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Page 1: jimlaiplus.appspot.comjimlaiplus.appspot.com/OSA-UCS/mmath.pdf · +10 2 / 354 687:9; =@?a7 bdcfehgjilkmi npo gqilgqrsclgjt cluvcfepgxwyrhkmz[g o i\kmc 4 u$]_^ `cfg ola ubu
Page 2: jimlaiplus.appspot.comjimlaiplus.appspot.com/OSA-UCS/mmath.pdf · +10 2 / 354 687:9; =@?a7 bdcfehgjilkmi npo gqilgqrsclgjt cluvcfepgxwyrhkmz[g o i\kmc 4 u$]_^ `cfg ola ubu

��� ������� ��� ������� ����������������� ������ � !"�#���$�&% ���$'

)('�

* +-, % '���.���/� ����������� +10 �2/���

354

687:9 ; <>=@?A7

BDCFEHGJILKMINPO GQILGQRSCLGJT�CLUVCFEPGXWYRHKMZ[G O I\KMC 4 U$]_^�`�CFG OLa UbU

KcRd]fe aMgPach GJR5CiU$]_CFEPGCFEHGJILKMI O GJjSePK O G h GQRSC)]fU O CLEPG@TPGJk O GJGXU$]

l `$I\CLG O U$] l `�CLEPG h `�CFKMmJIKcR

n U hoN eHCFG Oqp mJKcGQRPmJG

^�`�CFG OLa UbUPrPstR5CF` O KMUPr n `$RP`$Tu`Hr8vxw$wHv

my{z$K h ^}|�~�`$K2vxw$wHv

� K��

Page 3: jimlaiplus.appspot.comjimlaiplus.appspot.com/OSA-UCS/mmath.pdf · +10 2 / 354 687:9; =@?a7 bdcfehgjilkmi npo gqilgqrsclgjt cluvcfepgxwyrhkmz[g o i\kmc 4 u$]_^ `cfg ola ubu

� EPG O G 354 TPGQm a ` O GtCFEu`�C � ` h CLEPG@ILU a G@`$eHCLEPU O U$]_CFEPKMI/CFEPGQILKMIJ|� `$eHCLEPU O K��JG CLEPG�WYRPK Z[G O ILK C 4 U$]�^'`�CLG O\a UbU CFU a GQRPT#CLEPKcI CLEPGJI\KcItCFU�U$CLEPG O KMRPI\CLKMCFe.CFKcU$RPI

U O KcRPTHKMZbKcTPeP` a I�]fU O CFEPG N e O\N U$ILG@U$] ILm EPU a ` OLa 4 O GJILGJ` O m E |

� ]fe O CFEHG O `�eHCFEPU O K��QGXCLEPG W RPKMZ$G O ILKMC 4 U$]�^'`�CLG O\a UbU CLU O G NPO UbTPePmQG CLEPKcI)CFEPGQILKMI 354 N EPU��CFUbmJU N 4 KcRPkXU O 354 U$CLEPG O h G `$RPIQrSKcR CFU$CF` a U O KcR N ` O C rb`�C CLEPG O GJjSePGQI\C�U$] U�CFEPG O KMRPI\CLKMCFe.CFKcU$RPIU O KcRPTHKMZbKcTPeP` a I�]fU O CFEPG N e O\N U$ILG@U$] ILm EPU a ` OLa 4 O GJILGJ` O m E |

� KcK��

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� EHG WYRHKMZ[G O I\KMC 4 U$]�^�`�CLG OLa U.U O GJjSePK O GJI CFEPGXILKMk[Ru`�CLe O GQIYU$] ` acaAN G O ILU[RHIqePI\KcRPkoU O)N EPU��CFUbmJU N 4 KcRPkVCLEPKcI/CLEPGJI\KcIJ|�� a GJ`$ILG@I\Kck[R 3 G a U��@r�`$RHT k$KMZ[GX`$THT O GQILIY`$RPT Tu`�CFG�|

� KcKMK �

Page 5: jimlaiplus.appspot.comjimlaiplus.appspot.com/OSA-UCS/mmath.pdf · +10 2 / 354 687:9; =@?a7 bdcfehgjilkmi npo gqilgqrsclgjt cluvcfepgxwyrhkmz[g o i\kmc 4 u$]_^ `cfg ola ubu

����������� �

� EHG�KcR5C O UbTPePmQCLKcU[R U$] mQU a U$e O CFUoCLEPGXmJU h�N eHCLKcRPk�GJR5ZbK O U[R h GJR5Ct` aMa U��)I `$TPTPK CFKMU[Ru` a KMR �]fU OLh `�CFKMU[R'CFU 3 G NPO UxZbKcTPGQT CLU#CLEPG�ePILG O | � EHG O G�` O G RHU[R5C O K ZbK�` a/NHO U 3 a G h I �)EPKcm E m `$RU.mQmJe O �)EPGQR�ePI\G O Iq` O GX` aMa U��>GJTdCFU ILG a GQmQC CFEPG@mJU a U[e O IiCFU 3 GXePI\GJTA| n e OLO GJR5Ct` NPNPO U[`$m EPGJICFU CFEHKcI NHO U 3 a G h Eu` Z[G h `��\U O T O ` � 3 `$m��SIQ| � EPG O GdG��.KMI\CFIVKMR�CFEHG�` O C ��U O\a T�` 3 UbT 4 U�]�bRHU � a GJTPk$G�mQU h�N U[I\GJT U$]>ILG h K � ` a k[U O K CFE h Kcm h GQCLEPUbTPI ]fU O m EPUbU[ILKMRPk `dILGQCXU$]�mQU a U[e O IJr�`mJU a U[e O ILm EHG h G$r5CFEu`�C>KMI 3 U�CFE Eu` O\h U[RHKcU[ePI2`$RPT NPa GJ`$ILKMRPkP| � EPKcI��SRPU�� a GQTPk[G)Eu`$I 4 G C>CLU 3 GILKck$RPK g mJ`$R5C a 4 KcRHmJU O\N U O `�CFGQT-KMR TPKck[K C ` a CFUbU a I ]fU O mQU a U[e O ILG a GJm CFKcU$RA| B NPO U$CFU$C 4 N G ` NPNPa K �m `�CLKcU[R CFU G�� NHa U O G CFEHG NPO U 3 a G h U$] ILG a GJm CFKMRPk ` mQU a U$e O I\m EPG h G�CLEu`�C KMI 3 U$CFE�]fePRPmQCLKcU[RP` a`$RPT�`$GJI CFEPG CFKcmJ` aca 4 NHa G `�ILKcRHk CLUVCFEPG@ePI\G O �/`�IYTPGQILKMk[RPGJT�`$RPT K h�NPa G h GJR5CFGQTA|BYR-G OLO U O � CFU a G O `�RSC m ` a K 3 O `�CFKMU[R h U.THG a ` NHNPa KMGJT CFUdCLEPG mJU a U[e O n�� � h U$RPKMCLU O ` aMa U��)I

m ` a K 3 O `�CFGQTomQU a U[e O CLU 3 G NHO GJI\GJR5CFGQT �)KMCFE h UbTPG O `�CLG NHO GJmQKcI\KcU[RoU[R I a Kck$ESC a 4 h KMILm ` a K 3 O `�CLGJTh U[RHKMCFU O IJ| p K h e a `�CFKcU$R U$] m ` a K 3 O `�CFGQTVmJU a U[e O ` aMa U��)I�CFEHG G�� GQmQCLKMZ[G NPO GJILGQR5C `�CLKcU[R�U$] mJU a U[e OI N `$mQGJI �)KMCLE�`VmJU a U O K h G C O KMm 3 `$ILKMIJ| � C)KMI/E 4 N U$CLEPGJI\K��JGQT CLEu`�C)mQU a U[e O KcRP`$mJmQe O `$mQKcGQIiTPePG CFUKcRPmQU OLO GJmQCYm ` a K 3 O `�CLKcU[R�` O G I\K h K a ` O CLUoCFEHU[ILGXm `$eHILGJT 3S4 m Eu`�RPk[GJIYKcR K aMa e h KcRu`�CFKcU$R KcR O GJ` a��U O\a T�ILK CFeu`�CFKcU$RPIJru`�RPT�m `$R�CFESePIY` O G@mQU hoN GJRHIF`�CLGJT�]fU O 354 CFEPG@ESe h `$R�Z.KMILeu` a I 4 I\CLG h |

� EHG s p B n U a U$e O p 4 I\CLG h KcI NPO U N U[ILGQT `$I ` 3 `$ILKMIi]fU O CFEPGXILG a GQmQCFKMU[R U$]�EP` OLh U[RPKMU[ePImJU a U[e O I\m EPG h GJIQr�`$ItK CFI I C O ePmQCLe O G KcI ` h GQRu` 3 a G�CFU CLEPG G�� NPa U O `�CLKcU[R�U$]�mJU a U[e O O G a `�CFKcU$R �ILEPK N I `$RPT mJU a U[e O Eu` OLh U[R 4 |

� O U$e N CFEHGJU O 4 KMIqePI\GJT1KMR�CFEHG�m O G `�CLKcU[R�U$] ` I\K h�NPa GX`$RPT�KcR5CFePK CFK Z[GXKcR5CFG O ] `$mQG ]fU O CFEPGNPO U$CLU$C 4 N G�` NPNPa KMm `�CLKcU[R r s p B � a `�RPG p KMk[E5C | � EPG h G O KMCFI�U$] KMCFIX]fe O CLEPG O ` NPNPa KMm `�CLKcU[R-KcRCFEPG@mJU$RPI\C O ePm CFKcU$R�U$] ePI\G O KcR5CFG O ] `$mQGJI ` O G ` a ILU G�� NHa U O GJTA|

� K ZH�

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���������������� ��� �� ���

l 4 k O `�CLKMCFeHTPGok$U.GQI CFU���K aMa n U��/`$R ]fU O ILe N G O ZbKcI\KcRPk�CLEPKcI@CFEHGJILKMIV`$RPT�U � G O KMRPk�I\e NPN U O C`$RPT `$THZbKMmJG$| � ` a I\U CFEu`$R � h 4 O GJ`$TPG O IJr_z$U[EHR��>G `�C\C 4 r�� G O Kcm���^�UbUbTAr8`$RPT��Y`$RPI � � G CFG Op GJKMTPG a rH]fU O CFEHGJK O mQU h�h GQRSCLI)`$RPT�`$THZbKcmQG$|� KcRu`$RHmJK�` a I\e NPN U O C �/`$I NPO UxZbKcTPGQT 354 CFEHG��q`�CFKcU$Ru` a�p mJKMGJRPmQGd`$RPT�� RPk[KMRPGJG O KMRPk � G �

ILG ` O m E n U$ePRPmJK a U$] n `$Ru`$Tu`.r.`�I �>G aMa `$I � � �in�� � �in `$RPT CFEPG n U h�N eHCLG O � O ` N EPKMmJI ~�` 3 U��O `�CLU O 4 U$]uCLEPGiWYRHKMZ[G O I\KMC 4 U$]u^'`�CFG O\a UbUP|��q` O T �/` O G ��`$I NPO U ZbKMTPGJT 354 B NPNPa G n U O\N U O `�CLKcU[R`$RPT � Kck[K C ` a � a GQmQC O U[RPKMm n U OLN U O `�CFKcU$RA|

� ��U[e a T ` a ILU a K �$G CFU)CFEP`$R �tCFEPG h KcILmQG aMa `$R 4 U�] N GQU NPa G �)EHUqEPG acN GJT h G KcR h 4 O GQILGJ` O m EAr` h U$RPk�CFEHG h CFEPG h G h 3 G O I U$]iCLEPG n U h�N eHCFG O � O ` N EHKcmJI�~�` 3 `$RPT'CLEPGdTPG N ` O C h GQRSCF` aILGJm O G C ` O KcGJIQr.]fU O 3 GJKcRHkXCLEPG O G �)EPGQR � RPGJGQTPGJT�`�ILILKMI\CF`$RPmJG�| B ]fU$RPT CFEP`$R �SI>CLU CFEHGqRSe h 3 G OCFE O GJG$r �)K CFEPU$eHC �)EPKcm E a K ]fG �>U[e a T Eu` Z[G 3 GJGJR h U O GtTPK"!�mJe a C |

� TPGJTHKcm `�CFG CFEHKcI/CFEHGJILKMIiCFU h 4 ] `�CFEPG O r h 4 h U$CLEPG O rP`$RHT h 4 3 O U�CFEPG O r �)EPU ILG C h GtU[RCFEPG O KMk[E5C N `�CLEA|

� ZH�

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� � ���� ���� �

� v[v/KMI�` O GJk$KcI\CLG O GJT�C O `$TPG h ` O �tU$] l `�ILIF`�m EbeHILILG CLCLI � RPI CFK CFeHCLG�U$] � GJm EHRPU a U$k 4 | l `$mJKMR5CFU[I\EKcI@` O GJk$KcI\CLG O GJT C O `�TPG h ` O ��U$]>B NPNPa G n U hoN eHCFG O r � RPm$| �_U �>G O � U[KMR5C KcI@` C O `$TPG h ` O ��U�]l Kcm O U[I\U$] C n U OLN U O `�CFKMU[RA|B aca U$CLEPG OXNPO U.TPeHmQCFI h GJR5CFKMU[RPGJT#KcR CFEHKcItCFEPGQILKMI�` O GVC O `�TPG h ` O �SIXU$]�CLEPGJK OtO GQI N GJmQCLKMZ$G

mJU h�N `$RPKMGJIQ| � EPGoePILG U$])k[GJRHG O ` a TPGQILm O K N CFKMZ$G Ru` h GQIJr�C O `$TPGoRu` h GJIQr�C O `$TPG h ` O �bIQr `$RPTO GJk$KcI\CLG O GJT C O `$TPG h ` O �SIJrAKMR�CFEPKMI N e 3 a KMm `�CLKcU[RAr�G Z[GJR#KM]�CFEPG�]fU OLh G O ` O G RPU�C KcTHGJR5CFK g GJTAr KcIRPU$C2CLU 3 G/CF` �$GQR�CLU h GJ`$R CFEu`�C ILePm E�Ru` h GJI h ` 4�3 G/ePI\GJT ] O GQG a 4�354 `$R 4 U$RPG$| � U O ILEHU[e a TePRPKcR5CLGJR5CFKMU[Ru` a U h KcI\ILKcU$RPI U O KMRu`$mJmQe O `�mJKcGQI�KMRXCLEPKcI ILGJm CFKMU[R 3 G>C ` �$GJR CFU h G `$RXCFEu`�C�mQG O CF`$KcRRu` h GJI ` O GtRHU$C)C O `�TPGtRu` h GJIQrPC O `�TPG h ` O �SIQruU OiO GQk[KcI CFG O GJT�C O `$TPG h ` O �bIQ|

� ZbK��

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� �����������

� �� ������������������� �v$|Mv l U$CFK Z$`�CFKcU$R�� � �!� �"�!� �!� � �!� �!� � � � � �!� �!� � �!� �!�"� �!� � � vv$|$# sqZ$G O ZbKMG �%�!� � �!� �"�!� �!� � �!� �!� � � � � �!� �!� � �!� �!�"� �!� � � &

' (!��)*���+�-,. /�0��1+23�� ���24��56,7�82 9#b|Mv � EHG �_G O mJG N CFKcU$R�U$] n U a U$e O � � �!� �!� � � � � �!� �!� � �!� �!�"� �!� � � :#b|$# n U a U[e O WYIF`�k[G�; � ePRPm CFKcU$Ru` a K C 4=<?>?@ BqGQI\CFEHGQCFKMmJIBA � �!� � �!� �!�"� �!� � � w#b|C& B � O K h G O U[R n U a U[e O �q` OLh U[R 4 � �!� � � � � �!� �!� � �!� �!�"� �!� � � v[v#b|ED n U a U[e Oip G a GJmQCLKcU[Rd]fU O CLEPG n `$ILeP` a WYILG O � � � �!� �!� � �!� �!�"� �!� � � v�&

F G-24H/2I�����KJ�2ML��+��56,7�82ONP���+2I)RQ �IS&.|Mv � R5C O UbTPePmQCLKcU[R%� �!� �"�!� �!� � �!� �!� � � � � �!� �!� � �!� �!�"� �!� � � vxw&.|$# ~8KMk[E5C)`$RPT p e O ] `$mJGQI �!� �!� � �!� �!� � � � � �!� �!� � �!� �!�"� �!� � � vxw&.|C& � O `�ILI h `$RPRUT I)~�` �)I �!� �!� � �!� �!� � � � � �!� �!� � �!� �!�"� �!� � � #.v&.|ED s R � O KcI CFK h e a eHIWV�` a eHGJIJr n U a U[e O l `�CFm EHGJIJr `$RPT n U a U[e O � K � G O GJRHmJG0� � � #�&&.|$X W RPKM]fU OLh n U a U[e O p.N `$mQGJI�!� � �!� �!� � � � � �!� �!� � �!� �!�"� �!� � � #$w

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&.|C: n U a U[e O n U[RPI\CF`$RPm 4 `�RPT p e O ] `�mJG � G O mJG N CFKMU[R �!� �!� � �!� �!�"� �!� � � &8&&.|�� � G��PGJmQCLKMZ$G n U a U[e O p 4 I CFG h I � �!� �!� � � � � �!� �!� � �!� �!�"� �!� � � & X&.|�� � EHG�s p B W RPKM]fU O\h n U a U[e O)p 4 I CFG h � � � � �!� �!� � �!� �!�"� �!� � � &��

� (!,7)���/��, ��2I�%(!��)*���+� �� 0��1�2� � � ��Q���, ������ %(!G�� ��9DH|Mv � R5C O UbTPePmQCLKcU[R%� �!� �"�!� �!� � �!� �!� � � � � �!� �!� � �!� �!�"� �!� � � D :DH|$# � EHG p Eu`$TPU�� h `$I � n�� � �!� � �!� �!� � � � � �!� �!� � �!� �!�"� �!� � � D��DH|C& n U a U[e O n�� � n ` a K 3 O `�CFKMU[R � � �!� �!� � � � � �!� �!� � �!� �!�"� �!� � � D5wDH|ED � ` h�h ` n U OLO GJmQCLKcU[RU; ` l U.TPG a �:TPG N GJRPTHGJR5C n ` a K 3 O `�CLKcU[R l GQCFEHU.T �!� � � X8#DH|$X n ` a K 3 O `�CLKcU[R p K h e a `�CFKMU[R `�RPT l KcILmJ` a K 3 O `�CFKcU$R�� � GQmQCLI � �!� �!�"� �!� � � X�:

� � ��������� 1+24� � � ,7 �� �? ���24� 5 ,7�82�� 2IQ ���� S 'Xb|Mv � R5C O UbTPePmQCLKcU[R%� �!� �"�!� �!� � �!� �!� � � � � �!� �!� � �!� �!�"� �!� � � w #Xb|$# � EHG l `$mJKMRSCLU[ILE�WYI\G O � R5CFG O ] `$mJG � ePKcTHG a KMRPGJI%� �!� �!� � �!� �!�"� �!� � � w8&Xb|C& � EHG � R5CLG O `�mQCFKMU[R ��` O `$TPKck h � �!� �!� � � � � �!� �!� � �!� �!�"� �!� � � w�DXb|ED � O U$e N � EPGJU O 4 KcR�` �YeHCLILEPG aca �!� �!� � � � � �!� �!� � �!� �!�"� �!� � � w��Xb|$X � O U$e N � EPGJU O 4 `$RPTdCFEHG � R5CLG O ] `�mJG � � � � � �!� �!� � �!� �!�"� �!� � � w��Xb|C: � RHKMCFKc` a � h�NPa G h GJR5C `�CLKcU[R U$] CLEPG � R5CFG O ] `$mJG � � �!� �!� � �!� �!�"� �!� � � v�� #Xb|�� n `�ILeu` a W ILG O � GJI N U$RPILG �!� � �!� �!� � � � � �!� �!� � �!� �!�"� �!� � � v���D

9 (!�� �� )R��Q �*�� ��� �:.|Mv �2Z�` a eu`�CFKMU[R0� � �!� �"�!� �!� � �!� �!� � � � � �!� �!� � �!� �!�"� �!� � � v����:.|$# s N GJR"! ePGJI CFKcU$RPI � �"�!� �!� � �!� �!� � � � � �!� �!� � �!� �!�"� �!� � � v[v��

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CFUoCLEPG�eHILG O | � �>UdmJU hoh U[R�` NPNPa Kcm `�CFKcU$RPIiU$] mQU a U[e O ` O GXCLU a U.mJ`�CFGXKcRH]fU OLh `�CFKMU[R O ` N KcT a 4`$RPT-CLU O G a `�CFG �)KMTPG a 4 ILG N ` O `�CLGJT N KcGQmJGJIXU$]�KcRH]fU O\h `�CFKcU$RA| n U a U$e O m `$R-` a I\U 3 G�ePILGQT-CFUTPKcI CFKcRHk[ePKcI\E N U[ILI\K 3 a 4 ` h 3 KMk[ePU[ePI KcR5CFG O ] `$mQGJI 354 NPO UxZbKcTPKMRPk�THKcI\CLKcRPm C�ZbKcG �)KcRPk�mJU[R5CFG��bCFIJ|� EPG O G�` O G RPU[R5C O KMZbK�` a$NPO U 3 a G h I �)EPKcm E U.mQmJe O �)EPGQR CLEPG>eHILG O KcI�` aca U��>GJT@CFU TPGQCLG O\h KMRPG2CFEPGm EPU[KcmQG U�]2mJU a U[e O IiCFU 3 GXePILGQT�]fU O ILeHm E N e OLN U[I\GJIJ| � EHGJILG NPO U 3 a G h I)Eu` Z[G U[R a 4 O GQmJGJR5C a 43 GQk[ePR1CFU 3 GV`$TPT O GJI\ILGQTA| � EPU$ePk[E-s p B � a `$RPG p Kck$ESCqTPUbGJItRPU$Ct`�CLCLG h�N C CFU O GJI\U a Z$G�CFEPGmJU[R �PKcmQCLI�GQRPmJU[eHRSCLG O GJT KcRoCLEPG I\G a GQmQCLKcU[R U�]8mJU a U[e O r.K C�mJ`$R 3 GYePILGQT�`$I�CLEPG 3 `�ILKcI>]fU O CLU.U a I

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CFEu`�C)THUP|�Y` OLh U[RPKMU[ePIYmJU a U[e O I\m EPG h GJI@` O GV`$GQI\CLEPGQCLKcm ` aca 4 NPa G `$I\KcRPk ILGQCLItU$] mJU a U[e O I m EPU[I\GJR1CFU

`$mJmQU hoh UbTu`�CFG@CFEHG NPO G ]fG O GJRPmQGJI@U$] CFEHG ePILG O | � EPG NHO U 3 a G h U$] ILG a GQmQCFKMRPkd` EP` OLh U[RPKMU[ePImJU a U[e O I\m EPG h G Eu`�I 3 GQGJR �>G aca � I CFePTPKMGJTA| n GJR5CFe O KcGQIVU$])G�� N G O KcGJRHmJG �)KMCLE'mJU a U[e O TPGJI\Kck[R`$RPT mJU a U[e O Eu` O\h U[R 4 KcR-CFEPGd` O C �>U O\a T Eu` Z[G NHO UbTPePmJGQT h `�R 4 ePI\GQ]fe a k$GJRPG O ` a K�� `�CFKcU$RPI` 3 U$eHCXmJU a U[e O ILm EPG h G�ILG a GQmQCFKMU[RA| p U h G�U�]�CFEHGJILG g RPTPKMRPk[IXEu` Z[G 3 GQGJR�KMRPmJU OLN U O `�CLGJT#KcRTPKck[K C ` a CFUbU a I ]fU O CFEPGYILG a GJm CFKMU[RoU�]8KcRPTHKMZbKcTPeP` a mJU a U[e O I�`$RHT U$]8mQU a U$e O ILm EPG h GQIJr 3 e.C h eHm EO G h `$KMRPIiCFU 3 G�THU[RPG$| l `�R 4 mQe OLO GJR5CtmJU a U[e O I\G a GQmQCLKcU[R CFUbU a Ii]fU aMa U�� CLEPG N ` O `$THKck h CLEu`�C` mJU a U[e O KcI CFU 3 GYILG a GJm CFGQTdKcRPTPK ZbKcTPeu` aca 4 354 CLEPGqeHILG O �)KMCLEPU[eHC>mJU[RHILKcTHG O KMRPk NHa `$mQG h GJR5C�U�]CFEPG@mJU a U[e O KMR CFEPG@KMRSCLGJRPTHGJT ` NPNPa KMm `�CLKcU[R mJU[R5CFG��bC |

n U a U[e O ILG a GQmQCFKMU[R-CLU.U a I@m `$R NPO GQILGJR5CVmQU a U$e O IXU[R'mQU hoN eHCFG O � mQU[R5C O U aca GJT h U[RHKMCFU O I@KcRCFG O\h I@U$]��>G aca � I CFePTPKMGJT mJU a U[e O I 4 I\CFG h IQ| n U hoN e.CFG O mQU[R5C O U aca GQT h U[RHKMCFU O It` aMa U�� mJU a U O K �h G C O KMm ` aMa 4 NPO GJmQKcILGqmJU a U[e O/O GJRPTPK CFKMU[R �)EPGQR�CLEPG h U[RPKMCLU O Eu`$I 3 GJGQR NHO U N G O\a 4 m ` a K 3 O `�CFGQTA|� EPG EPKMk[E a 4 mQU[R5C O U aca GJT mQU[RPTPK CFKcU$RPI O GJjSePK O GJT ]fU O `$mQmJe O `�CFG mJ` a K 3 O `�CFKcU$Ro` O Gq] ` O CFUbU I C O KMR �k[GJR5C_CFU 3 G�` NPNPa KcGQT KMR k[GQRPG O ` a ePILG�| � 4 ` NHNPa 4 KcRHkY`�R�G O\O U O �:CLU a G O `$R5C�m ` a K 3 O `�CLKcU[R h U.THG a CFUCFEPG)mJU a U[e O h U[RPK CFU O r5` NPNHO U �.K h `�CFG a 4 � mJ` a K 3 O `�CLGJT mJU a U[e O m `�R 3 G NPO GQILGJR5CLGJT G�� GQmQCFK Z[G a 4 U[Rh U[RHKMCFU O I2]fU O �)EPKMm EoCFEHGYmJ` a K 3 O `�CLKcU[RVKMI RPU$C NPO G ZbKcU[ePI a 4 �SRPU��)RA| � EPGYK h�NPa G h GQR5C `�CLKcU[R U�]G OLO U O � CFU a G O `$R5C�mJ` a K 3 O `�CLKcU[R NPO GJILGQR5CFGJT EPG O G/CF` �$GQI `$THZ�`$R5C `�k[G/U$]�mQU a U[e O mQU[RPI\CF`$RPm 4 r �)EPKMm EKcI�CLEPG@` 3 K a KMC 4 U�]_CLEPG ESe h `$R�U 3 I\G O Z$G O CFU! mJU O\O GJm C#" ]fU O mJU a U[e O KMRu`$mQmJe O `$mJKMGJIiKcR ` ILmJGQRPG$|n ` a K 3 O `�CLKcU[R�` aMa U��)IiCFEPGXePI\G�U$]�mJU a U O K h G C O KMm I N `$mJGQIJr ePRPKM]fU OLh mQU a U[e O I N `$mQGJI KMR N ` O �

CFKcmQe a ` O | � EPG s p B � s N CFKMm ` a p U.mQKcGQC 4 U$]/B h G O KcmJ`5� n U a U[e OXp 4 I\CLG h r2`dePRPK ]fU OLh mJU a U[e OI N `$mQG$r KcI ePILGQT�EPG O G KcR `�R'KcR5Z[GQI\CLKck5`�CLKcU[R�U$]iCFEPG NPO U 3 a G h I�KMRPEPG O GJR5CVKMR'K h�NPa G h GJR5CFKMRPk`�CFUbU a ]fU O CFEHG ILG a GJm CFKMU[R U$])mJU a U[e O ]fU O ` mQU a U$e O I\m EPG h G CFU 3 G ePI\GJT�U[R�`�mQU h�N eHCFG O �mJU[R5C O U aca GJT'THKcI NHa ` 4 | � EPG O G�` O GdI\GQZ$G O ` a `$THZ�`$R5C `$k$GJI CFU1eHILKcRHk1ePRPKM]fU OLh mJU a U[e O I N `$mQGJIJrN ` O CLKcmQe a ` O\a 4 CLEPG@s p B n U a U[e Oip 4 I\CLG h | l U[I CiK h�N U O C `�RSC a 4 rbTHKcI\CF`$RPmQGJI 3 GQC �>GJGQR mQU a U$e O IKcR CFEHGiI N `$mQG ` NPNPO U �.K h `�CLG>CLEPG N G O mQGJKMZ$GJT�mJU a U[e O THK � G O GQRPmJGQI KcR ` ePRPK ]fU OLh mJU a U[e O I N `$mQG$r

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`$RPT CFEHG@` OLO `$RPk[G h GQRSC/U$]8CFEPGtIL` h�NPa GQI/KcR CLEPGXs p B n U a U[e O/p 4 I\CFG h KcI/` h GQRu` 3 a GYCLU�CFEPGG�� NPa U O `�CLKcU[R�`$RHT�I\G a GQmQCLKcU[R�U$]�` �)KcTPGtZ�` O KMGQC 4 U$]2Eu` OLh U[RPKcU$ePI/mJU a U[e O ILm EPG h GQIJ|

� O U$e N CLEPGJU O 4 KcI�ePI\GJT THe O KMRPk CLEPG#K h�NPa G h GQRSCF`�CFKMU[R{U$] ` mQU h�N `$mQC KMRSCLG O ] `$mJG1]fU Os p B � a `$RPG p Kck[E5C�`�I�` k[eHKcTPG�]fU O TPGJmQKcTPKMRPk �)Eu`�C�mQU[R5C O U a I�`$RPT U N G O `�CFKMU[RPI CLU�` aca U �CFEPG ePI\G O | � 4 ePILKMRPk�k O U[e N CLEPGJU O 4 CFU h U.THG a ` ePI\G O KcR5CFG O `$m CFKcU$RArYK CdKcI N U[I\ILK 3 a G CFU` OLO KMZ[G�`�C `dk O U[e N U O ILGQC U$]>k O U$e N I@CFEu`�C O G `$m EHGJI ` aca I C `�CLGJIXKcR#` h KcRHK h ` a RSe h 3 G O U�]TPKcI CFKcRHmQC)U N G O `�CFKMU[RPIJ| s 3 ILG O Z�`�CFKMU[RPI)U$]_I 4 h�h G C O KMGJIiKMR�CLEPG@I\CF`�CFGQIY`�RPT�I\C `�CFGtC O `$RPILK CFKMU[RPI` O G�GJRPmQU[e O `�k[GJTA| � EHKcI KMI K hoN U O CF`$R5C KMR KMRSCLG O `$mQCLKcU[RPI �)EPKcm E mQU[R5C `$KMR a ` O k[G RSe h 3 G O IU$]qI C `�CLGJIQ| s N G O `�CLU O I �)EHKcm E CF` �$G `$T.Z$`�RSCF`$k[G�U$]qILePm E I 4 hoh GQC O KMGJIVCFGQRPT CLU 3 G h U O GmJU h�N `$m Cq`�RPT�KMRSCLePKMCLKMZ$G CFEu`$R�` O 3 KMC O ` O 4 U N G O `�CLU O IQr ` aca U �)KMRPk CFEHG mQU[RPI\C O ePm CFKMU[R�U�] h U O GG `$I\K a 4 �:ePILGQT1KcR5CFG O ] `$mQGJIJ| � R `$THTPKMCLKcU[RAr KcR5CFG O ] `$mQGJI �)K CFE ]fG ��G O mJU[R5C O U a I CFGQRPT1CFU NPO U h U�CFG] `$I\CLG O ] ` h K a Kc` O K C 4 `$RPT O GQjbeHK O G a GJILI�I\m O GQGJR I N `$mQG�]fU O KMR5CFG O `$mQCLKcU[R | � R K aMa ePI C O `�CFKcU$RArJI\GQZ[G O ` aU N G O `�CLKcU[RHI)` O GtTPG h U$RPI\C O `�CLGJT�CFU 3 G@GJ`$ILK a 4 h UbTPG aMa GJTdeHRPTPG O k O U[e N CFEHGJU O 4 |

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� R n Eu` N CFG O #br>mQU a U[e O KcIVKcR.]fU OLh ` aca 4 KcR5C O U.THePmJGQTA| n U a U[e O r �)EPGJR ePILGQT NPO U N G OLa 4 r�m `$RILKck$RPK g mJ`$R5C a 4 GJRHEu`$RPmQG>CFEHG�jSeu` a KMC 4 U$]P`)k O ` N EPKMm ePILG O KcR5CLG O ] `�mJG$| p U h G 3 `$I\Kcm NPO KMRPmJK NPa GQI8KcRmJU a U[e O EP` OLh U[R 4 `�RPT�mJU a U[e O THGJILKMk[R�` O G U[eHC a KcRHGJTA| � EHGtKcR5CFGQk O `�CLKcU[R U$]�CFEPGQILG NPO KcRPmQK NPa GJI�)KMCFE@CFEHG�]fePRHmQCFKMU[Ru` a5O GJjSePK O G h GJR5CLI U$]P` eHILG O KcR5CLG O ] `�mJG KcI_`$R U N GQR NHO U 3 a G h KMR k$GJRPG O ` a | BIF` h�NPa KMRPktU$]8mQe OLO GJR5C�`�CLCLG h�N CFI CFU `$TPT O GJI\I>CFEHG NPO U 3 a G h I�U�]8KcRPTHKMZbKcTPeP` a mJU a U[e O I\G a GJmQCLKcU[R`$RPT mJU a U[e O I\m EPG h G I\G a GJmQCLKcU[R�KMI NPO GQILGJR5CLGJTA|

� R n Eu` N CLG O &Hr5CFEPG N G O mQG N CLKcU[R�U$] a Kck$ESC�`�RPT mQU a U[e O KcI TPKcI\mJePI\ILGQT h U O Gi]fU OLh ` aMa 4 | � EPGNPO U N G O CFKMGJIXU$] O G �uGJm CFGQT a Kck$ESCX` O G�U$] N ` O CFKMmJe a ` O KcR5CFG O GQI\CV`�I CFEHG 4 ` O G h U.TPG aca GJT KcR CFEPGm ` a K 3 O `�CFKMU[R h U.TPG a KcR5C O U.THePmJGQT�KcR n Eu` N CFG O DP| n ` a K 3 O `�CFKcU$R O GQjbeHK O GQIq`�R�ePRHTPG O I\C `�RPTPKcRHkU$] 3 `$ILKMm�mQU a U O K h GQC O 4 r �)EPKcm E-`�C\CFG h�N CLI@CLU�ILU a Z[GVCFEPG NPO U 3 a G h U$]>I N GJmQKM] 4 KcRHk N G O mJGJK Z[GQT

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� R n Eu` N CLG O DPr>CLEPG�U N G O `�CLKcRPk NPO KcRPmQK NPa GJI U$]qCLEPG n�� � ` O G�TPGQILm O K 3 GJT `$RPT ` 3 O KcGQ]U Z$G O Z.KMG � U$]�m ` a K 3 O `�CLKcU[R CFGQm EPRPKcjSePGQIi]fU O CLEPG n�� � KcI NPO GQILGQRSCLGJTA|�BqI/CLEPGqZbKcG �)KcRPk�mJU[RPTHK �CFKcU$RPI O GQjSePK O GJT ]fU O m ` a K 3 O `�CLKcU[R�` O GVK hoNPO `$mQCLKcmJ` a KMR CFEPG RPU OLh ` a �>U O �SKMRPkdGJR5ZbK O U[R h GJR5C rCFEPG mJ` a K 3 O `�CFKcU$R h U.TPG a ]fU O `oCFEHG NPO U N U[I\GJT mJU a U[e O ILG a GJm CFKcU$R�CFUbU a�h ePI\C 3 G�CLU a G O `$R5C U�]G OLO U O |oB h UbTPG a KMI NHO U N U[ILGQT-CLEu`�C `�CLCLG h�N CFItCLU NPO UxZ.KMTPG�G OLO U O � CFU a G O `$R5C r_` NPNPO U �HK h `�CFGm ` a K 3 O `�CFKMU[RPI 354 ` NPO U N G O m EPU[KcmQG>U�]u`YmJ` a K 3 O `�CFKcU$R h UbTPG a `�RPT ` ILK h e a `�CLKcU[RtU�]u` O G��uGQmQCLKMZ[GmJU a U[e O I 4 I\CFG h | � CtKMIqE 4 N U�CFEPGQILK��QGJT CFEu`�C h U[RPKMCLU O mJU a U[e O I\EPKM] CLI TPePG CFUdI a Kck[E5C h KMILmJ` a K �3 O `�CLKcU[RHI ` O GiI\K h K a ` O KcRVRP`�CFe O GiCFU@ILEPK ] CFI NPO U.TPeHmJGJT 354 m Eu`$RHk[KcRPk@CFEHGiK aca e h KcRu`�CLKcU[R �)EPGQRZ.KMG �)KMRPk O G �uGJm CFKMZ$G@U 3 �\GJm CFIQ| � EHKcI �>U[e a T ` aMa U�� ILeHm E�` CFUbU a CFU h ` �$GtePI\GtU$]_mJU a U[e O mQU[R �I\C `�RPm 4 | p U h G a K h KMCLGJT�jSeu`$R5CFK C `�CLKMZ$G �\ePI CFK g m `�CLKcU[R KcI NPO GQILGQRSCLGJTAr 3 eHCt` CFEPU O U[ePk$E I\CLePT 4KcI 3 G 4 U$RPT�CLEPG@ILmJU N G@U$]_CFEPKMI/CFEPGQILKMIJ|n EP` N CFG O X 3 GJk$KcRPI 354 KMR5C O UbTPePmQKcRPk s p B � a `$RPG p Kck[E5C r�` NHO U$CLU$C 4 N GVCFUbU a CFU�G�� NPa U O G

CFEPG NPO U 3 a G h I@U$]�mJU a U[e O ILG a GJm CFKMU[RA| � EHG 3 `$I\KcI@]fU O `$R#KcR5CFG O `$m CFKcU$R N ` O `$TPKMk h ]fU O s p B� a `$RPG p Kck[E5CYKcI NPO U N U[I\GJTA| � O U[e N CLEPGJU O 4 KcI NHO GJI\GJR5CFGQT#`$I `$R `$KcT�KcR�CLEPG�THGJILKMk[R1U$] eHILG OKcR5CFG O ] `$mQGJIJ| B ILK hoNPa G$r KcR5CLePKMCLKMZ[G KcR5CFG O `$m CFKcU$R N ` O `$THKck h ]fU O s p B � a `$RPG p Kck[E5C KMI CFEPGQRm O GJ`�CFGQTAr�K aca ePI\C O `�CLKcRPk CFEPGdePI\G�U�]qk O U[e N CFEHGJU O 4 | � EPG KcRPK CFKc` a KcR5CFG O ] `$mQG THGJILKMk[R�KcI NPO G �ILGJR5CLGJT'` a U[RPk �)KMCFE#`$R1KMRH]fU O\h ` a I\CLePT 4 U�]�ePI\G O@O GQI N U[RPI\GJI@CFU CFEHGVKcR5CFG O ] `$mQG$| � GJI\e a CLKcRPkh UbTPK g m `�CLKcU[RPI>U$]_CFEPG@KcR5CLG O ] `�mJGX` O GtCLEPGJR TPKcI\mJePI\ILGQTA|

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� EHG-mQU a U[e O I N G O mQGJKMZ$GJT KcR CFEPG �>U OLa T 354 CLEPG Ebe h `$R ZbKcI\eu` a I 4 I CFG h ` O G h U[I C a 4NPO UbTPePmQGJT CFE O U[ePk$EV` 3 I\U OLN CLKcU[R�`$RPT O G��uGQmQCLKcU[RA| p e O ] `$mJGQI h ` 4 ` 3 I\U O 3 `qk[KMZ$GJR�] O GJjSePGQRPm 4mJU h�NPa G CFG a 4 U O>N ` O CLK�` aMa 4 r[CFEPG O G h `$KcRHTPG O 3 GQKcRPk O G��PGJmQCLGJTA| � O U 3 a G h I�KMR5C O UbTPePmQGJT 354 CFEPGN EPGJRHU h GQRPU[R'U�] � � �� � > ���� ��t` O GoKck[RHU O GQT�KcR#CFEPKMI THKcILmQePILI\KcU[R |�~8e h KcRPGQILmQGJRPmQG KcI@CFEPGO GJI\e a CYU$]�GJRPG O k 4�3 GJKMRPk ` 3 ILU O 3 GQT1`�C k[K Z[GJR ] O GQjbeHGJRPmQKcGJIq`$RPT CFEPGQR O G � O `$TPK�`�CFGJT `�CYU$CLEPG O] O GJjSePGQRPmJKMGJIQ|

� EHG a Kck[E5C O G��uGQmQCLGJT 3S4 `@I\e O ] `�mJG)m `$R 3 GiTPGJI\m O K 3 GJTo`$I ` ]fePRPmQCLKcU[R�� �� � U�] ] O GJjSePGJRHm 4 |B N G O ]fGJmQC O G �uGJm CFU O KcI)k[KMZ$GJR 354 � ��� � � v[| � KMZ$GJR�`�]fePRPm CFKMU[R�� ��� ��CFEu`�CqTPGQILm O K 3 GJI CFEPGa Kck$ESC KcRPmQKcTPGQRSC�U[R ` ILe O ] `$mJG�r�CFEPG a Kck[E5C K h�h GJTPKc`�CFG a 4 O G �uGJm CFGJT KcI �� � ��� �� ��� �� � |� EPG a Kck[E5C@KMRPmJKMTPGJR5CXU[R'`�ILe O ] `$mQGoU O I\GJRPI\U O KMIXEHKck[E a 4 TPG N GQRPTPGQRSC U[R#CLEPG�k[GJU h GQC O 4 U�]CFEPG I\mJGQRPG$| � EPKMI a KMk[E5CqmJ`$R 3 G h GJ`$ILe O GJT �)K CFE I\GJRPI\U O I � �)K CFE1`�TPTPKMCLKcU[RP` a G�� N G O K h GQRSCF` aTu`�C `.rHCFEPG N G O mJG N CFKcU$R�U$] mJU a U[e O CLEu`�C)KMI)`$ILI\U.mQK�`�CLGJT �)KMCFEdCLEPKcI a Kck[E5CimJ`$R 3 GtjSeu`$R5CFK g GJT |n U a U O K h GQC O 4 KMIVmJU[RHmJG O RPGJT �)KMCLE�CLEPG�I N GJmQK g mJ`�CFKMU[R�U$]qmQU a U$e O h `�CFm EPGQI�`$RPT mJU a U[e O

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#b| � ] riU$]X` CFE O GJG � I\CLK h e a ePI h K �bCFe O G$riU[RPG�I\CLK h e a ePI�KcI�I\CFGJ`$TPK a 4 m Eu`$RHk[GJT �)EPK a G�CFEPGU$CLEPG O I ` O G@EPG a T�mJU[RHI\C `�RSCJruCFEPG@mJU a U[e O U�] CLEPG h K �.CLe O Gqm Eu`$RPk[GQIYI CFGJ`$TPK a 4 |

&.| p CLK h e a K U$]XCFEHG-IL` h G mQU a U[e O � h GJ`$ILe O GJT ePI\KcRPk�CFEPG CFE O GJG �SKcRPTHI�U$] TPK � G O GJRHmJGx�NPO U.THePmJG KMTPGJR5CLKcm ` a G�� GQmQCLI/KcR h K �.CLe O GQIJr O GJk[` O T a GJI\I�U$]ACLEPGJK O I N GQmQC O ` a mJU h�N U$ILKMCLKcU[R |

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� EHG `$TPTPK CFKMZ$G h K �bCLe O G�U$] C �>U mJU a U[e O I CFK h e a KiKMI TPG g RPGQT `�IoCFEHG mJU a U[e O I\CLK h e a ePI]fU O �)EHKcm E�CLEPG O `�TPK�`$R5C N U��>G O U Z$G O `�R 4 k[K Z[GJR �/` Z[G a GQRPk$CFE1KMR5CFG O Z�` a KcR `�R 4 N ` O CqU�]2CFEPGI N GJmQC O e h KcIiGJjSeu` a CFUVCFEPGtI\e h U$]_CFEHG O `$TPKc`$R5C N U��>G O I U�] CLEPG C ��U�k[K Z[GJR�mQU a U[e O I\CLK h e a K]fU O CFEu`�C@IF` h G KcR5CLG O Z�` a r�`$ILI\e h KcRPk CLEPG a `�C\CFG O C ��U ` O G � � ��� �� ������ | � �>U a Kck[E5CqILU[e O mJGQI` O GtIL`$KcTdCFU 3 GtKcRPmQU[EPG O GJR5C �)EPGQR�CFEHGJK O�N Eu`$I\G TPK � G O GQRPmJGtZ�` O KMGJI �)K CFEdCFK h G�rHmJ`$ePILKMRPkVCFEPGa Kck$ESC `�CVCFEHG ] O GJjSePGQRPmJKMGJI�KcR mQU hoh U[R'CLU O GJKMRH]fU O mJG�`$RPT�mJ`$RPmJG a �)KMCLE GJ`$m E U$CFEPG O UxZ[G OCFK h G$| � � �� ������ a KMk[E5C/KMI/ILG a TPU h ]fU[ePRHTdKcRdRu`�CLe O G �Pa `�ILG O Ii` O G CFEPG U$R a 4 NPO `�mQCFKMm ` a ILU[e O mJGU$]�mQU[EPG O GJR5C a KMk[E5C |

� EHG jSeu`$R5CFK C `�CLKMZ[G@]fU O\h U�]2CFEPGXC O Kcm E O U h `�CFKcm@k[GQRPG O ` a K�� `�CLKcU[R�KMIq` a ILUoU 3 C `�KcRPGQT �)EPGQR��Gq`$ILI\e h G CFEPG ]fU aca U��)KcRPk@G h�N K O KcmJ` aPa `��)IQr �)EHKcm E Eu` Z$G 3 GQGJR ]fU$ePRPT CLU�EPU a ToUxZ$G O ` �)KcTPGO `$RPk$GXU�] ZbKcG �)KcRPk mQU[RPTPK CFKcU$RPI?;

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� EHG�C O Kcm E O U h `�CFKMm k[GQRPG O ` a K�� `�CLKcU[R ` aMa U��)It`�mJU a U[e O ( CLU 3 G I N GJmQK g GQT'`$I h `�CFm EHKcRPk`$R�`$TPTPK CFK Z[G h K �bCFe O G U$]Y`$R 4 CLE O GQG a KMRPG ` O\a 4 � KMRPTPG N GQRPTPGJR5C g �.GJT NPO K h ` O 4 I\CFK h e a K |1BqI��G@RPU�� ILEPU��@ruKMC/KcI/GJ`$I 4 CFU mJU[R5Z$G O C 3 GQC �>GJGQR�C O KcI CFK h e a ePI Z�` a eHGJI O G a `�CLKMZ$GqCFUVU[RHGtILGQC)U�]NPO K h ` O KcGQI���� r�� � r�� � `$RHT�C O KcI CFK h e a eHI�Z�` a ePGQI O G a `�CFK Z[GiCFU `$RPU�CFEPG O I\GQC�U$] NPO K h ` O KcGQI���� r��r��| ~8GQC�"TPGQRPU$CLG ` mJU a U[e O�h `�CLm E�`�RPT � TPGJRPU�CFG@mJU a U[e O I\e hoh `�CLKcU[RA|

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KcRdCFG OLh IiU$] CLEPG�� � | p e 3 I\CFK CFeHCLKcRPk � jSeu`�CLKcU[R � &.|C&5��KMR5CFU � jbeP`�CFKMU[R � &H|C#[� r ��GXU 3 CF`$KcR( �� � � ���

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� EPG h `�C O K � �� � mJ`$R 3 G@KcR5Z$G O CLGJT�CFU mJU$RSZ$G O Cq] O U h � � CLU �

� |� C�KMI mJU$RSZ$GJRPKMGJR5C CFU I N GJmQKM] 4 mJU a U[e O IdeHILKcRHk'CFEPG C O KcI CFK h e a eHIoZ�` a eHGJI U$]XCFEHG1mJU a U[e O

I\CFK h e a ePIYGQR5CFG O KcRPkoCFEPG G 4 G�| � EPG O GVKcI mJe O\O GQRSC a 4 `o] `$K O ePRHTPG O I\C `�RPTPKcRHk U$] CFEHG O GQI N U[RPILG]fePRPmQCLKcU[RHI U$]>CFEPG a KMk[E5C � I\GJRPI\KMCLKMZ[G N Kck h GJR5CFIXKcR CFEHG O GQCFKMRu`�U$]/CFEHGoG 4 G � K C KMI N U[I\ILK 3 a GVCFUmJU O\O GJm CV]fU O I\U h GdU�] CLEPGdILK hoNHa G O Z�` O Kc` 3 a GQIV` � GJm CFKcRHk CFEPKMI KcR5CFG O Ru` a I\CLK h e a ePIQr 3 eHC ]fU Oh GJ`$ILe O G h GJR5C N e O\N U[I\GJI KMCiKMI h U O GtmJU$RSZ$GJRPKMGJR5C RHU$CiCFU N G O ]fU OLh CLEPGJI\G mQU OLO GJmQCLKcU[RHIJ|

� O KMI\CLK h e a ePIYZ�` a ePGJI ` O G THG g RPGQT-eHILKcRHk NPO K h ` O KcGQI �)K CFE1mJU a U[e O � h `�CFm EHKcRPk�]fePRPmQCLKcU[RHIJ|^�G �)K aca THG O K Z[G2CLEPG2]fU OLh U$]SCFEPGQILG ]fePRPm CFKMU[RPIJ| � U O `ik[K Z[GJRtI CFK h e a eHI�� rxCFEPG mQU OLO GJI N U[RHTPKcRPkI N GJmQC O ` a GQRPG O k 4 TPKcI C O K 3 eHCLKcU[R ��� �2m `$R 3 G ` NPNHO U �.K h `�CFGQT �)K CFE�`$Ro`$TPTPK CFKMZ$G h K �.CLe O GiU�]�#THKcI\CLKcRPm C h U$RPU.m E O U h `�CFKMm ILU$e O mQGJI � � �)K CFE�] O GQjbeHGJRPm 4 � � ILePm E�CFEu`�C � � ��� � � ]fU O ` aMa� | ~8GQC�� � � � � � ( � � ��THG g RPGtKMR5CFG O Z�` a � | � EHGtI N GJmQC O ` a GJRPG O k 4 U�]��}`�C/CFEPG ] O GJjSePGQRPm 4U$]2`Vk[K Z[GQR h U[RPUbm E O U h `�CLKcmYILU[e O mJG �

� KMI�� � � � ��� � � � &H| �5�

�)EPG O G � � ` O G CFEHG@C O KMI\CFK h e a ePI>Z�` a ePGJIiU$]_CFEHGXI\U[e O mJG$| � EPGXI\CLK h e a ePI��}mJ`$R 3 GX` NPNHO U �.K �h `�CLGJT 354

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� U��@r8G `$m E h U[RPUbm E O U h `�CLKcmXILU[e O mJG � � m `$R 3 G G�� NHO GJI\ILGQT�`$I ` h K �.CLe O G U$]�` k[K Z[GJRILGQC U$]_CFE O GJG NPO K h ` O KMGJI � � r�� � r�� � ;

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l `�CFm EHKcRPk�CFG OLh I KMR CFEPG NPO G ZbKcU[ePIdC �>U GQjbeP`�CFKMU[RPI�k[KMZ$GJI�CFEPG O GJILe a C�`$IdCFEPG ]fU O\h ]fU OmJU a U[e O � h `�CFm EPKMRPk GJjSeu`�CFKcU$RPI?;

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� �>U C O KMI\CFK h e a ePI2mJUbU O TPKcRu`�CFGiI 4 I CFG h I�KMR �)KcTPG)ePI\Gq` O GiCFEPG������ `$RPT������ NHO K h ` O 4I 4 I\CLG h I � ^ p � # � | � EPGimJU a U[e O_h `�CFm EPKMRPkq]fePRHmQCFKMU[RPI�]fU O G `�m E�U�]uCFEPG�CLE O GQG NPO K h ` O KcGQI h ePI\C3 G TPGQCLG O\h KMRPGJT G hoN K O KMm ` aMa 4 ]fU O ` N U N e a `�CFKMU[R�U$]AU 3 ILG O Z[G O IJ| � EPGYmJU[R5Z[G O I\KcU[RdU$] C O KMI\CLK h �

e a ePI_Z�` a ePGQI �)K CFEV` h `�C O K � h e a CLK NPa Kcm `�CFKcU$RtK h�NPa KMGJIACFEHG/mJU[R5Z$G O I\KcU[R U$]HCFEPG/mQU OLO GJI N U[RHTPKcRPkmJU a U[e Oih `�CFm EPKMRPk ]fePRPm CFKMU[RPI �)KMCLE�` h `�C O K � h e a CFK NHa KcmJ`�CFKMU[R�KcI)` a ILU N U$ILILK 3 a G�|

� R'CLEPG n � � vxw8&Hv������ � O K h ` O 4 p 4 I CFG h r U O ����� � I 4 I\CFG h r2CLEPG NPO K h ` O 4 mQU a U$e O ITPG g RHGJT 3S4 CFEPG CLE O GQG@m EPU[ILGQR�mQU a U$e O/h `�CFm EPKMRPk�]fePRHmQCFKMU[RPI)` O G O GJ` a K�� ` 3 a G 354 h U[RHU.m E O U��h `�CLKcmimQU a U[e O IJ| p.N GJmJK g m ` aca 4 r[CFEPG mJU a U[e O h `�CLm EPKcRPkt]fePRHmQCFKMU[R � � O GQT�� KcI m EPU[I\GJR CLU mQU OLO G �I N U[RPT�CLUYCFEHG�ILGQRPILK CFK Z.K C 4 U$]�` I\C `�RPTu` O T U 3 I\G O Z$G O CLU � � � R h}a Kck[E5C � � � k O GJGQR�� r4X D :H| v>R h �`$RPT � � 3 a ePGx� r.D & X.| � R h | � EPG � ��� > ��� � � � � > < ��� �� > U$]�mQU a U$e O I/KMR CFEPKMIiI 4 I\CLG h ` O GtI N GJmQK �g GJT�KcRdCFEPGXU O TPG O ��� � � � ! �/`�RPT�I N GQmJKM] 4 CFEPG O GQjbeHK O GQT h K �bCFe O GtU$] CFEPG@CFE O GJG NPO K h ` O KcGQI

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� C2KcI�KMR5CFG O GJI CFKcRHk CFU mQU hoN ` O G�CFEPG O GQCLKcRPG��V` a k[U O KMCFE h �)KMCFE `qILK hoNPa G�mQU a U[e O mQU OLO GJmQCLKcU[RNPO UbmJGQTPe O G�r Ru` h G a 4 RHU OLh ` a K�� `�CLKcU[R1CLU1` O G ]fG O GQRPmJG O G��uGQmQCLKMZ[GdI\e O ] `�mJG � CFEHKcI h GQCLEPUbT'KcIU$] CFGQR�ePI\GJT KMR�KMRPTPePI C O 4 KMR�mQU a U[e O mQU OLO GJm CFKcRHkoZbKcTPGQUoI\Kck[RP` a IQ| p ePm E1` NPO UbmJGQTPe O G O GQILe a CFIKcRo` NPO U N G O mQU OLO GJm CFKcU$R�]fU O m Eu`$RHk[GJI>KcR�K aca e h KcRu`$R5C ]fU O ` O GQI\C O Kcm CFGQT 3 eHC�ILKMk[RPK g m `$R5C�m a `$ILIU$]�I\e O ] `�mJG O G �uGJm C `$RPmQG ]fePRHmQCFKMU[RPI)`$RHT�I N GQmQC O ` a8N U �>G O TPKMI\C O K 3 e.CFKcU$RPI/U$]�` h 3 KMGJR5C a KMk[E5C |� U���G Z[G O rtI\CLePTPKcGQI�Eu` Z[G KcRPTHKcm `�CFGJT{CLEu`�CdCLEPG O G CFKcRHG�� ` a k[U O KMCLE h KcIdKcRP`$TPGJjSeu`�CFG `$I

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h ePI\C 3 GqTPG O KMZ$GJT eHILKcRHk�RSe h G O KMm ` a ` NPNPO U �.K h `�CLKcU[RVCFGQm EPRPKMjbeHGJIJ| � EPG O GJI\e a CLI��>G O G k[K Z[GJRKcR�` N ` N G O 354 l `$mJBYTu` h � l `$m�� � � � `oI h ` aca RSe h 3 G O U$]2CLEPGXCF` O k$GQC �����1I N GJmQK g mJ`�CFKMU[RPITPU RPU$C�`$k O GJG �)KMCFE#CFEPG O GJI\e a CLI�U$]�CFEPG s p B ]fU O\h e a `�G�k$KMZ[GQR'KcR � l `$m�� D�� r O G NPO U.THePmJGQTa `�CLG O 3 G a U��@|

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� EHG1EPKck[E a 4 O GQk[e a ` O `$RHT{I 4 h�h G C O KMm�k[GQU h GQC O Kcm�` OLO `$RPk[G h GQR5C U$]tCLEPG s p B I N `$mJGGJRPmQU[e O `�k[GJI/U$RPG CLU�G�� NHa U O GqmJU a U[e O ILm EHG h GJI/KMR ` h `$RPRHG O GJKMCLEPG O ePR a K ��G a 4 U O K hoN U[ILI\K 3 a G�)KMCFE U$CLEPG O mJU a U[e O I 4 I CFG h IQ| � EPGVs p B I N `�mJG@CFESePI a GJRPTHIYK CFILG a ]_CFU CFEPGXI\CLePT 4 U$]�mJU a U[e OEu` OLh U[R 4 CFEHGJU O 4 KMR ` O C |Ys RPG ` O CFKMI\C O G h ` O �$GQTAr� ^ KMCFE�CFEHG�U$CLEPG O mJU a U[e O I 4 I\CLG h IJ| |J| KMCKcIqGJ`$I 4 CFU a U.mJ`�CFGXmJU hoNPa G h GJR5C ` O 4 O G a `�CLKcU[RPI\EPK N Iq` h U[RPk ` �)KcTHG O `$RHk[G U$] ESePGQIJ|@WYI\KcRPkCFEPG�s p B ILmJ` a GQIoK C KcIVG `�I 4 CFU a Ubm `�CFG ] ` O ]fG ��G O mQU hoNHa G h GJR5CF` O 4 N `$K O I � EPU��>GQZ$G O |J| | KMCKcI N U[ILI\K 3 a G CFU G�� NPa U O G mJU h�NPa G h GJR5C ` O 4 O G a `�CFKcU$RPILEPK N I ] ` Odh U O G CFEPU O U[ePk[E a 4 CLEu`$R KcI

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