self Archiving of Institutional ResearchSelf Archiving of Institutional Research
Thesis and Dissertations (VTLS NDLTD Project)Thesis and Dissertations (VTLS NDLTD Project)Article preprints and post printsArticle preprints and post printsInternal documents and mapsInternal documents and maps
Management of digital collectionsManagement of digital collections
Preservation of materials – decentralized approachPreservation of materials – decentralized approach
Housing of teaching materialsHousing of teaching materials
Electronic Publishing of journals, books, posters, maps, Electronic Publishing of journals, books, posters, maps, audio, video and other multimedia objectsaudio, video and other multimedia objects
Adapted from Slide by V. Chachra, VTLS
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Fedora™Repository
E x ter n a lC o n ten tS o u r c e
E x ter n a lC o n ten tS o u r c e
HT
TP
E x ter n a l C o n ten tR etr iev er
X M L F ile s
Re la t io n a l D B
S e s s io n M a n a g e me n tU s e r A u th e n t ic a t io n
P o l icies
U s ers /G ro u p s
H T T P
F T P
D atas tr eam s
D ig ita l O b jec tsS to rag e S u b s ys te m
S e c u rityS u b s ys te m
W e b Se r vi c eE xpo s ur eL aye r
SO
AP
R em o teS er v ic e
L o c alS er v ic e
M an ag e A c c e s s S e arc h O A I P ro v id e r
M an ag e m e n tS u b s ys te m
A c c e s sS u b s ys te m
HT
TP
FT
P
H T T PH T T P S O A P H T T P S O A P H T T P S O A P
C lie n tA pplica t io n
B a tchPro g ra m
S e rv e rA pplica t io n
W e bB ro ws e r
Co mp o n e n t M g mt
O b je c t M g mt
O b je c t Va lid a t io n
P ID Ge n e ra t io n
O b je c t D is s e min a t io n
O b je c t Re fle c t io n
P o lic y En fo rc e me n t
P o lic y M g mt
Co n te n t
Web Service Web Service Exposure Exposure LayerLayer
Adapted from Slide by V. Chachra, VTLS
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Browsing Collaborating Customizing Filtering Providing access Recommending Requesting Searching Visualizing
Annotating Classifying Clustering Evaluating Extracting Indexing
Measuring Publicizing
Rating Reviewing (peer)
Surveying Translating
(language)
Conserving Converting
Copying/Replicating Emulating Renewing
Translating (format)
Acquiring Cataloging
Crawling (focused) Describing Digitizing
Federating Harvesting Purchasing Submitting
Preservational Creational
Add Value
Repository-Building
Information Satisfaction
Services
Infrastructure Services
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Ontology: Applications
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Requirements Analysis Design Implementation Test
5S 5SLOO ClassesWorkflow Components
DLEvaluation
5SGraph 5SLGenFormalTheory/Metamodel
DL XMLLog
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5S MetaModel
5SGraphDL
Expert
DL Designer
5SL DL
Model
5SLGen
Practitioner
Researcher
TailoredDL
Services
Teacher
componentpool
ODLSearch,ODLBrowse,ODLRate,ODLReview,
…….
Requirements (1) Analysis (2)
Implementation (4)
Design (3)
5SGraph 5SGen
Mapping Tool
5SSuite
5SQual
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• Help users model their own instances of a digital library (DL) in the 5S language (5SL).
• A simple modeling process which enables rapid generation of digital libraries
• Features– 5SGraph loads and displays a metamodel in a structured toolbox.– The structured editor of 5SGraph provides a top-down visual
building environment for the DL designer.– 5SGraph produces syntactically correct 5SL files according to the
visual model built by the designer.
5SGraph: A DL Modeling Tool
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Overview of 5SGraph
Workspace
(instance model)
Structured
toolbox
(metamodel)
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5SLGen – Version 2: ODL, Services, Scenarios
5SL-SocietiesModel (1)
XPATH/JDOMTransform (2)
XMI:ClassModel (3)
Xmi2Java (4)
JavaClasses
Model (5)
superclass
DeterministicFSM (10)
SMC (11)
JavaFinite
State MachineClass
Controller (12)
5SL-ScenarioModel (6)
XPath/JDOMTransform (7)
StateChartModel (8)
Scenario Synthesis (9)
ODLSearch
Java
Wrapping
import
ComponentPool
ODLBrowse
Java
Wrapping
import
.
.
.
JSPUser
InterfaceView (13)
Generated DL Services
DLDesigner
DLDesigner
binds
5SLGen
5SL-SocietiesModel (1)
XPATH/JDOMTransform (2)
XMI:ClassModel (3)
Xmi2Java (4)
JavaClasses
Model (5)
superclass
DeterministicFSM (10)
SMC (11)
JavaFinite
State MachineClass
Controller (12)
5SL-ScenarioModel (6)
XPath/JDOMTransform (7)
StateChartModel (8)
Scenario Synthesis (9)
ODLSearch
Java
Wrapping
import
ComponentPool
ODLBrowse
Java
Wrapping
import
.
.
.
ODLSearch
Java
Wrapping
import
ComponentPool
ODLBrowse
Java
Wrapping
import
.
.
.
JSPUser
InterfaceView (13)
Generated DL Services
DLDesigner
DLDesigner
binds
5SLGen
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5SGraph5S Archaeology
MetaModelArchDL Expert ArchDL Designer
Structure Sub-model
ETANA-DLUnion Services
Descriptions
HarvestingMapping
SearchingBrowsing
…
Scenario Sub-model
VN Metadata Format
ETANA-DL Metadata Format
HD Metadata Format
Mapping Tool
Wrapper4VN Wrapper4HD
Inverted Files
Services DB
Index
Index
BrowseService
SearchService
Browse DB
OtherETANA-DL
Services
Web
Interface
XOAI
XOAI
VNCatalog
HDCatalog
UnionCatalog
5SGen
ComponentPool
Browsing…
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NSDL Information ArchitectureEssentially as developed by the Technical Infrastructure Workgroup
referenceditems &
collections
referenceditems &
collections
Special Databases
NSDLServicesNSDL
ServicesOther NSDLServices
CI Services
annotation
CI Services
discussion
CI Services
personalization
CI Services
authentication
CI Services
browsing
Core Services:information retrieval
Core Collection-Building Services
harvesting
Core Collection-Building Services
protocols
Core Services:metadata gathering
Portals &ClientsPortals &
ClientsPortals &Clients
Usage Enhancement
Collection Building
User Interfaces
NSDLCollections
NSDLCollections
NSDLCollections
CoreNSDL“Bus”
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Digital Libraries in Education
• Analytical Survey, ed. Leonid Kalinichenko• © 2003, www.iite-unesco.org, [email protected]• Transforming the Way to Learn• DLs of Educational Resources & Services• Integrated/Virtual Learning Environment• Educational Metadata• Current DLEs: US (NSDL, DLESE, CITIDEL,
NDLTD), Europe (Scholnet, Cyclades), UK (Distributed National Electronic Resource)
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Knowledge Society
HCI
Visualization
Knowledge Management
Systems Analysis & Design
Programming
Database
Algorithms
Architecture
Net-Centricity
Intelligent Systems
Social & Ethical
Library Information Science
Simulation
Chemistry
Biology
Communi-
cations
Healthcare
Art
Music
Marketing
Finance
Modeling
Engineering
Sociology
Psychology
Physics
Architecture
History
Political Science
Geography
Knowledge Society
HCI
Visualization
Knowledge
Systems Analysis & Design
Database
Algorithms
Intelligent Systems
Social & Ethical
Library & Information Science
Economics
Simulation
Chemistry
Biology
Healthcare
Art
Music
Marketing
Finance
Engineering
Sociology
Psychology
Physics
Architecture
History
Political Science
Geography
English
Math
Living In the KnowlEdge Society (LIKES):Core surrounded by enabling concepts, problem providing disciplines
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Objectives – 1 of 3
• Enhance education in the discipline:
– New courses: Living in the Global Knowledge Society, Knowledge Management
– Enhanced courses to be more driven by the LIKES theme: Artificial Intelligence, Data Mining, Digital Libraries, Multimedia/Hypertext/Information Access, …
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Objectives – 2 of 3• Give special attention, inside the discipline and across
disciplines:• to the areas of data, information, and knowledge;• to key concepts and methods, such as:
representation/views search/discovery
inference/decisions comparison/matching
complexity/heuristics analysis/mining
integration/mapping modeling/simulation
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Objectives – 3 of 3
• Engage researchers and teachers and students in the Knowledge Society’s problems, as motivation, orientation, and to help with solutions, e.g.,– Shifting toward digital government, including statutes,
rules, regulations, and procedures;– Handling attacks, including spam and viruses;– Ensuring quality even with disinformation, through
knowledge sourcing, provenance, and sharing of community expertise;
– Ensuring changes through education, that is cross-disciplinary, globally contextualized, based on awareness of human development, learning theory, and cognitive psychology
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Potential Course Areas/Courses• Personal Knowledge Management
– Computer Science and Information Systems, e.g., multi-media, process design and evaluation, and Human-Computer / Human-Information interaction.
– Psychology, e.g., knowledge organization principles, human cognitive processes.– Industrial Systems Engineering, e.g., Ergonomic factors of knowledge environments. – Ethics, e.g., ethical issues of information disclosure.
• Communication and Collaboration– Communications, e.g., Communication using digital visualizations, using knowledge access
in constructing digital messages.– Information Systems and Computer Science, e.g., computer supported cooperative work
and group support systems.– Marketing, e.g., influence of knowledge presentation on on-line customer behavior.
• Organization– Information Systems, e.g., service innovation and development, system design and
development.– Management Science, e.g., decision support systems concepts, capabilities, techniques,
and tools.– Management, Marketing, Accounting, and Finance, e.g., business in the information age.
• Society– Sociology, e.g., impact of knowledge differentials across society and countries.– Political Science, e.g., governmental collection and use of knowledge, impact of technology
on elections and government.
http://www.likes.org.vt.edu/
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A Digital Library Case Study
• Domain: graduate education, research
• Genre:ETDs=electronic theses & dissertations
• Submission: http://etd.vt.edu
• Collection: http://www.theses.org
Project: Networked Digital Library of Theses & Dissertations (NDLTD) http://www.ndltd.org
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• Aiding universities to enhance graduate education, publishing and IPR efforts
• Helping improve the availability and content of theses and dissertations
• Educating ALL future scholars so they can publish electronically and effectively use digital libraries (i.e., are Information Literate and can be more expressive)
What are we doing?
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NDLTD Incorporation
• Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations incorporated May 20, 2003 in Virginia, USA
• Charitable and educational purposes (501 c 3)
• Officers– Executive Director (Ed Fox)– Secretary (Gail McMillan)– Treasurer (Austin McLean)
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UNESCO and ETDs(by Axel Plathe at ETD2003)
• Promoting the use of the Internet as a tool for disseminating scientific knowledge
• Facilitating the transfer of ETD expertise from developed to developing countries
• 1998: Member of the NDLTD Steering Committee• 1999: First UNESCO ETD meeting on ETD
internationalisation
• 2002: “UNESCO Guide to Electronic Theses and Dissertations”
• 2003: Model training programmes and training courses• 2003: Sponsor pilot projects• 2003: Pilot projects (Africa, Europe, Latin-America)
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Why ETD? Short Answer
• For Students:– Gain knowledge and skills for the Information Age– Richer communication (digital information, multimedia, …)
• For Universities: – Easy way to enter the digital library field and benefit
thereby
• For the World: – Global digital library – large, useful, many services
• General:– Save time and money– Increased visibility for all associated with research results
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Moving from a minimal DL towards a DL reference model
Minimal DL DL reference model
(DELOS – EU Network of Excellence on DLs)
Multimedia
Annotation
Knowledge management Practical DL
systems
PIMDL quality
Domain-specific DLs
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Hypothesize Model
a) Traditional research sequence
b) DL-supported research sequence
Collect Data Analyze Results
Test Hypotheses Publish Results
Refine Hypotheses
Identify Scope (Study, Content)
Collect Available Data, Request Added Data
Add to DL: Ontologies, Classifications, Analyses, …
Provide Services: Searching, Browsing, Mining, Visualization, …
Support: Analysis, Synthesis, Collaboration, Hypothesis Testing, …
DLs for Crisis, Tragedy & Recovery
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News
Blogs,Wikis
Web 2.0 Sites
Online Forums
CDDC
Surveys,Interviews,
Submissions
Data Sources
CrawlingIndexingCategorizingData Curation
DL-VT416
Social Tagging
Data Mining
Visualization
Browsing
Searching
Social NetworkAnalysis
Services
Web InterfaceDesktop Client
Specification Through Focus Groups
Sustainability Through Archiving
FederatedAccess, Mapping,Mediating
http://www.dl-vt-416.org/
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Summary
• Digital Libraries• 5S• Archaeology• Education• ETDs• CTR (Crisis, Tragedy & Recovery)