10 de luyen thi hoa hoc 10 ( tu luan)

7/31/2019 10 de Luyen Thi HOA HOC 10 ( Tu Luan)

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kim tra ha 10(Thi gian 120 pht)

s 1Cu 1Mt nguyn t R c tng cc loi ht bng 115 s ht mang in tch nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l25.- Tm s proton, s khi v tn R

- Vit cu hnh ion ca R v cho bit tnh cht ho hc c bn ca R. Vit hai phng trnh phn ng minhho.Cu 2xit cao nht ca mt nguyn t ng vi cng thc RO 3. Vi hir n to thnh mt hp cht kh cha

94,12%R. Tm nguyn t R.Vit cng thc electron v CTCT ca RO3 v hp cht ca R vi hir.Cu 3Hon thnh v cn bng cc phng trnh phn ng sau theo phng php thng bng electron:Fe + HNO3 ... + N2O + ...FexOy + HNO3 ... + NaOb + ...Fe3O4 + H2SO4 ... + SO2 + ...FeCO3 + H2SO4 ... + SO2 + ...Cu 4Khng dng thm thuc th hy nhn bit cc dung dch sau:

MgCl2; NaOH; NH4Cl; BaCl2; H2SO4 bng phng php ho hc.Cu 5Cho hn hp R gm 2 mui clorua ca hai kim loi kim X v Y vi nguyn t khi ca X nh hn Y v

X; Y hai chu k lin tiptrong bng tun hon. Cho 19,15g hn hp R tc dng va vi 300g dungdch AgNO3 sau phn ng ta thu c 43,05g kt ta v mt dung dch D.a. Xc nh nng % ca dung dch AgNO3.

b. C cn dung dch D ta thu c bao nhiu g mui khan?

c. nh tn v khi lng cc mui clorua trong hn hp X.

Hc sinh khng c s dng bt c ti liu g, k c bng HTTH


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3/10


s 3Cu 1@a. S xi ho l g? Da vo s xi ho ngi ta c th chia cc phn ng ho hc lm my loi? Ly v dminh ho.

b. Hon thnh cc phn ng xi ho kh sau bng phng php thng bng electron. Xc nh r cht kh,

cht xi hoFeS2 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + ...Cu2S + HNO3 Cu(NO3)3 + NO2 + ...MnO2 + K2MnO4 + H2SO4 KMnO4 + MnSO4 + ...CnH2n + KMnO4 + H2O CnH2n(OH)2 + MnO2 + KOH.Cu 2Vit cu hnh electron ca Fe; Fe2+; Fe3+; Ni; Ni2+. Bit s th t ca Fe l 26, ca Ni l 28. T hy xcnh v tr ca Fe v Ni trong HTTH.Cu 3Ch dng thm mt thuc th hy nhn bit cc ng nghim ng cc dung dch sau: HI; CaI 2; Hg(NO3)2;AgNO3.Cu 4T qung pirit st; khng kh; mui n; nc. Vit cc phng trnh iu ch:

Nc Javen; Mui st III Sunfat; St III Hirxit; Mui st II Clorua; Mui st III Clorua;Cu 5Trn m(g) bt Fe vi p(g) bt S, nung nhit cao ( khng c mt ca xy) thu c hn hp A. Ho tanhn hp A bng dung dch HCl d, ta thu c 0,8g cht rn B, dung dch C v kh D. Cho kh D ( c tkhi so vi H2 bng 9) sc rt t t qua dung dch CuCl2 d thy to thnh 9,6g kt ta en.1. Tnh khi lng m; p.2. Cho dung dch C tc dng vi NaOH d trong khng kh ri ly kt ta nung nhit cao ti khilng khng i th thu c bao nhiu g cht rn

3. Nu ly hn hp A cho vo bnh kn dung tch khng i, cha xy d nhit t0

C v nung bnh nhit cao cho ti khi cht rn trong bnh l mt oxit st duy nht, sau lm ngui bnh ti nhit banu th thy p sut trong bnh ch bng 95% p sut ban u. Tnh s mol xi ban u trong bnh (Bit thtch cht rn khng ng k).



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s 4Cu 1Cho M l kim loi to thnh 2 mui MClx; MCly v 2 oxit MO0,5x; M2Oy. T l v khi lng ca clo tronghai mui l 1:1,173; t l v khi lng ca xi trong 2 xit l: 1:1,1352.a. Tnh khi lng nguyn t ca M.

b. Hy cho bit cc ng v sau y ca M th ng v no ph hp vi t l

c. Vit phng trnh phn ng khi cho- M tc dng vi Cl2; MCly; H2SO4 long; H2SO4 c nng; H2SO4 c ngui- MO0,5x tc dng vi HNO3 long; kh H2; dung dch KMnO4 (trong mi trng H2SO4 long).Cu 2@Cho 3 nguyn t A; M; X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng (n=3) tng ng l : ns 1; ns2p1; ns2p5.a. Hy xc nh v tr ( s th t; chu k; nhm; phn nhm) ca A; M; X trong HTTH.

b. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng theo s sau:A(OH)m + MXy A1 + ...A1 + A(OH)m A2 +...A2 + HX + H2O A1 + ...A1 + HX A3 (tan) + ...c. Tm cch tch ring M ra khi hn hp M; Fe; Cu; Ag.Cu 3Hn hp A gm KClO3; Ca(ClO3)2; Ca(ClO)2; CaCl2 v KCl nng 83,68(g). Nhit phn hon ton A ta thuc cht rn B gm CaCl2; KCl v mt th tch xi va oxi ho SO 2 thnh SO3 iu ch 191,1(g) dung

dch H2SO4 80%.Cho cht rn B tc dng vi 360 ml dung dch K2CO3 0,5M (va ) thu c kt ta C v dung dch D.Lng KCl trong dung dch D nhiu gp 322 ln lng KCl c trong A.a. Tnh khi lng kt ta C.

b. Tnh % khi lng ca KClO3 trong A.


s proton

s notron=

13

15

35M; 56M; 57M; 58M


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s 5Cu 11. Trnh by v gii thch s bin thin tnh kim loi v phi kim ca cc nguyn t trong chu k v nhm A.2. Hp cht ion cu to t M+ v ion X2-. Trong phn t M2X - c tng s ht (p, n, e) l 140. Trong sht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 44 ht. S khi ca ion M+ ln hn s khi ca ion X2-

l 23. Tng s ht (p, n, e) trong ion M+ nhiu hn trong ion X2- l 31 hta. Vit cu hnh electron ca cc ion M+ v X2-, ca M v X.

b. Xc nh v tr ca M v X trong bng HTTH.Cu 2Hon thnh s bin ho

Cu 3Cn bng ca cc phn ng sau y s dch chuyn v pha no khia. Tng nhit

b. Tng p sut.c. Tng nng ca cht tham gia gp 2 ln

3Fern+ H2Ohi Fe3O4 + 4H2 + Q

2H2 + O2 2H2O + Q

H2 kh + Cl2 khi 2HClkh + Q

2NO + O2 2NO2 + Q

2SO3 + O2 2SO2 + O2 + Q

Cu 4Cho 10,4 gam hn hp bt Mg v Fe ho tan va ht trong 900 ml dung dch HNO 3 x mol/l thu c 3,36(l) hn hp 2 kh N2O v NO ( ktc) c t khi hi so vi khng kh l 1,1951. Tnh % khi lng tng kim loi hn hp u.

2. Tnh gi tr x3. Mui thu c sau phn ng cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu ly kt ta em nung trong khngkh n khi lng khng i thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn?


+O2

+H2;t0

+Fe; t0

X

A (mi trng thi)

X + D

B+ D + Br

2

Y + Z

A + GB+ Y hoc Z


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s 6Cu 11. Hp cht A c cng thc MXx trong M chim 46,67% v khi lng. M l kim loi, X l phi kim chu k 3. Trong ht nhn ca M c n-p = 4; ca X c n'=p', trong n; n'; p; p' l s notron, proton. Tngs proton trong MXx l 58. Xc nh tn s khi ca M, tn s th t ca X trong bng HTTH. Vit cu

hnh electron ca X.2. Cn bng phn ng bng phng php cn bng electronFexOy + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2OCu 2Vit phng trnh phn ng thc hin dy bin ho sau (mi mi tn ch 1 phng trnh)

CuFeS2 Fe2O3 Fe2(SO4)3 Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 Fe FeCl3

Cu 3T khi hi ca hn hp X gm CO2 v SO2 so vi kh Nit bng 2. Cho 0,112 (l) (ktc) ca X li chmqua 500ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 , sau th nghim phi dng 25ml HCl 0,2M trung ho lng Ba(OH)2tha.

a. Tnh % s mol ca mi kh trong hn hp X.b. Tnh nng dung dch Ba(OH)2 phn ng.c. Hy tm cch nhn bit mi kh trong hn hp X. Vit phng trnh phn ngCu 4Cho 3 mol axit axtic tc dng vi hai mol ru tylic, khi cn bng thu c 1 mol este. Cng trong iukin nh trn, khi cn bng t c tnh s mol este thu c khi dng:a. 1,8 mol axit v 3,5 mol ru

b. 3 mol axit; 2,5 mol ru v 1mol H2O.



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s 7Cu 1Hp cht M c to thnh t cation X+ v anion Y2-. Mi ion u do 5 nguyn t ca 2 nguyn t to nn.Tng s proton trong X+ l 11, cn tng s electron trong Y2- l 50. Hy xc nh cng thc phn t v gitn M, bit rng 2 nguyn t trong Y2- thuc cng mt phn nhm v thuc 2 chu k lin tip.

Cu 2 @Cn bng cc phn ng sau bng phng php cn bng electron:Al + HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + N2O + H2OKMnO4 + FeCl2 + H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + Cl2 + MnSO4 + K2SO4 + H2OM + HNO3 M(NO3)a +NxOy+ H2O( M l kim loi ho tr a)Cu 3Mt hn hp gm 4 kim loi Ag; Al; Cu; Mg dng bt. Hy dng phng php ho hc tch ringtng kim loi ra khi hn hp.Cu 4Ho tan hon ton m(g) hn hp gm FeO; Fe3O4; Fe2O3; va ht V ml dung dch H2SO4 long thu c dungdch A. Chia A thnh hai phn bng nhau:- Cho dung dch NaOH d vo phn th nht, thu c kt ta ri nung trong khng kh n khi lngkhng thu c 8,8 g cht rn.- Phn th hai lm mt mu va ng 100 ml dung dch KMnO4 0,1M trong mi trng H2SO4 long d.1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.2. Tnh m; V nu nng H2SO4 l 0,5M.Cu 5Cho hn hp Al v Mg c khi lng 7,8 (g) ( t l mol nAl: nMg = 2:1) tc dng va vi dung dchHNO3 0,5M thu c hn hp 2 kh N2O v N2 c t khi i vi khng kh l 1,2965.1. Tnh th tch cc kh ktc.

2. Tnh th tch dung dch HNO3 cn dng.



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s 8Cu 1@ ACho 1,8(g) kim loi X thuc nhm IIA ca bng tun hon, tc dng ht vi H2O ta c 1,1 (l) Hir 770 mmHg v 290C. Gi tn X, vit cu hnh electron ca X v ion ca n. Bit rng trong ht nhnnguyn t X s proton bng s notron.

- Vit cng thc cu to v cho bit bn cht cc lin kt ca oxit; hiroxit; mui sunfat, cacbonat ca kimloi X.Cu 2Ho tan hon ton oxit FexOy trong dung dch H2SO4 m c, nng ta thu c dung dch A1 v kh B1.1. Cho kh B1 ln lt tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, dung dch Br2, dung dch K2CO3 ( Bit rng axittng ng ca B1 mnh hn axit tng ng ca CO2.2. Cho dung dch A1 tc dng vi NaOH d. Lc kt ta ri em nung trong khng kh n khi lngkhng i c cht rn A2. Trn A2 vi bt Al ri em nung nhit cao c hn hp A3 gm 2 oxit,trong c FenOm. Ho tan A3 trong HNO3 long thu c kh NO duy nht.- Hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong cc qu trnh trn.Cu 3C 5 l mt nhn ng cc dung dch sau:

NaHSO4; KHCO3; Mg(HCO3)2; Na2SO3; Ba(HCO3)2. Trnh by cch nhn bit ch c dng thm cchun nng.Cu 4

Nung m(g) hn hp A gm FeS v FeS2 trong mt bnh kn cha khng kh (gm 20% th tch O 2 v 80%th tch N2). n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c cht rn B v hn hp kh C c thnh phn thtch N2 = 84,77%; SO2=10,6%, cn li l O2. Ho tan cht rn B bng dung dch H 2SO4 va , dung dchthu c cho tc dng vi Ba(OH)2 d . Lc ly kt ta, lm kh nung nhit cao n khi lngkhng i thu c 12,885 g cht rn.1. Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong A

2. Tnh m3. Gi s dung tch ca bnh l 12,32 (l) nhit v p sut ban u l 27,30C v 1 atm. Sau khi nung chtA nhit cao, a bnh v nhit ban u, p sut trong bnh l p.Tnh p sut gy ra trong bnh bi mi kh c trong hn hp C.



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s 9Cu 1a. Nu nh hng ca nhit , p sut n cn bng ca cc phn ng sau:2H2O(hi) 2H2 + O2 - 115,6KCalH2 + Cl2 2HCl(kh) + 45,3KCal

CO2 + H2 H2O + CO(kh) - Q

b. Xt phn ng A + B =2CSo snh tc phn ng trong cc trng hp sau:Trng hp 1: Nng mi cht l 0,01 mol/l.Trng hp 2: Nng :[A] = 0,04 mol/l; [B]= 0,01 mol/lTrng hp 3: [A] = [B] = 0,04 mol/lCu 2@Hy cho bit trong cc phn ng hc: ho hp, phn tch; trao i; th; trung ho. Phn ng no l phnng xi ho kh. Ly v d minh ho.Cu 3

Xc nh lng AgNO3 kt tinh khi dung dch khi lm lnh 450g dung dch bo ho 80 0C xung 200C. Bit tan ca AgNO3 800C l 668g v 200C l 222gCu 4Ho tan hon ton 24,3g Al vo dung dch HNO 3 long d thu c hn hp kh NO v N2O c t khi hiso vi Hiro l 20,25 v dung dch B khng cha NH4NO3. Tnh th tch mi kh thot ra ktc.Cu 5Trn V1(l) dung dch HCl 0,6M vi V2(l) dung dch NaOH 0,4M thu c 0,6(l) dung dch A. TnhV1,V2 bit rng 0,6 (l) dung dch A c th ho tan ht 1,02g Al 2O3.



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s 10Cu 1B tc cc phn ng sau:

FeS2 + O20

t (A)+ (B) (G) + NaOH (H)+ (I)

(A) + H2S

(C)+ (D) (H) + O2 + (D)

J(C) + (E) (F) (J) (B) + (D)(F) + HCl (G) + H2S (B) + (L) (E) + (D)Cu 2

Nu cc phn ng minh ha y tnh cht ho hc ca axit Clohiric. Nu r vai tr ca HCl trong ccphn ng .Cu 3C 6 l mt nhn ng ring bit tng dung dch sau:K2CO3; (NH4)2SO4; MgSO4; Al2(SO4)3; FeSO4; Fe2(SO4)3Chn mt ho cht thch hp nhn bit cc dung dch trn.Cu 4@

Cation R+ c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 2p6.1. Vit cu hnh electron v s phn b electron theo obitan ca nguyn t R.2. R thuc chu k no? Nhm no? Nguyn t g? Gii thch bn cht lin kt ca R vi Halogen.3. Tnh cht ho hc c trng nht ca R l g? Ly 2 phn ng minh ho4. T R+ lm th no iu ch c R?5. Anion X- c cu hnh electron ging R+. Hi X l nguyn t g? Vit cu hnh electron ca n.Cu 5Ho tan 55g hn hp Na2CO3 v Na2SO3bng 500ml dung dch H2SO4 1M (lng axit va ) ta thu chn hp kh A v dung dch cha mt mui trung ho duy nht.1. Cho hn hp kh A vo bnh kn dung tch 5(l) c mt t bt xc tc V 2O5 (th tch khng ng k. Tnh psut trong bnh bit nhit bnh l 27,30C

2. Bm tip oxi vo bnh ta c hn hp kh B c t khi sn so vi Hir l 21,71. Tnh s mol xi bm vo bnh.3. Nung nng bnh mt thi gian ta thu c hn hp kh C c t khi so vi Hir 22,35. Tnh% th tchcc kh trong hn hp C.


10 de luyen thi hoa hoc 10 ( tu luan)

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