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10 Easy Ways to Conserve the Environment

1) Change a Light Bulb

One compact fluorescent bulb lasts as long as 13 regular bulbs and uses 75% less

energy. They are also cheaper to buy. Raleys and Ace Hardware has these for lessthan $3 dollars for 4 mini bulbs.

2) Stop junk mail

Visit this page to take your name off the junk mail list. Reducing junk mail will help

save trees used in paper production.

3) Turn off your computer

When you leave the office, turn off your computer. At least turn off your monitor. It

may be little, but if we all do it, it can add up to a lot. Screen savers DO NOT

conserve energy because the screen is still on. You have to physically turn the

monitor off.

4) Bring your own cup

Bring your own cup to work or the coffee store. Reducing the use of disposable

products can go a long way in preserving the environment.

5) Wash With Warm Water

You do not need to wash your clothes in hot water. Use warm or cold water instead,

to conserve that energy for something else.

6) Bring your own bag

Do you really need all those plastic bags you get at the grocery store? Why not

bring your own bag and carry your grocery in them. I know it sounds strange

because we are so accustomed to being given bags at the grocery store, but it

would help reduce a lot of waste if we bring our own reusable bags to the

supermarket. If not, at LEAST recycle those plastic bags before you throw them

away. Grocery store plastic bags can serve a second life as garbage bags, doggie

bags, and lunch bags. Doing this will also help you save tons of money!

7) Use less water

This starts with turning off the faucet when you are brushing your teeth, and ends

with reducing the amount of water used on your lawn. In neighborhoods across

America, people love to own a small, green, perfectly trimmed plot of grass all year

round. Even in the deserts of Las Vegas, lawns are bright green from the constant

sizzle of the front yard sprinklers. If you want to be environmentally friendly,

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perhaps you can help by reducing the amount of water used on your lawn. Learn to

take care of it properly and understand just how much water you need to keep it

nice and green, but dont over do it. Just think, what good is your nice lawn if there

are no more trees in this world?

Turn down the AC

Its nice to be at constant temperature thorough the day, but that comfort comes at

an environmental cost. Youd be surprised how nice it can feel to sleep with an

extra blanket instead of paying extra on your energy bill.

9) Buy Local

Pesticides and other chemicals used in agriculture production is not only harmful to

the environment, it can also be harmful to your health. Buy locally grown, organic

fruits and vegetables. They often taste a lot better and are a healthy alternative to

mass produced vegetations.

10) Spread the Word

If there is only one thing that you can do to help the environment, do this: tell your

friends. The more people are aware of problems plaguing the environment, the

more changes we can make together to improve things. Next time, before you

open your conversation with who was on American Idol, reserve a couple of minutes

to discuss what YOU did to help protect your environment, YOUR WORLD

examples of reflection

Specular reflection

A mirror provides the most common model for specular light reflection and consists

of a glass sheet in front of a metallic coating where the reflection actually occurs. It

is also possible for reflection to occur from the surface of transparent media, such

as water or glass.

Diffuse reflection

When light strikes a rough or granular surface, it bounces off in all directions due to

the microscopic irregularities of the interface. Thus, an image is not formed. This is

called diffuse reflection

Retroreflector

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Some surfaces exhibit retroreflection. The structure of these surfaces is such that

light is returned in the direction from which it came. A simple retroreflector can be

made by placing three ordinary mirrors mutually perpendicular to one another (a

corner reflector). The image produced is the inverse of one produced by a single

mirror.

Complex conjugate reflection

Light bounces exactly back in the direction from which it came due to a nonlinear

optical process. In this type of reflection, not only the direction of the light is

reversed, but the actual wavefronts are reversed as well. A conjugate reflector can

be used to remove aberrations from a beam by reflecting it and then passing the

reflection through the aberrating optics a second time.

Neutron reflection

Materials that reflect neutrons, for example beryllium, are used in nuclear reactors

and nuclear weapons.

Sound reflection

When a longitudinal sound wave strikes a flat surface, sound is reflected in a

coherent manner provided that the dimension of the reflective surface is large

compared to the wavelength of the sound. In the theory of exterior noise mitigation,

this phenomenon mildly detracts from the concept of a noise barrier by reflecting

some of the sound into the opposite direction.

Examples of refraction

When you wear glasses, the light is refracted so that your eyes can see images

better.

Microscopes and telescopes use refraction to change the perception of images.

When you look into water and see objects in the water appear distorted, that is

refraction

Examples of Refraction in Natural Phenomena

The following are examples of refraction form natural phenomena

Twinkling of stars:

Stars are luminous heavenly bodies. They emit light of their own. The light from

stars millions of miles away comes to the earth, and is visible to us after passing

through the earth's atmosphere, which is a halo of gases about 75 miles in width.

Hot and cold air pockets blow continuously in the atmosphere, and these pockets of

air cause the light rays from starts to get refracted continuously at different angles.

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Thus, the light rays reaching our eyes are continuously getting refracted at different

angles, due to which stars appear to twinkle.

A pencil half immersed in water appears to be bent:-

The following diagram shows a pencil half immersed in water.

The image of the pencil forming on our retina depends upon the light rays from the

pencil reaching our eyes. Light rays getting reflected from the pencil form an image

of the pencil in our eyes. The light rays coming from the part of the pencil immersed

inside water first emerge from the water into air, and then they reach our eyes. But

when these light rays travel from water into air, they get refracted at a particular

angle, and then reach our eyes. Thus, the image of the part of the pencil immersed

inside water is formed in our eyes at a different angle than that of the part of the

pencil out of water.

More Examples of Refraction in Natural Phenomena

The sun is seen a few minutes before it rises above the horizon

Due to refraction, the sun's rays are bent by teh earth's atmosphere before it rises

above the horizon. When it is just below the horizon, the light rays of the sun get

refracted in the earth's atmosphere, and they reach areas where the sun has not

yet risen. Thus, an observer in such areas appears to see the sun before it rises

above the horizon. The position of the sun and earth and the refraction of the light

rays of sun are displayed in the following diagram:

The same phenomenon is observed during evening at the time of sunset. The sun is

visible for some time even after it has gone below the horizon, due to refraction oflight.