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R OOF

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R OOFTYPE OF ROOF FRAMES & TRUSS

L Type Of Roof Frames

Gable Roof Mono Pitch Roof Shed Roof

Type Of Truss

Triple Howe Half Truss Mono Sloping Flat

Straight slope falling from ridge to eave, creating apeak or triangle on the side or front facade. Theinclination can't exceeding 30 degrees.

Single roof face falling away from themain building. The inclination can'texceeding 30 degrees.

A mono truss has only one slope as opposed two(half of a common truss).

A Sloping Flat Truss is used to create a vaulted ceiling.It may be top or bottom chord bearing. This truss hasparallel chords, both of which slope at the same angle,with a vertical post at each end..

A Howe Trusses are meant to span up to 36 feet and aDouble Howe is rated for as much as 60 feet. The longestHowe Truss design is the Triple Howe, and it is designedfor spans ranging from 54 feet to 80 feet in length.

A gabled roof with a single roof falling down fromthe main building same as mono- pitched roof.The inclination can't exceeding 10 degrees.

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R OOFMETAL ROOF DECKING & INSULATION

L Metal Roof Decking

Metal Deck

Aluminum Foil

Rock Wool

Chicken Wire Mesh

Steel Rafter

Aluminum Foil Rock Wool

If the deck spans are greater than 5', it's requiredto side-lap fastening at mid span or every 3" but iflesser than 5' is not required.

Chicken Wire Mesh H

ow Insulation Works

Reflecting sun and heat to protect dwelling from d amaging ray andweathering.

To support the roof system which good strength, Rigid , Durable,Light Weight, easy workability, and corrosion protection .

Installed to improve thermal and acoustic performance of roofs.

Use in roofs and wall applications for barnConversions and for the internal insulation.

Lay down on steel rafter to hold the rock wool withhigh tensile strength and corrosion resistance.

Insulated Uninsulated

Sisalation

Made by multi layer radiant barrier of lowemissivity and It will stop as much as97% of radiant heat transfer.

Aluminum FoilPE (Polyethylene)Kraft Paper Reinforcing Glass Fibre

Aluminum Foil

Made from stone wool which are fireresistance, excellent acoustics and thermalcontrol, durable in lifetime , sustainablematerials and reduce waste.

Shape of hexagonal wire netting isdurability, easy to use, corrosion &rust resistance and longer service life.

Sisalation sustains a constant and comfortabletemperature in a building by preventing heattransfer between indoor and outdoor climates.

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R OOFINSTALLATION PROCESS

L C Installation Process

Pitched RoofFlat Roof

2) The purlins are installed one by one

on the steel rafter which has a 5degree pitch.

4) The chicken wire mesh then placedon the metal decks for hold thealuminum foil.

6) Putting another layer of fiber glasswool on the aluminum foil for soundand heat insulation.

3) The metal decks are putting onto the

purlins and supported by the purlins.

5) The aluminum foil thenInstalled on the chicken wire mesh to reflectthe heat from the sunlight.

7) Than add another metal forleaving space for drainagebetween the decks and theedges.

2) Install the purlins above the above

chord to strength the truss system.

4) Than lay the rock wool above thechicken wire mesh for sound and heatinsulation.

.

6) Final put the metal decks above thealuminum foils with bolts.

1)Putting the steel trusses on the reinforced

concrete wall with bolts and steel brackets.

3) After that, put the chicken wire mesh abovethe purlins to hold the rock wool.

5) Insert another layer of aluminum foil to reflectthe heat.

1) Installing the steel rafter on thereinforced concrete wall.

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R OOFROOF TERMINOLOGY

Roof Terminology

Common Rafter

PipeVentilate pipe for exhaust the gases.

Hip Rafter An exterior angle formed by the junction of two slopes.

Jack Rafter

EavesThe lowest point of a roof where water drains into thegutter..

Valley Rafter Internal junction between two roof slopes.

RidgeIntersection at the top of two slopes in a pitched roof.

VergeThe edge of a roof. Fascia & Soffits

Fascia hangs down below the bottom line of roof tiles. Soffit is thehorizontal surface that fit the gap between the bottom of thefascia and the wall for ventilation.

GableThe part of a wall that encloses theend of a pitched roof.

Common Rafter

Jack Rafter

Valley Rafter

Ridge

Fascia

Gable

Soffits

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R OOFTRUSS TERMINOLOGY

Top ChordThe steel rafter which runs to thetop of the truss.

Collar TiesBind with the rafter together to resistuplift when strong winds .

Brandering

WebsIs a short aluminium which runsfrom the bottom chord to the topchord.

Bottom ChordThe large horizontal member ofsteel at the bottom of the truss.

OverhangThe top chord which extends fromthe wall.

ApexThe highest point of the truss.

PurlinsThe long horizontal steel lay above the top chord.

Nail Plate

Wall Plate

RC WallTo support the load ofroof structures .

SpliceNormal SpanThe length of the bottom beamthat spans the wall frames

Truss Terminology

Top Chord

Collar Ties

Posts

WebsBottom Chord

Apex

Purlins

PostsTo resist against lateralwind and seismicforces.

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R OOFJOINT

Driven misaligned, overdriven,and under driven which couldcontribute to leakage and poorengagement.

Screw

Power Tools

Hammer Drill Screw Gun Aka Nail Gun

Steel Brackets

Steel Rafter PurlinsJoint

Screw guns auto-feed screws from aclip.

Combination of hammer and drillingmodes.

To show the joint between steel brackets and screw to hold the aluminum channel andonto the masonry bricks.

Tappingrange up to10ga mean0.25cm foraluminumthickness.

A screwtappingthrough thealuminumchannel.

Properly driven Improperly drivenDriven straight,good penetrationand compressedfirmly against thesurface.

The fasteners penetrate the metal decks and thesteel rafter.

AluminumChannel

Aluminum HollowRectangular Bar

Aluminum HatChannel

How bolts work together with steelbrackets to joint the steel rafter andpurlins

Section view of steelbrackets and bolts.

Square steelbrackets.

L- Shaped of steelbrackets.

Showing the screw penetrate themasonry wall and steel rafter.

Aluminum CChannel

Aluminum ZChannel

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Internal SupportConnection

Apex Connection

L-Brackets

Bolt Penetrate InMin. 50mm

Posts

R.C. Beams

Bottom Chord

Bottom ChordKing Posts

Top Chord

Apex PlateSelf-DrillingScrew

Section X - X

X

X

The connection between R.C. beams and bottomchordBolted together by L-brackets and bolts.

The bottom chord, posts and webs are bolttogether.

The apex plat e is apply between thetop chord and king posts. Thanbolted it with 6 screws.

Connection

End Connection Bottom Chord Connection

Bottom Chord

Brick W all



UpperBeam/BrickWall

Posts

L-Brackets

Top Chord

L-BracketsBrick Wall


R.C. BeamsBottom Chord

Bottom Chord

R.C. Beams

Bolt Penetrate InMin. 50mmPosts Posts

L-BracketsL-Brackets

The overhang of top chord and concretebrick are bolt together by L-brackets.

The top chord are bolt into the brick wall byL-brackets with 8 screws.

The bottom chord are bolt into the R.Cbeams by L-brackets with 8 screws.

The overhang of bottom chord lay down ongap of bricks than applied concrete to fill it.

R OOFCONNECTION

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Bottom Chord Bracing Post Bracing

Plan ViewFront View

Side ViewSide View

Section Y - Y

Section Z - Z

Y

Y

Z

Z

Bottom Chord

Bottom ChordBracing

Bottom Chord

Bottom ChordBracing

PostBracing

Collar TiePostBracing

Collar Tie

Vertical sway bracing must be requiredbetween the top and bottom chords of adjacenttrusses to provide resistance against lateralwind and seismic forces.

Bottom chord braces which bolted below thebottom chord to limiting any bending.

Bracing

Web BracingPurlin Bracing

Plan View Front View

Side View

Section W - W

W

W

Top Chord

PurlinBracing

PurlinBracingTop Chord

Top Chord

Collar Tie

Bottom Chord

Web BracingPosts

Purlin which bolted above the top chord to limitingany bending movement and the spans for each is700mm.

The web bracing sometimesrequired on roof truss arecalled continuous lateralbraces to keep the truss webfrom buckling and falling over

R OOFBRACING

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R OOFMECHANICAL SERVICES, CEILING &

WORKER

Electrical

Ventilation Pipe isan extension of thewaste that runs upthrough the roof tothe exterior forventing of exhaustgases and tomaintainatmosphericpressure in thewaste system.

Ceiling Workers

Upper R.C. B eam

PVC Casing

Aluminum Wire

L-Bracket

VentFlashing

RoofRafter

Wall

Water Tank

Ceiling

Suspensi onRod BracketSuspensionRodSuspensionClip

CeilingPanels Main Tee

Tile Hold-DownClip

SteelBeams

The worker use his right leg step onthe top chord with full force to squaddown to his work.

The worker use his left leg step on thepurlins with less force to assist hisstability but If full force will cause thepurlins bend down.

The ceiling panels were supported by thebottom chord and the concrete beams byhanging with suspension rod.

The electricalwires wereapplied intothe PVCcasing andtied withaluminum wirebetween thebottom chordor R.C. Beam

Mechanical ServicesVentilate pipe

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Flashing

-Flexible, weather resistant EPDMrubber or silicone-Aluminum base is flexible toconform to any panel profile-Grey EPDM is ozone andultraviolet resistance-Appropriate pipe size diameterlisted on flashing to assure properfit

Edge FlashingProperties-Can be stretches to any shape, seals & stays-Large square & round ducts & penetrations-Flash between dissimilar materials & roof profiles-Paintable after installation-Handles vibration & expansion

Applications.-metal roof and wall-concrete or masonry-sealing edges on all surfaces-Splicing, lapping, sealing to all surfaces-termination/joining ends of dekstrip

Before flashing on thecorner between metaldeck roof & R.C. wall

After flashing on thecorner between metaldeck roof & R.C. wall

2) Apply sealant to

the bottom of thebase to seal up

5) Installthefastenerson the top& bottomedge

6) Applyadditionalsealant onbothfastenededges

Installation Process

2) Applysplice tapeon thedekstrip

3) Thanputanotherdekstipover thetape

4) Thanapplyheat tosealedges

Installation Process

1) Cut into proper

pipe diameter to fitdown to the pipe

1) Applythesealantalong thecorner

3) Mold theflexible base tothe panelcontours

4) Faster with 13-30pieces of self drillingfastener around thebase

Material-EPDM rubber or silicone-Aluminum base

Fastener - 1/4 -1 x 1-1/8 stainless cap head- Corrosion resistant fasteners- Number of fasteners from 13-30

pieces.

Sealant Tube Apply on bottom base to assurea proper seal to beware fromwater getting in. Appliedadditional sealant can be appliedaround base after installation.

VentilatePipe

Ridge Flashing

ClosureSeal together with outsideand inside closure.

Typical Inside Closure Applied closure to prevent water getting in and sealbetween the ridge and metal deck .

Pipe Flashing

The steel covering over the ridge to createcover and seal between two slopes toagainst the rain and wind.

SiliconeUsing sealant tube to seal it.

ScrewPenetrate the bolt though ridgeand metal deck.

Typical Outside Closure

Ridge

Metal deck

Material-Grey TPE

R OOFFLASHING

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R OOFGUTTER SYSTEM

Gutter SystemGutter & Downspout

PVC DownspoutLeading the rainwaterdown from downspout todrainage.

Fascia A flat horizontal bandaround a roof'sperimeter.

Gutter Leading therain water frommetal decks toit.

R.C.Beam

PurlinsTo stable the truss and apply the metal decks on it.

Metal DecksTo protect the building from raining and wind.

SoffitMade by fiber cement boardwhich water, fire, termite, andweather resistant, aestheticallypleasing, and environmentallyfriendly. Than leaving a smallgap between the soffit and R.C.Beam.

Gutter 135 Internal Angle

Joint Connector

90 Internal Angle Stop Ends Fascia Bracket

The gutters are vinyl, galvanized steel, or aluminum. The function is to let rainwater leadingto the roof drains or gutters from the roof area.

EndJoiner

Corner

Gutter

Hanger

Drop Outlet

Elbow

Connector

Downspout

Downspout Clip

Gutter Scupper Internal Drain

Gutter mounted at low end of roofwhich better resistance on leakage.

Leakage common at scupper. Potential leakage area atdrain same like scupper

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