10-1 chapter 10 surveys. 10-2 learning objectives understand... the process for selecting the...
TRANSCRIPT
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10-1
Chapter 10Chapter 10
SurveysSurveys
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10-2
Learning Objectives
Understand . . .• the process for selecting the appropriate and
optimal communication approach • factors affect participation in communication
studies• sources of error in communication studies and
how to minimize them• major advantages and disadvantages of the three
communication approaches• why an organization might outsource a
communication study
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10-3
Exhibit 10-1 Data Collection Approach
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10-4
A Dilemma for Survey Research
• “The ubiquity of cell phones and the rapid and continuing development of the Internet have completely altered the way we talk to each other, the way marketers talk to customers, the way customers shop, and the way the media research their audiences.” Alain Tessier, MRI
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10-5
Exhibit 10-2 Selecting a Communication Data Collection Approach
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10-6
Communication Approach
Strengths• Versatility• Efficiency• Geographic coverage
Weaknesses• Error
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10-7
Exhibit 10-3 Sources of Error
ErrorSources
Measurement Questions
Interviewer
Participant
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10-8
Exhibit 10-4 Participant Motivation
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10-9
Response Terms
Non contact rate
Refusal rate
Incidence rate
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10-10
Communication Approaches
Self-Administered
Survey
Survey via PersonalInterview
TelephoneSurvey
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10-11
Self-Administered Surveys
Disk-by-MailDisk-by-Mail
InterceptIntercept
ModesModes
Drop-offDrop-off
CASI
FaxFax
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10-12
Self-Administered Surveys
AnonymityAnonymity
Topic Coverage
Topic Coverage
SystematicSystematic
Sample Accessibility
Sample Accessibility
Costs
Time Constraints
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10-13
Designing Questionnaires using the TDM
Easy to readEasy to read
Offer clear directionsOffer clear directions
Include personalizationInclude personalization
Notify in advanceNotify in advance
Encourage responseEncourage response
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10-14
Options forWeb-based Surveys
Surveying Software
Fee-BasedService
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10-15
Advantages of Surveying Software
• Questionnaire design in word processing environment
• Question and scale libraries
• Automated publishing to the Web
• Real-time viewing of incoming data
• Rapid transmission of results
• Flexible analysis and reporting mechanisms
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10-16
Exhibit 10-6 The Web as a Survey Research Venue
Advantages• Cost savings• Short turnaround• Use of visual stimuli• Access to participants • Perception of
anonymity• Access to data and
experiences otherwise unavailable
Disadvantages• Recruitment• Coverage• Difficulty developing
probability samples• Technical skill• System compatibility
issues• Possible self-
selection bias
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10-17
Advantages of Self-Administered Study
• Allows contact with inaccessible participants
• Incentives increase response rates
• Lowest-cost option• Geographic coverage• Minimal staff required• Perceived as
anonymous
• Allows participants time for reflection
• Allows for complex questions
• Rapid data collection possible
• Visuals possible• Multiple sampling
frames possible
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10-18
Disadvantages of Self-Administered Study
• Low response rates in some modes
• No interviewer intervention
• Cannot be too long• Cannot be too
complex• Requires accurate list
• Skewed responses by extremists
• Participant anxiety possible
• Directions necessary• Need for low-
distraction environment
• Security
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10-19
Improving Response Rates
• Advance notification
• Reminders
• Return directions and devices
• Monetary incentives
• Deadlines
• Promise of anonymity
• Appeal for participation
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10-20
Telephone Survey
Traditional
CATI systems
Computer-administered
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10-21
Advantages of the Telephone Survey
• Lower costs than personal interview
• Expanded geographic coverage
• Use of few interviewers
• Reduced interviewer bias
• Fast completion time• Better access to
some participants• Random dialing
possible• CATI possible
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10-22
Disadvantages of the Telephone Survey
• Lower response rate than personal interview
• Higher costs if interviewing geographically dispersed sample
• Interview length limited
• Unlisted phone numbers/ Call screening
• Some unavailable by phone
• Unit-nonresponse• Lack of visuals
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10-23
Survey via Personal Interviews
InterceptCAPI
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10-24
Personal Survey
Advantages• Good cooperation rates• Interviewer can probe
and explain• Visual aids possible• Illiterate participants can
be reached• Interviewer can prescreen• CAPI possible
Disadvantages• High costs• Need for highly trained
interviewers• Time consuming• Labor-intensive• Some unwilling to invite
strangers into homes• Interviewer bias possible
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10-25
Key Terms
• Communication approach
• Computer-administered telephone survey
• Computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI)
• Computer-assisted self interview (CASI)
• Disk-by-mail survey• Computer-assisted
telephone interviewing (CATI)
• Intercept interview• Interviewer error• Mail survey• Noncontact rate• Nonresponse error
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10-26
Key Terms (cont.)
• Panel• Personal interview• Random dialing• Refusal rate• Response error
• Self-administered survey• Survey• Telephone interview• Web-based
questionnaire