JEMEN-STUDIEN

HERAUSGEGEBEN VON HORST KOPP

2012

DR. LUDWIG REICHERT VERLAG · WIESBADEN

Band 20.1

Peer Gatter

Politics of Qat

The Role of a Drug in Ruling Yemen

807

XII. Index al-‘Abbås∏, Mu’ahhar ‘Abd al-‘Az∏z, 274 ‘Abd al-Ghan∏, ‘Abd al-‘Az∏z, 189-190, 275, 295-

298, 357 ‘Abd Allåh, ‘Al∏ Nu‘mån, xxxiii, 203, 253, 256,

258-259, 302, 676, 732 ‘Abdal∏ Sultan, ‘Al∏ of La™ij, 78 ‘Abdal∏ Sultan, Mu™sin bin Fañl, 73 ‘Abdal∏ Sultanate of La™ij, 73, 75, 78, 81-82, 85-

86, 92, 105, 112, 116, 395 ‘Abd al-Nå”ir, Jamål, 92, 99-100, 163, 186 Abdulmutallab, Umar Farouk, 494 al-‘Abr, 408-410, 423, 425-426, 764 Abu Dhabi, 328-329 Ab· Lu™·m family of Nihm (Bak∏l)

‘Al∏, 185 Dirham, 185 Mu™ammed 586 Sinån 189

Ab· Ra’s, “ådiq Am∏n, xxxiii, 500 Ab· Shawårib, Mujåhid, 185 Abyan, 28, 164, 166, 169, 232, 249, 259, 282, 292,

388-389, 402, 405-406, 409, 424, 440-443, 494, 496-497, 505, 509, 512-513, 517, 628, 771, 776

Addis Ababa, 85, 95, 97 Aden (see also Crater), xxvii, xxxi, xxxvii, xl, 5, 8-

9, 11, 17, 28, 30, 47, 50, 59, 61-63, 65, 67-68, 70-71, 73-100, 104-105, 107, 112, 124, 147, 151, 164-166, 168-169, 171, 189, 212, 232, 246, 254, 259-260, 262, 272, 282, 286, 292, 295, 302, 306, 325, 335, 341, 353, 358, 367, 369, 372, 380-390, 393, 395-399, 401-408, 410, 424, 427-429, 431-432, 436-438, 440-444, 446, 449, 457- 458, 474-476, 483, 494, 509-510, 512-516, 520, 525, 527-529, 533, 536, 541, 565, 567, 569, 572, 576, 583, 588, 622, 663, 672-673, 678, 762-763, 771, 776

Aden-Abyan Islamic Army, 282, 443 Aden Airways, 67, 85, 90, 91, 99 Aden Assembly, 622 Aden Association, 85, 89-90 Aden beer brewery, 385-386 Aden Colony, 73-100, 105 Aden Harbour Pilots Association, 92 Aden Legislative Council, 85 Aden Protectorate, 81, 85, 90 Aden refinery, 583 Advisory Committee on the Traffic of Opium and

Other Dangerous Drugs, 59 Afghanistan & Afghans, 385, 387, 474, 488, 493-494 al-‘Af∏f, A™mad Jābir, 200, 523-525, 538 al-‘Af∏f Cultural Foundation, xxxvii, 33, 36, 174,

196, 294, 343, 359, 370, 523-524, 560 ‘ãfish, 102, 212, 659

agricultural census, xxxviii, 164, 168-169, 203-205, 247-249, 253-254

Agricultural Credit Bank, 224, 230, 301, 307 Agricultural Research and Extension Authority

(AREA), xxxiii, xxxv, xxxix, 248, 253, 255-256, 259-260, 263-264, 274, 302, 347-348, 353, 538, 730, 732

Agricultural Research Authority (ARA), 228, 230 Agricultural Statistics Department, 250, 252, 254 agriculture (see also terrace agriculture), 11, 22, 24,

26, 30-31, 44-45, 55, 107, 119-120, 125, 129, 142, 164, 168, 170, 173, 179, 184-185, 187-188, 197, 200, 203-205, 210, 212, 219, 223-228, 230-232, 235, 244-245, 254-256, 260, 263, 275, 278-279, 301, 304, 324-327, 334-337, 339, 342, 344, 346-348, 350-352, 356, 388, 393, 402, 408, 421, 433, 437, 445-446, 453-454, 466-467, 470, 473, 475, 481, 484, 487, 503, 505-507, 508, 520, 525, 530, 535, 538, 541, 546, 551-552, 555, 557, 559-563, 583-584, 588, 630-631, 633

al-A™mar family of Khamir, 582 ‘Abd Allåh bin ©usayn (supreme shaykh of ©åshid), 33, 171, 185, 189, 197-198, 210, 214, 218, 268, 271, 281, 298, 284, 332, 384, 539, 581

©am∏d bin ‘Abd Allåh, 575, 586 ©usayn bin ‘Abd Allåh, 581 “ådiq bin ‘Abd Allåh (supreme shaykh of ©åshid), 201, 581

al-A™mar family of San™ån ‘Al∏ Mu™sin (general), 198, 474, 480, 490, 539,

580 ‘ã’id, Mu™ammad ‘Al∏ (Shaykh Mashåyikh ïulå‘-

Hamdån), xxxvi, 214-215, 659 al-Akbar, ‘Abd Allåh, 538 al-Akwa‘, ‘Abd al-Ra™mån Mu™ammad, 530 ãl Shaykh, Mu™ammad bin Ibråh∏m bin ‘Abd al-

La’∏f, 116, 119, 134, 136, 146 alcohol (beer, whisky, vodka, liquor, etc), 34-35,

37, 62, 85, 88, 121, 149, 163, 165, 176, 365, 385-386, 396, 398, 484-486, 496-497, 518, 568, 679-680, 757

Alexander the Great, 2 Algeria, 3, 67 ‘Al∏, Sålim Rubay‘, 189, 191,734 al-‘Al∏m∏, Rashåd Mu™ammad, 341, 358, 466 almonds, 120, 302, 347, 352, 546, 552, 632 alternative crops (see crop substitution) American Hunt Oil Company, 47, 198, 286 ‘ãmir∏ tribe, 92 ‘Amrån, xxxii, xxxix, 26, 28, 47, 112, 125, 185,

210, 214, 218, 220, 224-225, 227, 229, 236, 254, 271, 292, 336, 339, 350, 375, 377, 408-409, 413-414, 416-417, 420-421, 452, 470, 473-

XII. Index

808

475, 479-480, 487, 490, 499, 509, 513-514, 567, 581, 627, 657, 674, 736, 754, 766, 771

al-‘Amrån∏, ‘Al∏, 588 al-‘Amr∏, ©asan, 183 al-‘Amr∏, Ya™yå, xxxv-xxxvi, 347-349, 355 An”år al-Shar∏‘a (see Jamå‘at An”år al-Shar∏‘a of

Abyan) Arab-Afghan fighters, 282, 385, 441, 443, 474,

493-494 Arab Center for the Studies of Arid Zones and Dry

Lands, 350 Arab Conference on Narcotic Drugs (ACND), 180 Arab Fund, 447 Arab League, xxxvii, 112, 114, 116, 134, 165, 174,

180, 588, 624 Arab Narcotics Bureau (see International Arab

Narcotics Bureau) Arab Organization for Agricultural Development

(AOAD), 116, 207, 245 Arab Organization for Social Defense and Crime, 165 Arab Spring, 370, 372, 560, 622, 571 Arab States, xxvii, xxxvii, 112, 114, 140, 180 Arabian Gulf, 223, 284, 287, 292 Arabian Peninsula, 7, 24, 43, 289, 292, 312, 354,

384, 441, 443, 445, 494, 627 al-‘Arash∏, ‘Abd al-Kar∏m ‘Abd Allåh, 197 AREA (see Agricultural Research and Extension

Authority) Ar™ab, xxxvi, 28, 214, 332, 534, 573, 578, 585 al-Ar™ab∏, ‘Abd al-Kar∏m, xxxii, 151, 339, 344,

357-358, 456, 619 armed forces (see military) arms (see weapons) al-A”ba™∏, Qa™’ån Ya™yå ‘Abd al-Malik, xxxii,

275, 349, 352, 575, 581-582, 584, 676 al-Ashm·r∏, “addåm, 471 al-Ashwal, ‘Abdul Razzåq, 178 Asian financial crisis, 285, 287 ‘As∏r, xxvii, 2, 48, 116, 119, 129, 131, 488, 621 Association for Awareness on the Harms of Qå t

(AAHQ), 127-128, 130-132, 134 al-‘A’ås, ©aydar Ab· Bakr, 381, 443 al-‘A’iya, ‘Abd al-Ra™mån bin ©amad, 328-329, 334 Australia, 11 awareness work, 120, 127, 148, 164, 168, 175, 178,

226, 244, 250, 255, 262-265, 270, 275, 279-280, 298, 300, 304, 309-310, 313, 324-325, 330-331, 334-339, 341, 344, 346-348, 352-353, 356-358, 439, 456, 497, 522-523, 527-529, 531, 533-534, 536, 538-539, 549, 561, 579, 581, 586-588, 523, 526, 530, 588, 619, 629-630, 633, 692, 698, 700, 707, 712-713, 724, 728

al-‘Awlaq∏, Anwar, 494, 496 al-‘Awlaq∏, Nå”ir, 200 al-‘Ayn∏, Mu™sin A™mad, 114, 134, 173-176, 180-

182, 184-185, 200, 271, 273, 290, 372, 523, 625, 754

Bå‘Awm, ©asan, 431 Båb al-Mandab, 73, 78, 86, 88, 99, 533 Ba™rån, Mu”’afå, 330 Bahrain, 114, 355, 372, 464 BåJamål, ‘Abd al-Qådir, 208, 232, 290, 298-299,

304, 323-324, 336, 676, 702, 706 Bak∏l tribal federation, 185, 189, 218, 232, 581, 627 Båma’raf, ‘Abd al-Ra™mån, xxxiii, 262 Båma’raf, ‘ãdil, 432, 520, 527 bananas, 30-31, 227, 302, 404, 413, 422, 451 Ban∏ Bahl·l, xxxvi, 237, 339-340, 658 Ban∏ ïabyån, xxxvi, 28, 47, 227 Ban∏ al-©årith, 24, 227, 653 Ban∏ ©ushaysh, xxxvi, 190, 214, 218, 225, 227,

231, 237, 264, 470-473, 475, 511, 573, 578, 630, 653

Ban∏ Ma’ar, xxxvi, 1, 352, 560, 575 Bangladesh and Bangladeshis, 122, 488 bans (imports & qå t), 59, 63, 66-67, 70, 81, 83-90,

95, 99, 101, 105, 112, 114, 119, 122, 130-131, 134-136, 138-140, 142-151, 165-166, 169, 171, 173-174, 178, 180, 182, 184-186, 189, 224, 227-228, 342, 372, 377, 380-382, 395, 408, 418-419, 434-437, 447, 449, 454, 457-461, 466, 468, 471, 473, 478, 481, 494, 496-497, 512, 536, 538, 559, 568, 587, 621-622, 624, 628-630

Barre, Mohamed Siad, 130, 134-138, 140, 142-143, 372, 622

BåShu‘ayb, Sålim, xxxiii al-Bayñå’, 28, 30, 47, 104,164, 166, 204-205, 224,

248-249, 259, 335-336, 350, 388-399, 402-406, 409, 411, 416, 437, 446, 452, 487, 509, 513-514, 517, 628, 736, 766, 768, 771, 776

Bayt Ab· Lu™·m (see also Ab· Lu™·m family), 28 Bayt Ab· Ra’s of Dh· Mu™ammad, 28, 628 Bayt al-A™mar (village), 197, 212 Bayt al-A™mar of ©åshid (see also al-A™mar clan),

28, 627 Bayt al-Qåñ∏, xxxvi, xxxviii, 25-26, 658 Bayt al-Shāyif of Dh· ©usayn, 27-28, 628 Bay·m∏, ©asan ‘Al∏, 90 bedouins, xxviii, 196, 283, 331, 358, 409-410, 419,

421-423, 439, 453, 487, 563, 666 beekeeping (see also honey), 279, 507, 543, 547,

549, 552, 555 beer brewery (see Aden beer brewery), 385-386 Believing Youth, 462, 464, 466 Berbera (Somalia), 61-62, 142 al-B∏ñ, ‘Al∏ Sålim, 165, 384-385, 441, 447 Bilåd al-R·s, 210, 212, 214, 659 bin al-Shayba, Ramz∏, 493 bin ‘Al∏, Zayn al-‘ãbid∏n, 571 bin Båz, ‘Abd al-‘Az∏z, 119, 134 bin Lådin, Usåma, 443, 474, 495 al-B∏r·n∏, Ab· al-Ray™ån Mu™ammad ibn A™mad, 2 Bombay, 73, 78 border wars, 171 Bosaso (Somalia), 63, 70, 461

XII. Index

809

boy and girl scouts, 280, 529-530 Brazil, 107, 558 bribery (see also corruption), 74, 138, 234, 236,

260, 284, 310-311, 374, 378, 768 bridal head dress, 563, 566 bridal price, 190 Britain (see United Kingdom) British (see also United Kingdom), xxxvii, 5, 8, 22,

47, 59, 61-64, 68, 70, 73-74, 78, 81-83, 85, 87-90, 92-96, 99- 100, 104-105, 107, 112, 130, 135, 140, 151, 163-165, 168-170, 178, 203, 282, 285-286, 367, 369, 380, 395-398, 402, 405, 408-409, 434, 501, 510, 520, 588, 621-624, 631

British India, 61, 73 British Somaliland, 70 Brizzi, Gianni, xxxiii-xxxiv, 280 Buhra, xxxiv, 302, 352, 358, 540-555, 557-561,

625, 630, 677, 748, 750 Burchardt, Hermann, 8, 104, 107 Burhån al-D∏n, Mu™ammad, 541-542, 555, 748 Bur·m, 409, 425-426, 766 Burundi, 24, 556 Bury, G. Wyman, 43, 78, 380, 619 Cabinet, 184, 201, 211, 263-265, 268, 271, 274,

280, 292, 295, 298, 305, 308-309, 312, 323-324, 326, 328, 330, 334, 336-337, 341-342, 344, 346-348, 506, 525, 569, 620, 690, 696, 716, 718, 720, 722, 724, 726, 728, 730, 732, 734, 736, 738

cactus farming (Opuntia ficus-indica), 339-340, 358 camels (see also caravan transport), 70, 72-74, 79,

81, 107, 135, 310-311 Canada, 36, 282, 437, 491, 568, 586-587 Canadian Nexen, 47, 51, 437 caravan transport (see also camels), 61-62, 73-75, 78,

79, 81-82, 92, 107, 112, 122, 408, 439, 488, 529 cash crops, xxvii, 2, 9, 11, 203, 228, 250, 254, 263,

278, 302, 324, 327, 337, 352 cathin, xxxvii, 32, 679 cathinone, xxxvii, 32-33, 36, 679 Catholic church, 385 ceasefire, 470, 475, 478, 565 Central Bank of Yemen, 245, 289, 385 Central Organization of Control and Auditing

(COCA), 330 Central Planning Organization (CPO), xxxviii, 184,

203, 205, 209, 221 Central Statistical Organization (CSO), xxxiii,

xxxviii-xxxix, 204-205, 246, 248-251, 253-254, 323, 487, 773, 776-777

Central Statistical Organization of the PDRY, 164, 169, 203, 212, 221, 246, 289, 323

Chamber of Commerce and Industry, 583 Champion, Sir Reginald, 112 Change Square, xxix, 366, 372, 575, 577-580, 586, 684 checkpoints, xxvii, 22, 26, 125, 140, 143, 147, 149,

209, 212, 214, 218, 220-221, 232, 259, 280, 294, 378, 386-387, 407, 409, 422, 427, 441, 468, 475, 479, 506, 514, 539, 559

child soldiers, 471, 682 child trafficking, 428 children, 1, 20, 26, 34, 67, 122, 148, 263, 273, 276-

277, 294, 304-305, 307, 310-311, 313, 322, 326, 328, 331, 334, 337, 339, 342, 343, 348, 357, 377, 428-429, 436, 470, 486, 494, 533, 537, 560, 569, 578, 584, 588, 692-693, 754, 758

China & Chinese, 3, 15, 24, 179-180, 202, 225, 367, 436, 481, 483, 538, 558-559, 567, 630

Chinese graveyard, 15 cigarettes (see also smoking), 14, 19, 50, 124, 128,

146, 149-150, 250, 300, 308, 375, 442, 466, 485, 496, 514, 707

Civil Aviation and Meteorology Authority, 341, 744 civil servant & civil service, 14, 120, 173-174, 198,

207, 234, 243, 259, 270-273, 291, 294, 302, 373-375, 377-378, 381, 431, 498, 502-503, 516, 575, 586, 588-589

civil society (see also NGOs), xxx, 259, 274-275, 280, 291, 301, 520, 692, 700

civil war, 9, 48, 165, 169-170, 178-180, 186, 188, 369, 372, 381, 386, 395, 399, 406, 407, 417, 418, 422, 432, 437, 439, 441-442, 457, 474, 484, 494, 498, 522-523, 529, 538, 565, 572, 581, 583

climate, 1, 5, 22, 24, 26, 99, 120, 210, 215, 219, 227, 235, 272-273, 276, 339, 347, 350, 387, 398, 402, 404, 408, 413, 445, 450, 509, 548, 552, 561, 626, 662

coffee (see also qishr), xxvii, 1-2, 4, 11, 13, 24, 50, 59, 61, 65, 78, 80-81, 92, 101, 103, 105-106, 107, 112, 116, 120, 125, 136, 145-146, 164, 171, 175-176, 179, 184-185, 187, 203, 225, 227-228, 254-255, 263, 278, 302, 308, 313, 324, 327, 337, 348, 350, 352, 355, 358, 365, 375, 483, 527, 540, 542-546, 548-549, 551-564, 566, 568-569, 624, 630-631, 752, 754, 772, 775

cold season (see winter) Cold War, 142, 168, 198, 243, 381, 558 Colombia, 558 colonial era, xxx, xxvii, 59, 61, 63- 67, 70-71, 73,

78, 81-83, 85-90, 92, 95, 98-100, 104-105, 112, 135, 166, 365, 367, 369, 395, 405, 408, 501, 510, 520, 622, 624, 626, 631

Communism, 185, 381, 385 Comoros Islands, 2, 65, 70 Constituent People’s Council, 211 constitution, 366, 373, 381-382, 384, 386, 443, 460,

498, 502, 571, 579, 586 Consultative Council (Sh·ra Council), xxxii, 171,

181, 184-185, 189, 234, 275, 281, 295-298, 305, 312, 344, 357, 370, 502, 525, 579, 583

Cooperative & Agricultural Credit Bank, 244 Cooperative Agricultural Union, 337 Cooperatives Movement, 185 Corrective Movement, 185 corruption (see also bribery), xxvii, xxx, 132, 138,

140, 147, 151, 185, 189, 243, 284, 287, 296,

XII. Index

810

302, 310, 328-330, 344, 348, 353-354, 373-378, 381, 425, 506, 559, 571-572, 581, 586

Crater (Aden), 74, 85, 92, 97, 383, 395-396, 398, 400, 402, 404-406, 438

crop substitution & alternative crops, 165, 176, 187, 323, 327, 335, 337, 339, 344, 346-348, 351-352, 358, 621, 693, 712, 772

Customs Union of the Federation of South Arabia, 92 då ‘∏ al-mu’ laq, 541-542, 554 Da™båsh, 432 al-ïåli‘, xxxix, 28, 73, 85, 92-94, 99, 104-105, 112,

130, 164, 166, 168-169, 232, 260, 334, 336, 382, 385, 388, 390, 393, 399, 402, 404, 406, 409, 411, 414, 416, 437, 440-444, 452, 499, 512-514, 630, 660-661, 663, 766, 771

Dammåj, 497 dams, 187-188, 224, 235, 264, 279, 326-327, 442,

563, 693, 712 Dår Sa‘d, 85-86, 90, 395, 398, 407, 442 David, Jacques-Louis, 266 Day of Rage, 571 de Gaulle, Charles, 67 debts, 47, 49, 53, 243, 284, 287, 428-429 decentralization, xxx, xxxiii, xxxv, 293, 375, 431,

456, 498, 500, 502, 505, 511-512, 516, 518 Demands of the Revolution, 579 Democratic Republic of Yemen (DRY), 385 Department of Tribal Affairs, 770-771 desertification, 350, 352 Dhamår, xxxiii, xxxv-xxxvi, 28, 204, 227-228, 245,

249, 255, 259, 304, 335-336, 346-350, 353-355, 358, 395, 399, 403-406, 412, 416, 421, 437, 441, 446, 452, 509, 513, 517, 534, 546, 627, 661-662, 736, 771, 776

al-Dhar™ån∏, ‘Al∏, 302, 306, 528 Dh· ©usayn, 28, 628 Dh· Mu™ammad, 28, 628 diesel & diesel subsidy, xxviii, 11, 24, 88, 202-203,

212, 219, 223-224, 244, 262, 357-358, 365, 367, 466, 468, 471, 473, 475, 478, 481, 484-485, 503, 507, 539, 559, 583-584, 622, 629, 632, 768, 772

Dire Dawa (Ethiopia), 65, 68-69, 73, 82, 86, 90-91, 95-96, 631

Djibouti, 62, 65-73, 82, 86, 90, 96, 189, 367, 484, 622, 630-631

donors, xxix, xxxvii, 47, 114, 181, 200, 203, 205, 206, 208, 224, 230, 234, 243-244, 246, 250, 253-255, 257, 259, 262, 265, 274-276, 280, 282, 287, 290-291, 294-297, 301, 304-305, 308-309, 311-313, 325, 327, 330, 334, 344, 353, 355-356, 369, 439, 481, 498, 503, 520, 523, 525, 528, 535, 539, 554, 560, 619, 625-627, 632-634, 773

dragon blood tree, 445-446, 457, 564, 568-569 droughts, 29, 95, 108, 148, 171, 179, 182, 184, 279,

350, 352, 475, 481, 543, 545, 547-548, 551-553, 555, 560-561, 584, 625-626, 632-633, 662

Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), 143, 491

Dubai, 494, 569 al-Duba‘∏, Mu™ammad Fåra‘, 343, 774 Dutch (see Netherlands) Duties Authority, 246 East Africa, xxvii, xxx, xxxviii, 2, 7, 14, 24, 33, 55,

59, 61, 64, 67, 73, 82, 108, 151, 170, 226, 230, 358, 418, 446, 491, 492, 541, 552, 559, 621-624, 626-631, 706, 763

East Germany, 165 East India Company, 73 eastern escarpment, xxviii, 28, 47, 203 economic crisis and decline, 381, 384, 406, 621, 625 education, 244, 259, 276, 279, 292, 307-308, 312,

324, 328, 344, 346, 357, 405, 499, 503, 516, 533, 547, 549, 555, 557, 619, 629

Egypt & Egyptians, 50, 92, 100, 106, 112, 114-115, 125, 130, 163, 169, 170-171, 173-174, 180, 185-186, 365, 369, 372, 375, 466, 521, 548, 559, 563, 571-573

elections, 206-208, 382, 384, 430-431, 500, 502, 579, 620

Embu Native District Council (Kenya), 64 environment, xxxvii, 51, 234, 244, 255, 261-263,

274-277, 300, 309, 346, 350, 619, 633, 693, 698, 700, 702, 706-707, 724, 726, 730, 772

Environment Protection Authority (EPA), xxxiii, xxxix, 350, 459

Eritrea, 99, 331, 488, 622 Eritrean Liberation Front, 99, 164 Ethiopia, xxvii, xxxviii, 1-3, 24, 61-71, 73, 82-86,

88, 90-91, 95-100, 104-105, 124, 135-137, 140, 142-143, 145-146, 163-164, 170, 176, 189, 200, 226, 227, 367, 380, 385, 387, 402, 461, 484, 488, 491, 493, 556, 567, 622-623, 626-627, 630-631, 654, 686

Ethiopian Airlines, 65, 67, 82, 84, 91, 96 Ethiopian Qat Exporting Company Ltd. (EQEC),

96, 97 Europe, 381, 385, 480, 484, 492-493, 538, 555,

559, 563, 565, 621, 623-625, 629-630, 633 European Union, 253, 255, 275, 480, 773 al-Ezzi Industries, 555-557, 559-560 Ezzi, Shabbir, xxxiv, 555-560 facebook, 127, 538, 576, 586-587, 685 al-Fañl∏ Sultanate of Zinjibår, 112 al-Fañl∏, ‘åriq, 441 families, xxvii, 4, 9, 11, 15, 18-20, 22, 25-31, 124,

131, 175, 207, 212, 236, 262-263, 273, 276, 294, 326, 374, 377, 399, 405, 417, 427-428, 432, 680

Family Health Survey, 250 FAO (see Food and Agricultural Organization) Faq∏ra, Jalål Ibråh∏m, 334 Få’im∏ds, 548 fatwås , 3, 101, 116, 118-119, 134, 136, 146, 173,

302, 408, 466, 494, 541, 543, 551, 624, 677 Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 491-492

XII. Index

811

Federation of South Arabia, 99, 112, 170, 621 Felix Airways, 457 Ferrari, Guido, 253-254 firearms (see weapons) First National Conference on Qå t, xxx, xxxii,

xxxiv, xxxvii, 232, 248, 257, 263, 270, 276, 278, 281, 294-295, 299, 305, 307, 323-324, 326-328, 342, 344, 346, 358, 427, 525, 529, 536, 553, 568, 619, 676, 696, 698, 700, 702, 706, 712, 716, 726

First World War, 5, 59, 63, 74, 103-104, 107, 621 Five-Year Development Plans, 187, 209, 228, 260-

261, 276, 278, 322, 327, 377, 619, 692, 706 food aid, 171, 182, 202 Food and Agricultural Organization of the United

Nations (FAO), xxxvii, 114, 116, 168, 228, 230, 244, 253, 255, 262-263, 275, 290, 310

food security, xxvii, 179, 182, 202, 205, 219, 234, 337, 350, 253-254, 277, 302, 336-337, 344, 347, 352-353, 378, 487, 633, 707

food self-sufficiency, 45, 184, 187, 479, 483, 632, 772 Forskål, Pehr, xxvii, xxxvii, 4 France, 3-5, 62, 65-67, 69-72, 103, 124, 188, 280,

283-284, 289, 559, 622 Franco-Ethiopian Railway, 65-67, 69, 71 Free Officers of the South, 92 French foreign legion, 67, 70 French Somaliland, 62, 67, 69, 71 French Total, 47 Friends of Yemen, 626 Friends Without Qå t, 267, 268, 269, 294, 357, 431, 677 frost (see winter) Fund for Arab Economic Development, 460 Fund for Youth Welfare and Sports, 424, 514 Gaza, 484 General Department of Agricultural Statistics, 246 General Department of Commodity Statistics, 246 General People’s Congress (GPC), 124, 198, 206-

208, 266, 281-282, 324, 384, 386-387, 410, 427, 430, 475, 479, 499, 565, 579, 581, 586

General Union of Private Cooperative Development Associations, 565

General Union of Qå t Sellers, 534-535, 758 Germany & Germans, xxxiv, 3, 36, 202, 284-285,

291, 336, 341, 539, 559, 587, 633 Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit

(GTZ), 255, 262 Ghålib, A™mad, 343 al-Ghashm∏, A™mad ©usayn, 26, 189-191, 197,

206, 367 GPC (see General People’s Congress) grapes (see also raisins), 4-5, 13, 120, 250, 254,

263, 302, 375, 471-472, 475, 481-483, 775 Great Britain (see United Kingdom) Greek, 86 groundwater (see water resources) Guantanamo Bay, 493

Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), xxix-xxx, 291-292, 307, 312, 328-329, 334, 343-344, 353-355, 372, 581

Gulf States, 22, 44, 47, 178, 187, 190, 243, 245, 248, 260, 312, 328, 354, 423, 437, 466, 498, 630

Gulf War, 243, 286-287, 291-292, 328, 343-344, 353-355, 498

guns (see weapons) al-Håd∏ (see Imåmate & Imåms) Håd∏, ‘Abdu Rabbuh Man”·r, 337, 372, 579, 583,

586, 620, 771 al-Håd∏ mosque (“a‘da), 469, 475 ©adībū, 24, 445-460, 742, 746 ©añramawt (see also Wåd∏ ©añramawt), xxix,

xxxiv, xl, 11, 17, 28, 30, 47-48, 166, 169, 232, 249, 261, 273, 283, 286, 289, 294, 324, 341, 358-359, 375, 377, 380-381, 387, 389-390, 392-395, 402-404, 408-411, 413-418, 420, 422, 424-426, 428, 432, 434-440, 442-443, 445-447, 454, 487, 491, 495, 509, 513-514, 517-518, 521, 525, 529, 569, 576, 577, 621, 625, 628, 666-667, 740, 742, 746, 764-768

©añramawt Social Welfare Society, 431 al-©añrån∏, A™mad Mu™ammad, 536 Haghir mountains (Socotra), 455 Hagigat pills, 568, 679 Hå’il Sa‘∏d Group, 525 Haile Selassie, Emperor, 96-97, 163 Haines, Stafford, 73 Håjir, ‘aha ‘Abd Allåh, 454, 457, 480 ©ajja, 5, 27-28, 44, 122, 180, 201, 204-205, 214,

218, 248-249, 258, 326, 414, 428, 473-475, 479, 486-490, 509, 513-514, 517, 627, 655, 771, 776

al-©ajr∏, ‘Abd Allåh, 178, 183, 190 al-©ajr∏, A™mad ‘Abd Allåh, 334, 560 Hamdån, xxxvi, xxxviii, xl, 1, 13, 24-25, 29, 45,

185, 190, 198, 210, 212, 214-215, 219, 227, 237, 449-450, 464, 507, 555, 573, 578, 618, 630, 653, 656-658

al-Hamdån∏, A™mad 272 al-©amd∏, Ibråh∏m, 184-186, 372, 571, 625 al-©amd∏, Mu™ammad Ibråh∏m, xxxiii, 185-190,

197-199 ©am∏d al-D∏n family (kings of Yemen), 104-105,

169-171 A™mad bin Ya™yå, xxxiv, xl, 46, 93, 109, 112-

113, 365-366, 462, 541, 622 Mu™ammad al-Badr, 100, 112, 169, 178, 366, 369 Ya™yå ibn ©am∏d al-D∏n, xl, 14, 43, 104-105,

107-109, 113, 116, 129, 365, 563, 622, 680, 753 ©ammåm ‘Al∏, 348, 350 ©ammåm Damt, 403, 413, 499, 766 ©ammåm Jårif, 672 al-©aqq Party, 463 Haraaz Project, 555-557, 561 ©arakat al-Shabåb al-Mujåhid∏n, 134, 146-151,

443, 462, 494, 497, 686

XII. Index

812

Harar & Harari qå t, 1, 61, 63, 65, 73, 82-83, 85, 95-97, 99, 104, 135, 164

©aråz, 22, 44, 108, 352, 358, 540, 542-549, 551-553, 555, 557, 559, 561, 625, 656, 668, 677, 748, 750

Hargeisa, 61-63, 135-136, 140-141, 145 al-©ar∏r∏, Khålid 328 al-©a”aba, 42, 201, 222, 341, 369, 416, 468, 473,

576, 580-582, 628 ©asan, Ra’·fa, 308 ©åshid tribal federation, 28, 171, 185, 188-190,

197, 201, 210, 214, 218, 232, 281, 284, 298, 332, 381, 384, 474, 478-479, 539, 580-581, 627

hashish, 3, 90, 101, 104, 118, 131, 231, 367, 396-398, 485, 486

hawala banks, 492 al-©awshab∏, Man”·r A™mad, 336-337, 342-344,

352, 559-560 al-©awth∏, ‘Abd al-Malik ibn Badr al-D∏n, 464,

470, 475, 539 al-©awth∏, Badr al-D∏n ibn Am∏r, 463-464 al-©awth∏, ©usayn ibn Badr al-D∏n, 463 al-©awth∏, Ya™yå ibn Badr al-D∏n, 464 ©awth∏s and ©awth∏ insurgency, xxvii, 125, 151,

462, 464, 466-467, 470-477, 479-480, 483-484, 488, 490, 494, 497, 565, 585

al-©ayf∏, ©asan, 273, 281 al-©ayma, 236, 573, 582 al-Haytam∏, A™mad ibn ©ajar 3, 101 health, xxvii, xxix-xxxi, xxxvii, 18-20, 32-34, 59, 62,

67, 70, 85, 90, 105, 116, 123-128, 131, 135, 137, 149, 151, 201, 203, 209, 230-232, 234, 250, 255-257, 259, 262-263, 267, 271, 275-276, 277-278, 280, 292, 300-302, 305, 308-309, 312, 324, 327, 334-337, 339, 341-342, 346, 356-357, 380, 384, 398, 422, 453, 479, 498, 503, 515-516, 523, 529-530, 533, 536, 540, 552, 555, 557, 566, 584, 588, 624, 629-630, 633, 680, 692-693, 698, 700, 702, 706-707, 713, 724, 726, 728, 730, 754

High People’s Council, 734 highland economy, 201 Hilål, ‘Abd al-Qådir ‘Al∏, xxxvi, 265, 267, 269,

273, 294, 431, 677 Hindle, Robert, 243 ©izb al-©aqq, 462 ©izb al-Islåm (Somalia), 134, 146, 147-149 Homeland Security (USA), 492 honey (see also beekeeping), 50, 324, 327, 350,

547-548 Horn of Africa, 64, 134, 142-143, 148, 445, 461,

484, 491 Household Budget Survey (HBS), 20, 207, 209,

245-246, 255, 276, 776 al-©udayda, xl, 5, 8-9, 17, 28, 46, 107, 112, 176,

189, 203-204, 225, 236, 249, 261, 286, 335, 417, 429, 437, 474-475, 505, 509, 512-514, 516, 529, 541, 567, 569, 582-584, 586, 588, 624, 771, 776

Humhil (Socotra), 453, 459, 461 Hunt Oil (see Americal Hunt Oil Company) ©usayn, “addåm, 1, 245, 289 al-Hu’ayb, 540, 543, 546-550, 552, 750 Ibb, xxxvi, 203-205, 224, 248-249, 254, 265, 267-269,

273, 294, 335-336, 350, 352, 357, 375, 377, 384, 402, 404-406, 413-414, 416, 421, 427, 431, 437, 446, 449, 452, 509, 513-514, 517, 525, 529, 541, 546, 552, 557, 560, 576, 588, 628, 736, 771, 776

ibn al-Imåm Sharaf al-D∏n, ‘Abd Allåh, 101, 751 Imåmate & Imåms, xxx, 74, 78, 81-82, 85, 93, 104-

105, 107-109, 112, 116, 163, 169, 172, 174-176, 179, 183, 210, 305, 365-366, 372, 462, 511, 520, 540, 563-564, 566, 623 A™mad bin Ya™yå (see ©am∏d al-D∏n family) al-Håd∏ ilå’l-©aqq Ya™yå, 469, 475 al-Håd∏ Mu™ammad, 73 al-Mahd∏ ‘Abd Allåh, 101 al-Mahd∏ li-D∏n Allåh al-‘Abbås, 104 al-Mutawakkil al-Qåsim, 101, 103 Sharaf al-D∏n, 101, 624 Mu™ammad al-Badr (see ©am∏d al-D∏n family) Ya™yå ibn ©am∏d al-D∏n (see ©am∏d al-D∏n

family) al-Imån University, 581 IMF (see International Monetary Fund) imports, xxvii, 9, 11, 22, 24, 29, 36, 44, 62, 65-67,

70, 73, 78, 81-83, 85-86, 90, 95-96, 98-102, 104, 116, 119, 135-137, 142, 164, 166, 179-180, 182, 184-185, 187, 200, 202, 210, 219, 224, 226-228, 243-244, 260, 262, 290, 335, 342-343, 350, 354, 357, 367, 405, 415, 423, 445, 447, 454, 459-460, 466, 473, 481, 483, 491, 555, 583

incentives, 208-209, 219, 223-224, 227 India & Indians, 3, 73, 81, 85, 90, 108, 396, 418,

445, 461, 484, 488, 540-541, 543, 547-548, 551-552, 555, 559, 567, 587

Indonesia, 437 inflation, 179, 189, 243, 250, 286-287, 374, 498,

505, 508, 511 insecticides (see pesticides) interest-free loans, 549 internal colonization, 439 International Arab Narcotics Bureau (IANB) (Arab

League), 112, 114, 116 International Coffee Agreement, 558 International Coffee Organization, 116, 558, 560 International Council for Alcohol and Addictions,

230, 308 International Fund for Agricultural Development

(IFAD), 560 International Monetary Fund (IMF), 51-52, 55, 223,

232, 243-244, 259-260, 278, 286-287, 290-291, 293, 369, 386, 406, 424, 437, 498, 511, 588

Iran, 52, 54, 181, 462, 464, 481, 625, 627 Iraq, 47, 50, 245, 282, 285, 287, 289, 292, 373, 462,

487, 563

XII. Index

813

irrigation (see also tanker trucks), 9, 11, 14, 22, 24, 26, 29, 120, 188, 203-205, 223-225, 228, 235-237, 253, 257, 259, 262-264, 277-279, 304, 324-327, 334, 339, 342, 344, 346-347, 350, 352-353, 359, 367, 369, 393, 404, 408, 411, 449, 552, 459, 466-468, 471, 473, 475, 477, 481, 483, 487, 507, 521, 530, 535, 539-540, 545-546, 548, 551-552, 558-559, 577, 583-584, 622, 627, 629, 633, 657, 659-660, 690, 692-693, 696, 698, 706, 712-713, 716, 718, 720, 722, 724, 726, 728, 732, 736, 738, 758, 768, 772

al-Iryån∏ family ‘Abd al-Kar∏m (Prime Minister), 356, 502, 542,

706 ‘Abd al-Ra™mån Fañl (Minister), xxxii, 311,

341, 343, 358, 453, 456-460, 633 ‘Abd al-Ra™mån Ya™yå, (President), 171, 173,

178-180, 183, 185 Hind (blogger), 586-587 Mu™ammad Lu’f (Minister), xxxii, 224, 325, 554

Isiolo Native District Council (Kenya), 63, 621 al-I”lå™ Party, 124, 282, 370, 384, 386, 430, 462,

502, 572, 575-576, 581, 583, 672, 682 Islamic emirate, 443 Islamic Front, 198 Islamists, 53, 119, 134, 144-149, 151, 384-387,

408, 443, 484-485, 491-497, 565, 567, 619, 623, 625, 628, 672, 681-682, 686, 687

Ismå‘∏l∏s, 131, 540, 543, 551-552, 554-555, 677, 748 Israel (see also Jews), 2, 33, 99, 164, 170, 202, 301,

305, 308, 336, 369, 462, 567, 622, 630, 679, 698, 700, 703

Italian Somaliland, 61, 70 Italy & Italians, 47, 61, 63-64, 70, 74, 86, 105, 112,

128, 135, 207, 284, 459, 493, 559 al-Ittihad al-Islami (Somalia), 492 Itti™åd al-Qiwå al-Sha‘b∏yya (Union of Popular

Forces), 463 ‘Iyål Suray™, xxxvi, 185

Ja‘år (see also Waqår), 443, 496 Jabl al-Ahn·m, xxxii, 218, 413 Jabl al-Dukhån, 476 Jabl al-Nab∏ Shu‘ayb, 22 Jabl Ban∏ Saw’, 413 Jabl Fayfå’ Development Program, 120, 129 Jabl ‘Iyål Suray™, 229 Jabl Mil™ån, 669 Jabl Nuqum, 14, 223 Jabl “abr & “abr∏ qå t, 3-4, 74, 78, 81, 242, 261,

403, 557, 654 al-Jabal∏, A™mad Sålim, xxxiii, 255-256, 275, 295,

297, 312, 676, 730, 732 Jahm tribe, xxxvi Jamå‘at An”år al-Shar∏‘a of Abyan, 134, 496, 681 Japan, 559 al-Jawf∏, ‘Abd al-Fattå™ Ismå‘∏l ‘Al∏, 166, 168, 381,

622

al-Jawf, xxviii, 5, 28, 47-48, 51, 198, 203-204, 224, 249, 283, 292, 358, 467, 470, 474, 479, 490, 505, 509, 513, 517, 621-622, 627, 771, 776

Jåzån, xxvii, 2, 48, 116, 119-132, 134, 290, 476, 486, 488, 621

al-Jazeera, 280, 328, 348, 355, 441, 580-581, 588 Jews & Judaism (see also Israel), xxxiv, 2, 59, 73,

101, 336, 567, 659, 679 Jibla, 541, 554 Ji™åna, 47, 202, 330, 332, 485, 493, 573, 674 Jidda, 122, 290, 450, 476, 484-485, 488, 489 Jidda Treaty, 485 jihåd, 441, 466, 473, 497, 681 Joint Meeting Parties (JMP), 332, 571, 575, 579, 583 Jordan, 292, 350, 375, 466, 774 Juvenalis, Decimus Junius, 370 Kamarån Island, 99 Karmån, Tawakkul, 579, 586, 588 Kat∏r∏ Sultanate, 380 Kenya, xxvii, xxxvii-xxxviii, 2, 53, 63-64, 70, 81,

95, 136, 140, 142-145, 147-149, 151, 226, 437, 491-492, 621-623, 626-627, 630-631

Khambalia, Yusuf, xxxiv, 548, 550 Khamir, 218, 627 Khat Ordinance (Kenya), 63 al-Khånbåsh∏, Sal∏m A™mad, 457-458 Khawlån, xxxvi, 24, 28, 47, 227, 292, 471, 573,

578, 628, 664 Khayrån, ©usayn, 454, 460 Kh·rmaksar, 95, 99, 398, 402, 404-406 kidnapping & hostages, 48, 109, 282-285, 289, 292,

387, 430, 463 King al-Mu’ayyad Dåw·d, 1 King ©usayn of ©ijåz, 105 Kings of Yemen (see Imåmate & Imåms and

©am∏d al-D∏n family Kings of Saudi Arabia (see Sa‘·d family) Ku™lån, 258 Kuwait, 9, 47, 50, 114, 188, 245, 287, 289, 291-

292, 423, 447, 460, 487, 521 La™ij (see also ‘Abdal∏ Sultanate of La™ij), 28, 48,

74-75, 78, 82, 85-86, 88, 99, 105, 164, 166, 168-169, 232, 249, 254, 382, 389, 402-404, 406, 409, 424, 437, 440-443, 512-514, 516, 525, 771, 776

La™ij, Sultanate of (see ‘Abdal∏ Sultanate of La™ij) Land Possession Survey, 29 Lawdar, 408-409 League of Arab States, xxx, 114-115 League of Nations, xxxvii, 59-60, 62-63, 624 League of the Sons of Yemen, 431 Lebanon, 124, 308, 521, 538, 569, 586 Legislative Council, 85, 89, 99 leisure opportunities, xxix, 11, 15, 61, 109, 120,

150, 166, 181, 206, 262, 280, 304, 327, 438, 633 Libya, 114, 372 Lichtenthäler, Gerhard, 237, 476, 487

XII. Index

814

Little Aden, 85-86, 398, 405 little dictators, 585-586 Local Authority Law, 498, 500, 502-503, 505-506,

510, 513-514 Local Development Associations (LDA), 185, 498,

520 London, 59, 90 Luce, William Tucker, 89 al-Lu™ayya, 206, 490, 665 Luqmån, Mu™ammad ‘Al∏, 90 al-Ma‘allå’, 8, 383, 396, 398, 404, 527, 406 Ma‘bar, 347, 348 Madagascar, xxvii, xxxviii, 2, 230 al-Mad∏na, 488 al-Mahd∏ (see Imåmate & Imåms) al-Mahra, 48, 166, 169, 232, 249, 380, 387, 389,

402-403, 408, 410, 419, 421-423, 426, 428, 434, 439-440, 443, 446-447, 505, 509, 513, 517, 521, 765, 771, 776

al-Mahra, Sultanate of, 380 al-Ma™w∏t, 28, 203, 204, 214, 248-249, 261, 350,

417, 473, 509, 513-514, 534, 640, 669, 771, 776 Malaysia, 437 malnutrition (see also nutrition), xxvii, 20, 32, 92,

276, 290, 294, 626, 633 Manåkha, 22, 352, 540, 545, 656, 560, 750 Mannå‘, Shaykh Fåris Mu™ammad, 332, 466, 480 Man”·r, ‘Abd al-Malik, 266 Man”·r∏ clan, 78 Mantel, Volker, xxxiv, 585 Maria Therese coin, 563-564, 566 Mårib, xxviii, xl, 5, 11, 17, 28, 47, 51, 53-54, 112,

170-171, 182, 187-188, 198, 203-205, 218, 224, 227, 249, 261, 283, 286, 292, 331, 358, 409-411, 415-416, 418, 420, 422-423, 426, 429, 437, 442, 467, 470, 505, 509, 513, 517, 563, 583, 628, 630, 666, 675, 771, 776

Mårib dam, 442, 563 Mårib gas turbine, 583 marriage (see weddings) Marxism, 47-48, 163, 169, 198, 289, 380-381, 522,

565 al-Mashriq∏, Fu’åd, 339 al-Mas∏la, 47-48, 414, 417-418, 436-437, 439, 764 Masqa’, 312 al-Ma”r∏, Ab· ©amza, 282 Mecca, 92, 116, 134, 484, 488 Médecins sans Frontières, xxxi Meru Native District Council (Kenya), 64, 621 Meru Traders Society (Kenya), 65 Meru tribe (Kenya), 64 methcathinone, 679 Mexico, 30, 268 migration and migrant workers (see work migration

and rural-urban migration) al-Mi™ñār, Zayn al-‘ãbid∏n Ab· Bakr, 282, 292

military (armed forces), xxvii, xxxv-xxxvi, 47, 64, 70, 81, 92, 99, 112, 130, 135, 137, 140, 142-143, 145, 164, 169, 171, 176, 179-180, 184-191, 197-198, 206, 209-212, 214, 223, 230, 235-236, 243, 266-267, 270, 282, 290, 292-293, 301, 308, 331-332, 341, 346-347, 369, 374, 381, 384-387, 407, 410, 423, 426, 432, 437, 440-441, 445, 447, 449, 451-454, 457, 460, 462-464, 466, 470-471, 473-476, 479, 491, 494, 498, 525, 530, 575-576, 621, 626, 628

Military Command Council, 184-185, 190 military-commercial complex, 198 Millennium Development Goals (MDG), 276-277,

326, 352 Ministry of Agriculture, xxxiii, xxxix, 1, 11, 13,

175, 184, 187, 200, 203-204, 221, 224, 228, 230, 245-246, 248, 250-257, 259, 262-263, 274-276, 295-297, 305, 309-310, 325-326, 334-337, 341-342, 344-347, 350, 352-353, 456, 481, 483, 487, 540, 545-546, 559-560, 588, 634, 676, 690, 696, 698, 706-707, 712, 716, 718, 720, 722, 724, 726, 728, 730, 732, 736, 738, 776

Ministry of Civil Service, 271, 500, 530, 573 Ministry of Construction, Housing & Urban

Planning, 514 Ministry of Culture and Tourism, 266, 530 Ministry of Defense, 341, 466, 726 Ministry of Education, 178, 200, 310, 529, 588,

634, 728 Ministry of Electricity, 324, 330, 342, 588, 738 Ministry of Endowments and Religious Guidance,

525, 551 Ministry of Finance, 232, 500, 503, 505-506, 509-

510, 514, 696, 720, 726, 738, 773, 696, 726 Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 270 Ministry of Health and Population, 200, 271, 313,

335, 341, 588, 634, 728, 738 Ministry of Industry and Commerce, 720 Ministry of Industry and Trade, 341-343, 481 Ministry of Information, 310, 324, 588, 634 Ministry of Interior, 230, 332, 341, 378, 698, 720,

726, 734, 770 Ministry of Justice, 378, 720 Ministry of Legal Affairs, 342, 738 Ministry of Local Administration, xxxiii, 214, 356,

358, 457, 500, 503, 505, 508-510, 514, 516, 738, 740, 742

Ministry of Municipal Affairs, 221 Ministry of Oil and Mineral Resources, 48, 505 Ministry of Planning, xxxii, xxxix, 30, 151, 203,

246, 254, 263, 274-276, 280, 287, 289, 291, 295-298, 300-301, 309-310, 312, 324, 327, 337, 339, 345, 352, 357, 378, 500, 505, 540, 554, 619, 676, 690, 696, 706-707, 773

Ministry of Public Works and Highways, 505 Ministry of Social Affairs, 520 Ministry of Supply and Trade, 221, 223, 629, 760 Ministry of Tourism and Environment, 726, 728 Ministry of Transport, 458

XII. Index

815

Ministry of Water and Environment, xxxii, xxxix, 224, 235, 237, 291, 311, 325, 341-343, 353, 358, 453, 456-459, 538, 554, 567, 581, 633-634, 738, 772

Ministry of Youth and Sports, 266, 309, 529, 530, 718

Miraa Prohibition Ordinance (Kenya), 64 Mogadishu, 63, 70, 136-140, 142-149, 151, 622, 686 Moi, Daniel Arap, 143 Morocco, 3, 375 Moser, Charles, 5, 59, 74-75, 79, 80 Mozambique, 2 Mubarak, Hosni, 572 Mu™ammad, ‘Al∏ Nå”ir, 168 Mu™ammad, Mu™ammad ïayf Allåh, 270 Mu™arram, Ismå‘∏l, xxxiii, xxxv, xxxvii, 253, 302,

353, 538 Mu™yi al-D∏n, Am∏n, xxxiii, 323 Mujawar, ‘Al∏ Mu™ammad, 330, 342, 560, 576 al-Mukallå, 261, 273, 294, 385-386, 408-410, 414-

421, 425-427, 431, 436, 443, 457-458, 460, 475, 501, 516, 567, 666-667, 764, 768

al-Mukhå’, 8, 106 Mu”’afå, Na”r ‘aha, 281 Muft∏, xxxiv, xxxix, xli, 102, 109, 112, 116, 119,

134, 136, 146 al-Mutawakkil (see Imåmate & Imåms) al-Mutawakkil, Ya™yå, xxxii, 185, 343 Mutawakkilite Kingdom, 112, 114, 563, 622 MV Limburg (oil tanker), 283 al-Najāt Foundation for Fighting Qå t, 581 Najrån, 116, 119, 129, 131, 488 al-Naq∏b, ‘Aydar·s, 441 Nåshir, ‘Abd Allåh ‘Abd al-Wal∏, 200 Nasser (see Abd al-Nå”ir, Jamål) Nasserism, 197 National Association for Confronting the Harms of

Qå t (NACHQ), 265, 277, 281, 296, 523-526, 538, 678

National Conference on Qå t (see First National Conference on Qå t)

National Democratic Front (NDF), 197-198 National Dialogue, 571 National Human Development Report (NHDR),

263, 277, 521 National Liberation Front, 180 National Society for Combating Qå t, 265, 307 National Water Resources Authority (NWRA),

xxxiii, xxxix, 260, 348, 349, 372, 527 National Water Sector Strategy and Investment

Program (NWSSIP), 325 natural pest control, 658 Netherlands (Dutch), 3, 17, 206-207, 255, 309, 773 New Zealand, 559 NGO (see Non-Governmental Organizations) Niebuhr, Carsten, xxxvii, 2-3, 16, 104, 111 Nihm, xxxvi, 28, 47, 212, 214, 227, 583, 630

Nobel Peace Prize, 579, 586, 588 Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) (see also

civil society), 127-128, 132, 134, 244, 262-263, 265, 277, 296, 298, 301, 358, 369, 387, 429-431, 520-523, 525, 528-530, 532-534, 536, 538-539, 581, 588, 624-625, 634, 678, 707

norpseudoephedrine, 32 North Korea, 202 North Yemen (see also Yemen Arab Republic),

xxx, xxvii, 9, 11, 22, 43, 44, 47, 90, 92-93, 95, 99, 104-105, 114, 116, 119, 134, 136, 163-166, 168-171, 178, 180-181, 184, 186, 197, 205, 230, 232, 245, 248-249, 254, 289, 374, 381, 388, 402-403, 405, 408, 412, 424, 427, 431, 434, 439, 441, 449, 462, 465, 479, 494, 498, 511-512, 514, 563, 565, 622-624

Norway, 3 Nu‘mån, A™mad Mu™ammad, 112, 179 nutrition (see also malnutrition), 234, 263, 276,

326, 352, 357, 692 al-Nuwayra, Mu™ammad A™mad, 245, 248-249,

254 Obama, Barak, 493 Odysseus, 234 Official Development Assistance (ODA), 287-289,

291, 311-312 Ogaden, 135-136, 142, 145, 622 oil, xxviii, xxix, xxx, xxxviii, 9, 11, 43-44, 47-54,

116, 119, 125, 129-130, 135, 146, 170-171, 178, 180, 182, 198, 208, 223, 243, 250, 281, 283-287, 289-291, 293, 295, 311-312, 323, 339, 350, 354, 373, 381, 384, 410, 414, 418-419, 422-423, 437, 439, 487, 505, 507, 533, 548, 583, 586, 621, 625-626, 628-630, 632-634

olives, 324, 327, 348, 350, 352, 751 Oman, xxviii, 422, 441, 446-447 OPEC, 54-55, 285 Operation Flying Carpet, 2 Operation Restore Hope, 142-143 Operation Scorched Earth, 471, 475, 482 Operation Somalia Express, 491 opium, 59, 62, 90, 113, 119, 122, 231, 358, 367,

396-397, 485, 538 Opposition Coordination Council, 431 Ottomans & Ottoman occupation, xxxix, 8-9, 43, 92,

103-104, 107, 136, 366, 388, 498, 510-511, 621 Oxfam, 275, 522, 524-525, 528, 584, 773 Pakistanis, 122, 488 Palestine and Palestinians, 292, 308, 703 Pan Arab Organization of Social Defense (Arab

League), 174 Pan-Arabism, 186, 563 Paris Club, 243 Parliament, 28, 30, 173, 181, 183, 185, 188, 190,

260, 268, 272, 280-281, 291, 298, 324, 329-332, 335, 339, 353, 357, 370, 373, 384, 430, 441, 462-463, 498, 500, 502, 509-510, 579, 702, 771

XII. Index

816

patronage, xxviii-xxix, xxx, 47-48, 53-54, 129-130, 198, 201, 210, 214, 218, 224, 290, 355, 388, 426, 456, 460, 511, 536, 674

Pawelka, Peter, xxxi, 54-55, 290 PDRY (see People’s Democratic Republic of

Yemen) People’s Constituent Assembly, 197-198, 223, 234 People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY)

(see also South Yemen), 11, 13, 47, 137, 163-166, 168-169, 178, 180, 183, 186, 188-190, 197, 203, 232, 243-247, 249, 287, 289, 343, 367, 381-382, 384-385, 388, 393, 395, 399, 402, 405, 407-409, 440, 443, 445, 447, 498-499, 513, 520, 563, 565, 587, 734

pesticides & insecticides, xxvii, 36-37, 120, 256-257, 259, 263, 274, 300-302, 309-310, 327, 334-337, 341-344, 346, 353-354, 357, 367, 449, 459, 467, 471, 473, 475, 519, 530, 533-536, 555, 624-625, 630, 633, 661, 676, 683, 693, 698, 700, 707, 712-713, 720, 726, 728, 738, 758, 772

petroleum (see oil) piracy, 461, 484, 494, 626 Plant Quarantine Law, 226, 454 plygamy, 386 Poland, 284 Political Security Organization (PSO), 387, 583, 586 popular army, 474, 478 population, xxviii, xxix, 9, 11, 14, 17, 27, 30-31,

43, 53, 63, 67, 70, 73, 83, 89, 97, 113, 116, 119, 120-121, 123, 125, 128-129, 132, 135-136, 145, 150, 164, 171-172, 174, 182, 243, 260, 263, 277-278, 298, 302, 305, 335, 339, 346-348, 352, 354, 357, 367, 370, 372, 380, 382, 384, 387, 397, 406, 408, 418, 420-422, 426-427, 436, 439, 445-447, 449, 452-453, 456- 457, 460-462, 467-468, 471, 473, 481, 487, 496-497, 505, 518, 552, 575, 578, 583-584

population growth, 55, 263, 277-278, 406, 439, 446 poverty & the poor, xxvii, xxix, xxxvii, xl, 9, 20-

21, 27, 32, 52, 81, 85, 121, 131, 169, 224, 243, 260, 263, 276, 278-279, 284, 290, 294, 298, 305, 310, 326-327, 343-344, 346, 352, 374, 377, 412, 425, 427, 437, 507, 619, 626, 633, 667, 706, 712

Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP), 276, 278-280, 326, 619

Presidential Council, 164, 176 pro-“åli™ or pro-northern militias, 432, 442, 522 Protectorate States of South Arabia, 85, 100, 104 Public Cleaning Tax, 506, 514 Puntland, 142, 144, 461 Qabr al-Nab∏ H·d, 432 al-Qå‘ida in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP), 443,

496-497, 559 al-Qå‘ida, xxxvi, 54, 146, 151, 283, 292, 357, 387,

408, 441, 443, 474, 491, 493-497, 539, 628, 681 Qalansiyya (Socotra), 445-447, 449, 451, 453, 458 Qånūn “an‘å ’ (Statute of “an‘å’), 101-102

Qåsimid dynasty, 101 qå t campaigns, 67, 173, 182, 184-185, 273, 433,

625, 628, 634 Qå t Commission of Inquiry, 89 qå t conference (see First National Conference on

Qå t) Qat Exporting Company of Harar, 97-98 qå t, fruit and vegetable import ban, 224, 227-228, Qå t Hazards Control Society of Ta‘izz (QHCS),

522, 526, 530-533, 537, 678 Qat Importing Company Ltd. (CHATCO), 96-98 Qå t Mafia, 176 qå t prohibition (bans), xxvii, xxxvii, 62-64, 83,

165-166, 173 Qå t Research Unit, xxxiii, xxxix, 203, 253, 256-

259, 263, 274, 302, 305, 327, 676, 693, 713, 730, 732

qå t runners, 488-490, 681 Qå t Sellers’ Union, 92 qå t substitution (alternative crops), 176, 187, 323,

327, 339, 344, 347-348, 350-353, 358, 541-545, 547-549, 551, 554-555, 558-560

qå t taboo, xxviii, xxxvii, 200, 281, 308, 313, 625 Qå t Tree Island, 569 qå t uprooting, xxxv-xxxvi, 126, 173, 185, 339-340,

346-350, 352-353, 355, 358, 536, 540, 542-545, 547-549, 551-552, 554, 558-560, 622, 624, 748, 750, 754, 758

Qa‘’aba, 168, 189, 390, 392-393, 395, 404, 411, 766 Qatar, 54, 114, 181, 470, 559 al-Qirb∏, Ab· Bakr, 270, 272-273 qishr (see also coffee), 50, 74, 557, 562 Qu‘ay’∏ Sultanate, 380 Queen Arwå, 541, 554 Qu’ayb∏ tribe, 92 Radå‘, 28, 30, 168, 259, 347, 393, 395, 408-409,

411-412, 416, 418-419, 421, 425, 427, 443, 487, 494, 497, 666, 681, 736, 766-768

Radfån, 92, 94-95, 441, 443, 683 rainfall, xxviii, 2, 22-24, 26, 179, 185, 203-204,

210, 223, 237, 348, 350, 404, 408, 413, 421, 439, 445, 473, 475, 477, 481, 507, 552-553, 555, 558-559, 561, 626, 632, 653, 655-656, 662, 713

rainfed farming, 14, 24, 27, 29, 45, 203, 223-224, 279, 324, 343, 772

rainwater harvesting, 350, 693 raisins (see also grapes), 101, 481-483 Ra’s ‘∑så, 47, 583 Ra’s ‘Imrån, 86 Rash∏d, Salmån, xxxiv, 540, 542-545, 549, 554, 560 al-Ra”∏n, Shaykh A™mad Mu™ammad, xxxvi, 25-27 Ras·lid Imåmate, 1, 101 Råwih, ‘Abd al-Wahhåb, 266 Rayda, xxxiv, xl, 659 Rayma, xxxix, 28, 500, 509-510, 513-514, 771

XII. Index

817

Red Sea, xxvii, 1, 2, 8, 47, 61, 65, 67, 88, 99-100, 123, 129, 164, 225, 286, 290-291, 335, 385, 411, 464, 488, 538, 583, 628, 631, 665

Reece, Gerald, 63 Regional Station for Research of the Northern

Districts, 255, 259, 352, 676, 730 religion, xxvii, xxx, xxxiv, xli, 3, 19-20, 35, 61,

103, 116, 118, 127, 129, 130-132, 134, 136-138, 168, 173, 176, 274-275, 280, 296, 298, 301, 313, 331, 334, 339, 341, 348, 365, 381, 405, 427-428, 432-433, 462, 469, 499, 502-503, 506-508, 520, 525, 530, 533, 535, 540-541, 551, 554, 565, 569, 621, 624, 628

remittances (see work migration & remittances) rentier state, xxviii, xxx, xxxi, 43, 47, 54-55, 180,

625, 628, 634 rents & rent-seeking, xxviii, xxx, 43, 47, 50, 54-55,

114, 134, 142, 171, 180, 182, 243, 365, 393, 405, 450, 484, 514, 525, 529, 536, 621, 625

revenge crimes, 236 revenue crisis, xxx, 265, 288, 311, 286-287, 291-

292, 295, 311 revolution (1962), 26, 100, 112, 163, 169-171, 174-

175, 180, 183, 185, 210, 365-368, 372, 388, 462, 466, 490, 507, 511, 520, 530, 534, 538, 540-541, 563-565, 571-572, 575-581, 583, 585-586, 588, 757

al-R∏™ån∏, Am∏n, 105 riots, 367, 369, 371, 541, 576 al-Riyåñ, 114, 122, 181, 290-291, 355, 464, 485-

486, 488-489 Royal Air Force (United Kingdom), 93 Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), 491 Rub‘ al-Khål∏ desert, 203, 227, 410, 421 ruling bargain (state with tribes), xxviii, 54, 199-

201, 620, 625 rural economy, xxvii, xl, 9, 22, 248, 253, 257, 275,

297, 302, 326-327, 428, 483, 619 rural-urban migration, 302, 552, 561 Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Authority, 341 rural Yemen, xxvii-xxviii, xxxii, xl, 45, 185, 244-

246, 248, 250, 253-254, 256-257, 260, 262-264, 275, 277-278, 292, 297-298, 302, 326, 350-351

Rushby, Kevin, 246 Russia (see also Soviet Union), 124, 142, 165, 202,

268, 422, 558 Russian Club (“an‘å’), 284 al-Ruzåm∏, ‘Abd Allåh, 463-464 “a‘da, xxvii, xxx, 5, 28, 44, 54, 122, 129, 180, 204,

218, 227-228, 249, 292, 324, 330, 332-333, 348, 350, 357, 462, 463, 465-470, 473-481, 483-485, 487-489, 494, 497, 509, 512-513, 539-540, 565, 567, 585, 619, 622, 627, 669, 771, 776

“a‘da war (see also Zayd∏ insurgency), 462-464, 476, 479, 481, 486, 494, 682

al-Sådåt, Mu™ammad Anwar, 180 “åfir, 47 Sa‘∏d, Faq∏h, 73

Sa‘∏d, Khålid Mu™ammad, xxxii, xxxix, 275, 676 Saifee, Najmuddin, xxxiv, 543, 551-553, 555 Salaf∏s, 134, 165, 445, 462, 466, 473-475, 497, 628 salaries (see also wages), 8, 67, 83, 120, 190, 221,

259, 287, 370, 373-374, 377, 393, 426, 449, 454, 498, 503, 516, 531, 539, 548, 573, 575

“åli™ family, A™mad ‘Al∏, 292, 474, 502, 539, 571, 583, 620,

675 ‘Al∏ ‘Abd Allåh, xxix, xxxiv, xxxvii, 134, 182,

189, 197-201, 206-212, 218, 223, 225, 226, 230, 234-235, 245, 265-266, 268, 270-271, 281-282, 284, 286, 291-292, 294, 296, 298, 300-301, 323-325, 328-330, 332, 334, 339, 341, 344, 346-348, 355-359, 365-367, 369-372, 374, 378, 381, 384-386, 430, 443, 456-457, 460, 464, 474-475, 478-479, 484, 490, 502, 511, 525, 530, 535, 538-539, 541, 571-572, 575-576, 578-581, 583, 586, 619-620, 622, 625- 626, 633, 684, 698, 700, 702-703, 706

Mu™ammad ‘Abd Allåh, 198, 585 “åli™ mosque, 572 “åli™ regime, xxviii, xxx, xxxviii, 26, 48, 54, 136,

169, 198, 201, 208, 230, 234, 290, 365, 369, 370, 372, 386, 388, 432, 441, 447, 454, 462, 468, 475, 479, 494, 565, 573, 578, 580, 653, 683-684.

al-Sallål, ‘Abd Allåh, 169-171, 625 al-Samarqand∏, Naj∏b al-D∏n, 2 Samoa, 681 “an‘å’, xxviii, xxxvi, xl, 1, 5, 13-17, 22-24, 26, 28,

30, 36, 42, 45-47, 101-105, 109, 112, 125, 134, 162, 176, 178, 180-181, 185, 187, 189, 197-198, 203-205, 207-208, 210, 212-215, 219-220, 222-229, 236-237, 246, 248-249, 254, 256, 259, 270, 278-279, 281, 294, 298-299, 308-309, 311, 322-323, 325, 328, 330-336, 339-341, 343, 346-347, 350, 352-353, 356, 359, 381, 367, 369-370, 372, 375, 377, 384-386, 390, 396, 398-399, 402, 406-407, 412, 416, 421, 423, 427, 429, 437, 442-443, 446, 449-452, 457-458, 463, 466, 468, 470-473, 475, 480-483, 485, 487, 490, 494-495, 500, 502, 505, 509-510, 513-514, 516, 518-519, 523, 525, 529, 532, 534, 536, 540-541, 543, 545, 551, 553, 555, 559-560, 562, 569, 571-573, 576, 578, 581-582, 584-585, 586, 588, 623-624, 627-628, 630, 636, 653, 656, 658-659, 664-665, 669-671, 673-674, 682, 688, 692, 700, 702, 706, 712, 716, 736, 760, 771, 776

“an‘å’University (see University of “an‘å’) San™ån, xxxvi, 197-198, 210, 212-214, 223, 237,

294, 580, 585, 630 San™ån-Hamdån tribal-military-commercial

complex, 198 Sa‘·d family, 48, 116, 199, 621

‘Abd al-‘Az∏z ibn Sa‘·d (king), 116, 129 ‘Abd Allåh bin ‘Abd al-‘Az∏z (king), 125, 127, 476

XII. Index

818

Fahd ibn ‘Abd al-‘Az∏z ãl Sa‘·d (king), 291 Fay”al ibn ‘Abd al-‘Az∏z ãl Sa‘·d (king), 171 Mu™ammad bin Nå”ir bin ‘Abd al-‘Az∏z

(prince), 125-127 Nåyif bin ‘Abd al-‘Az∏z (prince), 125

Saudi Arabia & Saudis, xxvii-xxviii, xxx, 2-3, 9, 22, 44, 47-48, 50-51, 53, 100, 114, 116-127, 129-132, 134, 136-137, 146, 169, 171, 179-181, 185-188, 190, 197-199, 201, 223, 228, 230, 232, 284, 289-292, 323, 328, 331, 335, 355, 381, 385, 408, 410, 422, 423, 428, 439, 457, 462, 464, 466, 468, 475-476, 483-490, 493-494, 496-497, 521, 547, 559, 583, 621, 624-628, 631, 633, 681, 706, 742, 772

Saudi-Yemeni border, 121, 228, 292, 476, 488-490 Saudi-Yemeni Joint Coordination Council, 186, 355 savings, 174, 429, 434 Say’·n, 261, 273, 409, 414, 416-418, 420-421, 427,

431, 433, 437, 439, 442, 460, 764 secession & war of secession, xxviii 166, 282, 357,

369, 380-381, 384-387, 393, 406, 423, 428, 430-432, 436-437, 440-441, 443, 446-447, 454, 494, 522, 565, 576, 619, 672

Second World War, 65-66, 81-82, 92, 105, 107, 112, 622

sex, 15, 18-19, 20, 35, 489 al-Shabåb militia (see ©arakat al-Shabåb al-

Mujåhid∏n) Shabbazi, Salem, 59 al-Sha‘b∏, Naj∏b Qa™’ån, 281 Shabwa, 28, 47-48, 99, 164, 166, 169, 224, 232,

249, 282, 381, 388-390, 393, 402, 409, 424, 431, 443, 497, 509, 512-513, 628, 754, 765, 771, 776

Shåfi‘∏s, 129, 432, 434, 496, 554, 625, 628 al-Shahår∏, Få’ima “åli™, 175, 754 Sharaf al-D∏n (see Imåmate & Imåms) shar∏ ‘a, 119, 144, 150, 173, 381, 384, 386, 443,

496, 507 al-Shaykh ‘Uthmån, 85-86, 166, 395, 396, 398,

401, 405 Shibåm, 273, 431, 434-435, 491 Shidaywa, Mu™ammad, xxxiii Shihåra, 351 Shiites, 129, 131, 441, 464, 466, 497, 627 al-Shu‘ayb∏, Ya™yå Mu™ammad, 301 Sh·ra Council (see Consultative Council) “irwå™, 227 smoking (see also tobacco), 37, 124, 144, 146, 148-

150, 208, 358, 397, 419, 496, 524, 527-528, 536, 539, 629, 633, 670

smuggling & smugglers, xxxvi, xxvii, 29, 62, 64, 66, 86, 88, 90, 92, 105, 112, 114, 116-117, 119-124, 126-127, 129, 131, 137-140, 165-166, 180, 199, 221, 228, 230, 232, 302, 309, 328, 334-335, 395, 408-410, 418, 422-423, 426, 458, 464, 466, 476, 481, 483-493, 497, 530, 622, 631, 681, 698, 700, 720, 726

Social Fund for Development (SFD), xxxii, xxxix, 310, 324, 337-340, 357

Socialists (see also Yemeni Socialist Party), 163-166, 168, 377, 381-384-388, 390, 395, 398, 402, 405, 408, 427, 430, 437, 441, 445, 498, 502, 512, 572, 619, 628, 683

Society for Struggling against Qå t, 429, 432, 527-528, 569, 678

Socotra, xxix, 24, 166, 261, 341, 344, 353, 358, 380-381, 387, 410, 414, 428, 443, 445-461, 568-569, 584, 621, 633, 740, 742, 744, 746, 765

Somali National Movement (SNM), 140 Somalia, xxix-xxx, xxxvii-xxxviii, 2, 17, 61, 63-66,

70, 73, 81, 116, 119, 130, 134-138, 140-151, 230-331, 372, 399, 408, 443, 461, 466, 480, 484, 488, 491-494, 497, 547, 568, 572, 622-623, 625, 626-628, 630-631, 686

Somaliland, 59, 61-65, 67-71, 90, 140-142 South Africa, 587, 706 South Korea, 54, 285, 491 South Yemen (see also People’s Democratic

Republic of Yemen), xxvii, xxviii, xxx, 9, 43-44, 47-48, 116, 163-166, 168, 171, 185, 191, 249, 282, 380-381, 385, 411, 413, 434, 441, 498, 563, 622-624, 683, 756

Southern Movement, 440-443, 522, 539 Soviet Union (see also Russia), 47, 163, 168, 179,

180-182, 198, 243, 246, 282, 284, 287, 289 Special Guards, 292, 497, 539, 583, 620, 675 Specialty Coffee Association of America (SCAA),

555 Statute of “an‘å’ (see Qånūn “an‘å ’) “ubay™∏ tribe, 78 subsidies, xxviii, 51-52, 55, 176, 179, 181, 187,

200, 208, 210, 223-224, 234, 243, 244, 262, 286-287, 290, 293, 365, 367, 369-370, 422, 445, 466, 485, 505, 510, 547, 573, 575-576, 626, 628-629, 632

Sudan, xxvii, 2, 65, 114, 125, 484, 626 “·fån, A™mad Mu™ammad, xxxii, 275, 295, 297,

300-301, 312, 324, 676, 706 “·f∏s (mystics), 3, 61, 101, 670, 751 al-“uhayb∏, Nu‘mån ‘åhir, xxxiv suicide bombers, 491, 494, 539 “ulay™id dynasty, 540-541 Sulaymån∏s, 543-545, 750 Sunn∏s, 129, 462, 466, 491, 496-497, 628, 748 Supreme Court (Yemen), 284 Supreme National Authority for Combating

Corruption (SNACC), 330, 375 Supreme People’s Council, 168, 622 Sūq al-Mil™, 111, 187, 197, 281, 483, 760 Sūq al-‘al™, 330, 333, 463, 466, 477, 484, 493 al-“uraym∏, ‘Al∏, 341 Sweden, xxxviii, 3, 129, 538, 586 Switzerland, 124 Syria & Syrians, 105, 114, 115, 125, 350, 372, 466,

563

Index

819

al-Ta™r∏r Square, xxix, 311, 372, 571, 573-574, 684 Ta‘izz, 1, 3-5, 11, 17, 22, 28, 45, 73-74, 78, 81, 88,

104-105, 107, 109, 112, 164, 171, 178, 186-187, 189, 197, 204, 214, 224, 236, 242, 249, 254, 261, 273, 334-335, 346, 350, 358, 384, 386, 388, 396, 399, 402-406, 416, 423, 429, 437, 441, 446, 449, 509, 513-514, 516, 522-523, 525-526, 529-534, 537, 541, 548, 557, 576, 586-588, 628-629, 654, 678, 771, 776

‘alāl, ‘I”ām, 33, 36, 294, 309, 370 ‘ålibån, 494 tanker trucks (see also irrigation), 223, 225, 473 Tanzania, 65, 437 Tar∏m, xxxiv, 273, 414, 416, 418, 421, 423, 431-

434, 437, 439, 564, 764 ‘arm·m, ‘Abd al-Ra™mån, xxxii, 275, 295-296,

297, 312, 324 al-Tåwah∏, 398, 405-406 taxes and taxation, xxvii, xxix, xxxiv, xxxvi,

xxxviii-xxxix, 22, 43, 47, 54-55, 64, 66-67, 74, 78, 84, 88, 100-101, 104, 107-108, 116, 129, 135, 146-147, 163-164, 170-171, 173, 186, 189, 199-200, 203, 209-214, 218-224, 232, 234, 247, 253, 259-260, 262, 264, 276, 279-280, 291, 304, 335, 342-344, 346, 348, 352, 358, 365, 367, 373, 378, 388, 390, 395, 398, 406-409, 415, 422-426, 449, 464, 470, 476-479, 480, 484, 490-491, 498, 500, 503-507, 510-514, 516-518, 530, 534-536, 566, 575, 619, 621, 623, 629-630, 633, 653, 693, 713, 738, 760, 768, 770

Tax Authority, xxxiv, xxxix, 218, 220, 232, 342, 343, 407, 415, 424, 477, 479, 505, 510-513, 515, 738

terrace agriculture (see also agriculture), 44-45, 187, 223, 229, 232, 278-279, 324, 327, 632

Territoire Français des Afars et des Issas, 70 terrorism, xxx, 144, 282, 292, 463, 468, 475, 477,

485, 491-495, 497, 573, 622 Tham·d, 410-411, 414-418, 421-423, 439, 487,

517-518, 764 al-Thawr, ‘Abd al-Malik, xxxiii, 560 Three Year Development Program (TYDP), 181,

184-185, 187 Tihåma, xl, 31, 73, 107, 112, 124, 188, 206, 227-

228, 290, 342, 358, 412, 417, 547, 552, 563 tobacco, 14, 62, 70, 101, 116, 119, 134, 146, 148-

149, 150, 184, 209, 250, 278, 313, 418, 485, 496, 542, 624, 707, 775

tourism, 453, 459, 460, 503, 568, 491 trained donkeys (“smart” donkeys), 488 Transvaal, xxvii, 2 tribal economy, 202 tribal-military-commercial complex, 198 tribes & tribesmen, xxviii-xxx, xxxii-xxxiv, xxxvi,

xxxviii, 22, 28-30, 33, 35, 43, 45, 47-48, 53-54, 63-64, 66, 73, 78, 81, 92-93, 95, 100, 103, 105, 107, 112, 127, 129, 131-132, 135-136, 140, 163, 165, 168-171, 176, 178-179, 184-186, 188-190, 197-202, 209-210, 212-215, 218, 223-224, 227,

232, 234-237, 247, 271, 275, 281, 283-286, 289, 292, 295-296, 298, 302, 304, 311, 330-333, 344, 367-368, 373, 381-382, 384-387, 393, 430, 432, 434, 443, 446, 452-453, 462, 464, 466, 471, 474, 476-479, 484-485, 488, 493, 497-499, 502, 505, 509, 511, 521, 539, 565-566, 569, 571-576, 579-582, 585, 620-622, 625-630, 633-634, 653, 674, 682, 756, 770-771

tubewells (see also wells), 9, 11, 24, 26, 28, 203, 210, 223-224, 228, 236, 351, 466, 654, 657, 660

Tunisia, 50, 372, 521, 571 Turkestan, 2 Turkey, 106, 125 Uganda, 2, 65, 144, 626 underwear bomber, 493 UNDP (see United Nations Development

Programme) UNESCO, 114, 447 UNFPA, xxxiv, 280 UNICEF, 326 unification of Yemen, xxviii, xxxviii, 74, 114, 232,

243, 245-246, 248, 254, 259-260, 274, 282-283, 286, 289, 291, 300, 308, 324, 367, 370, 372, 377, 380-382, 384, 386, 388-389, 395, 398-399, 402-403, 406-409, 416-418, 423-424, 428, 432-434, 436-437, 440-443, 445, 447, 452, 454, 498-499, 511, 520, 522-523, 534, 539, 565, 568, 571, 573, 577, 621, 624, 706

Union of Agricultural Engineers, 565 Union of Islamic Courts (UIC) (Somalia), 134, 144-

146, 686 Union of Popular Forces (Itti™åd al-Qiwå al-

Sha‘b∏yya), 463 United Arab Emirates, 9, 181 United Kingdom (UK, Great Britain) (see also

British), 3, 17, 22, 53, 59, 63, 73, 78, 81, 92, 100, 105, 135, 140, 144, 367, 396, 492, 538, 559, 586, 623, 626-627, 631

United Nations (UN), xxxiv, xxxvii, 6-7, 36, 53, 66, 70, 114, 116, 135, 140, 142-143, 206, 230, 265, 276, 285, 289, 291, 296, 308, 313, 330-331, 374-375, 481, 484, 568-569, 619, 624, 631

United Nations’ arms embargo on Somalia (1992), 331

United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs, 114-115

United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances, 36, 114

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), xxxiii, xxxvii, 16, 51, 168, 228, 244, 263, 275-276, 278, 280, 289, 309, 311-312, 374-375, 447, 452-454, 459, 495, 773

United Nations’ Narcotics Laboratory, xxxvii United Nations Security Council, 285, 289, 308,

568 United States of America (US, USA, America &

Americans), 3, 5, 11, 17, 24, 30, 36, 59, 75, 79-80, 82, 100, 105, 132, 142-145, 180-181, 188,

XII. Index

820

80, 82, 100, 105, 132, 142-145, 180-181, 188, 198, 202, 282, 285-286, 292, 295, 307-308, 311, 329, 331, 462, 480, 491-492, 494, 534, 538, 543, 555, 559, 578, 580, 586, 622, 623

United States Senate, 492 unity constitution, 382, 384 University of “an‘å’, 200-201, 343, 536, 575-577,

581 uprooting qå t (see qå t uprooting) USA (see United States of America) USAID, 292, 560, 581 USS Cole, 283, 295, 494 Vaughan, James, 5, 73-74 virtual water, 487, 629 Vodkhat, 568, 679 Wåd∏ Daw‘an, 421, 431, 434-435, 440, 457, 501,

766 Wåd∏ ©añramawt (see also ©añramawt), xxxvi, 17,

254, 261, 409, 415-416, 420-422, 426, 428-429, 432, 434, 439, 442, 460, 518, 667, 756

Wåd∏ Tuban, 5 Wåd∏ Zab∏d, 58, 670 Wåd∏ ‰ahr, 1, 13, 24, 108-109, 214, 582, 653, 656,

668, 680 wages (see also salaries), 80, 85, 101, 120, 174,

190, 234, 243-244, 247, 334, 374-376, 378 Wahhåb∏s, 44, 47, 116, 119, 121, 127, 129, 130-

132, 134, 186, 428, 462, 485 Waqår (see also Ja‘år), 496 war of secession (see secession) Warsaw Pact, 43, 163 water, xxvii, xxxii, xxxvii, 11, 14, 22, 24, 26, 28-

30, 32-33, 37, 45, 51, 120, 162, 169, 176, 182, 184, 187-188, 190, 200, 202-203, 206, 219, 223-228, 230-231, 234-237, 244-245, 253, 256-258, 260-264, 274-280, 301-306, 324-327, 334, 339, 341-344, 346-348, 350-353, 356-358, 398-399, 411, 420-421, 431, 439, 445, 453, 461, 468, 471, 473, 480, 484, 487, 493, 499, 503, 507, 516, 520, 527, 530, 533, 539, 545, 548, 549-550, 552-553, 555, 559, 563, 565, 573, 579, 581, 583-584, 586, 619, 626-627, 629-630, 632-634, 657, 659-660, 690, 692-693, 700, 707, 712, 738, 750, 754, 772

water conflicts, 236, 626-627, 629 water resources (groundwater), xxviii, 188, 223,

244, 253, 256, 260, 262, 274-279, 301-302 weapons (arms, guns, firearms), xxviii, 29-30, 88,

92-93, 124, 140, 142-144, 190-191, 199, 201-202, 283-286, 292, 328-333, 348, 353-354, 369, 372, 385, 387, 445, 464-466, 468, 475-477, 484-486, 489, 493, 497, 503, 559, 579, 622, 628-629, 674-675

weddings (marriage), 1, 15, 18, 29, 200, 210, 236, 263, 323, 326, 331, 382, 428, 452, 549, 557, 668, 671

wells (see also tubewells), 24, 44, 120, 140, 223, 225, 227, 231, 235-237, 264, 367, 473, 481, 507, 548, 550, 555, 583, 657

western escarpment, 2, 11, 22, 24, 27-29, 31, 45, 107, 119, 121-122, 198, 203, 223-224, 236, 413, 466, 477, 489, 506, 548, 552, 557, 632, 655, 656

Wikileaks, 484 winter (frost and cold season), 11, 24, 81, 95, 261,

348, 353, 393, 402-405, 408, 411-413, 421, 426, 446, 477, 545, 552, 558, 576-577, 657, 662

wives, xxix, 67, 90, 242, 294, 304, 323, 417, 428, 436, 454, 553, 621

women (females), 9, 11, 15, 17-21, 34, 37, 67, 121-122, 124, 128, 131-132, 148-149, 151, 196, 209, 231, 242, 260, 273, 275-277, 280, 301, 308, 348, 381, 386, 390, 396, 405, 427-428, 439, 445, 452-454, 460, 490, 494-495, 502-503, 518-519, 521, 524, 527, 530, 541, 543, 548, 573, 575, 579-580, 669, 692-693, 762-763, 765

work migration & remittances, xxviii, xxx, 9, 11, 22, 43-45, 47, 119, 122, 129, 135-136, 170-171, 180, 185, 187, 192, 201, 225, 228, 232, 243, 287, 320, 323, 418, 423, 426, 429, 446, 449, 451- 452, 458, 484, 487, 490, 520, 543, 624, 630

working hours, 173, 175, 270-274, 280, 294, 346, 377

World Bank, xxxiii, xxxiv, xxxvii, xl, 17, 32, 46, 52, 54-55, 129, 151, 181, 203, 224, 228, 243-244, 250, 253, 255-257, 259-260, 262-265, 273, 275-276, 278, 280, 287, 289-291, 295-296, 298, 307-308, 311, 326, 329-330, 334, 344, 346-347, 352, 359, 369, 373-375, 386, 406, 424, 428, 431, 498, 554, 559, 619, 633, 770, 771

World Coffee Conference, 560 World Health Organization (WHO), xxxiv, xxxvii,

67, 114, 137-138, 322, 230, 624, 631 World Health Organization’s Khat Mission, 67 World Trade Organization (WTO), 291 al-Wu™aysh∏, Nå”ir, 441 Yåfi‘, 5, 73, 78, 85, 93, 95, 100, 105, 164, 166,

168-169, 382, 385, 388, 393, 402-403, 409, 441-442, 512, 621

Yaman bi-lå qå t (Yemen Without Qå t newspaper), 177, 271, 281, 307, 311, 355, 523, 678

al-Yamda, 385 Yann∏, Qus’an’∏n, 105, 752-753 Yemen Airways, 99-100 Yemen Arab Republic (YAR) (see also North

Yemen), 11, 13, 47, 50, 137, 170, 176, 178, 180, 183-184, 188-189, 198, 203-204, 207, 230-232, 245-246, 248-249, 289, 381, 426, 498, 512, 563, 565

Yemen Coffee Association, 560 Yemen Red Crescent, 466 Yemen Without Qå t newspaper (see Yaman bi-l å

qå t) Yemen Without Qå t Foundation, 523, 525 Yemeni Cancer Society, 536

XII. Index

821

Yemeni-Saudi Coordination Council, 186, 355 Yemeni Socialist Party (YSP) (see also Socialists),

165, 370, 381, 384-387, 418, 424, 430-431, 502 Yemeni Women Union, 301 Yemenia Airlines, 108, 381, 385, 410, 447, 449-

450, 454, 457, 539, 581, 740, 742, 744 Youth and Sports Tax on Qå t, 506, 514-515 Youth Revolution, xxix, xxx, 24, 50, 202, 206, 210,

443, 480, 490, 559, 576, 579, 583, 586, 620, 633, 685

Youth Welfare and Sports Fund, 503 Zabåra, A™mad bin Mu™ammad, xxxiv, xxxix, xli,

109, 112 Zab∏d, 342 Zaire, 65

zakå t, xxvii, 107, 109, 170, 246, 279, 348, 426, 503, 506-509, 512, 768

Zambia, 65 Zanzibar, 65 Zayd∏ insurgency (see also “a‘da war), 130, 462,

481, 487, 539, 619 Zayd∏s, xl, 4, 103, 116, 122, 127, 129-131, 197-

198, 332, 441, 462-464, 469, 475, 497, 540, 554, 565, 625, 627-628, 748

Zeila, 61-63, 73 Zinjibår, 5, 441, 443 Zinjibår, Sultanate of (see al-Fañl∏ Sultanate of

Zinjibår) al-Zubayr∏, Mu™ammad Ma™m·d, 112-113, 169,

171, 366, 554

Peer Gatter is a political scientist and scholar of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies with a focus on water politics and the political economy of the Middle East. Following his studies at the Universities of Tübingen, Teheran and Georgetown, he worked as freelance journalist for the German weeklies Die Zeit, Focus and Der Spiegel reporting mostly from Afghanistan, Iran, West Africa and Northern Ireland. Since 1999 he worked for nearly a decade in and on Yemen for the World Bank and UNDP. His portfolio included decentralization, agricultural reform, water & environment, protection of the biodiversity of Socotra Archipelago and the Red Sea, and last but not least, qå t. In 2008, he joined the German development cooperation in Syria and Lebanon where he worked as coordinator of the water sector. In 2010, he returned to Germany and coordinates the Program for Intercultural Relations with Muslim Countries of the German International Cooperation (GIZ).