10-4 biological hazards: disease in developed and developing countries
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10-4 Biological 10-4 Biological Hazards:Hazards:
Disease in Disease in Developed and Developed and
Developing Developing CountriesCountries
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What causes disease?What causes disease?
Infectious agents (Infectious agents (pathogenspathogens) that ) that spread by:spread by:• AirAir• WaterWater• FoodFood• Body fluidsBody fluids• Vectors (nonhuman carriers, like Vectors (nonhuman carriers, like
mosquitoes)mosquitoes)
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Nontransmissible vs. Nontransmissible vs. Transmissible DiseasesTransmissible Diseases
NontransmissibleNontransmissible: : caused by caused by something other than a living organism something other than a living organism and does and does notnot spread from person to spread from person to person (cancer, diabetes, etc.).person (cancer, diabetes, etc.).
TransmissibleTransmissible:: caused by living caused by living organisms and can spread from person organisms and can spread from person to person (bacteria, virus, parasite)to person (bacteria, virus, parasite)..
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Pathogens –infectious Pathogens –infectious agentsagents
Bacteria:Bacteria:• CholeraCholera• TuberculosisTuberculosis• SyphilisSyphilis
Virus:Virus:• HIV/AIDSHIV/AIDS• HepatitisHepatitis• EbolaEbola
Protozoa:Protozoa:• MalariaMalaria
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Seven Deadly DiseasesSeven Deadly Diseases
90% of all infectious disease deaths 90% of all infectious disease deaths are caused by:are caused by:• Pneumonia/fluPneumonia/flu• HIV/AIDSHIV/AIDS• Diarrheal diseasesDiarrheal diseases• TuberculosisTuberculosis• MalariaMalaria• Hepatitis BHepatitis B• MeaslesMeasles
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Staggering StatisticsStaggering Statistics
13 million people die each year from 13 million people die each year from infectious diseasesinfectious diseases
Within the next hour, 1,500 people Within the next hour, 1,500 people (half of them under 5 years old) will (half of them under 5 years old) will die from an infectious disease die from an infectious disease
A child born in a developing country A child born in a developing country has a 1,000-times greater chance of has a 1,000-times greater chance of dying from measles than one born in dying from measles than one born in a industrialized countrya industrialized country
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Low-Cost Disease Low-Cost Disease PreventionPrevention
Childhood vaccinationsChildhood vaccinations Mosquito bed netsMosquito bed nets Inexpensive drugsInexpensive drugs Access to condoms Access to condoms Vitamin and mineral supplementsVitamin and mineral supplements Education Education Good hygieneGood hygiene
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Non-Fatal Effects of DiseaseNon-Fatal Effects of Disease
Heath-care expensesHeath-care expenses Inability to go to work or schoolInability to go to work or school Body deformities (open sores, loss of Body deformities (open sores, loss of
fingers and toes, grotesque swelling)fingers and toes, grotesque swelling) Excruciating painExcruciating pain Social stigmatizationSocial stigmatization Emotional stressEmotional stress Orphaned childrenOrphaned children
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Monster Inside MeMonster Inside Me
Living with the Enemy Kelly’s TempLiving with the Enemy Kelly’s Temp• United streamingUnited streaming
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TB Kills 1.7 million people per year.
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Disease DistributionDisease Distribution
Are these infectious diseases Are these infectious diseases distributed equally throughout the distributed equally throughout the world?world?
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Transmissible DiseasesTransmissible Diseases
Good NewsGood News: Since : Since 1950, death rates 1950, death rates fallen dramaticallyfallen dramatically
Bad NewsBad News: Bacteria : Bacteria resistance growing resistance growing and insects and insects becoming immune becoming immune to pesticidesto pesticides