10 WAYS IMPROVES TRANSITRA T

IMAGE CREDIT: EFE

RA T ATTRACTS

IMAGE CREDIT: PEELLDEN

Art and design are powerful tools in attracting riders; in Buenos Aires’ ridership doubled after the infusion of art in their subway. 1 Enhancing utilitarian transit environments with high-quality and immersive artwork is proven to increase ridership. 1 Studies of numerous art-in-transit programs in Naples, Vancouver and New York City reveal that people are willing to pay more, endure longer wait times, and travel farther to access aesthetically enhanced transit lines or stations. 2 3 4

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ATTRACTS

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Elevating space with art also sends a message that the physical space and the people served by the station are highly valued. 5 The effect is both welcoming and comforting to riders and improves riders feelings toward the service provider. 5 Art in transit benefits transit patrons and providers: improves perception of transit, improves customer experience, deters vandalism, and increases safety and security. 5

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IMAGE CREDIT: MY LOVE FOR PARIS

Art in the transit corridors has multiple public health benefits, including reducing stress and social isolation, and improving understanding among diverse populations. 6 7 8 By increasing ridership, art promotes physical activity and has long-term health benefits such as improving air quality and increasing a community’s walkability. 9 10 Individuals who use public transportation get over three times as much physical activity per day as those who don’t. 11 12

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IMAGE CREDIT: ELSA & VIVI

Art-enhanced stations can serve as inviting gateways into the neighborhoods they represent. 5 Through art integration, the station environment can become a space to reveal and celebrate a community’s uniqueness—empowering residents, educating visitors, and inviting people to explore and invest in the community.

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BART and Muni metro stations serve more than 169 million people annually —over 280 times more people than are served by our region’s most frequently visited museums. 13 Our underground transit corridors—the region’s most densely utilized public spaces—represent a tremendous opportunity to engage broad spectrums of the public in the arts. Improving a transit station by adding artwork elevates the space and signals that the space is highly valued. 5 Riders in turn respond with greater respect for the transit environment and their fellow passengers. 5

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IMAGE CREDIT: SHELBYADELE

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The presence of art in a transit station is shown to reduce crime and vandalism and increase safety. 5 People can perceive a station as dangerous due to poor general appearance, low lighting levels or lack of maintenance. 17 An increase in ridership means there is more surveillance from other passengers and a reduction in both fear and actual crime risk. 15 Art in the transit corridor has been proven to deter vandalism, increase feelings of safety and decrease crime. 5 By bringing vibrancy to a public space, art can improve the appearance and safety of the transit facility. 16

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Art can elevate public transit stations into welcoming, pleasurable and memorable places that can also serve as gateways into the neighborhoods they represent. 5 14 17 Art can transform stations into cultural landmarks and inspiring destinations that reveal and celebrate a community’s uniqueness—empowering residents, educating visitors and inviting people to explore the community. 5 18 19 20 The transit network can become a vibrant nexus connecting residents and visitors to the diversity of neighborhoods that define our region.

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IMAGE CREDIT: THE COMMUNICATION NETWORK

Investment in the arts and cultural resources of a community can support innovation and economic growth and sustain neighborhoods by stabilizing property values. 21 22 23 Station renewal feeds neighborhood renewal; enhanced stations not only attract riders, but also can stimulate commerce in the surrounding neighborhood. 5

18 19 Public art has been shown to increase the attractiveness of an area to businesses and skilled professionals, making people more confident about investing in that community. 24 Aesthetics are also proven to influence local GDP.

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IMAGE CREDIT: PEELDEN

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Art makes mass transit a more attractive alternative to driving, resulting in reduced congestion on roadways, improved air quality, a reduction in fuel consumption and lowering of the emissions that cause ozone depletion and climate change. 10 11 25 Transit-oriented development follows as ridership grows, providing additional emission reductions. 11 12

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IMAGE CREDIT: RACHEL DINNO-TAYLOR

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An aesthetically pleasing environment puts riders at ease. Art decreases riders’ feelings of stress brought on by commuting and can also assist riders in navigating confusing, often unfamiliar subterranean territory. 5

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IDNIFYAW N G

1. Transit Cooperative Research Program, sponsored by the Federal Transit Administration. Research Results Digest 96. Au gust 2010. http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/tcrp/tcrp_rrd_96.pdf2. Federation of Canadian Municipalities. Urban Environmental Programs, Case Studies in Sustainable Transportation, North America Case Study 95: Public Art and Design in Transit, November 2011. https://www.fcm.ca/Documents/ case-studies/GMF/Transport-Canada/PublicArtDesignTransit_EN.pdf3. Cascetta, Ennio and Armando Carteni. The hedonic value of railway terminals. A quantitative analysis of the impact of stations quality on traveler’s behavior. 2012. Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Universi ty of Napoli Frederico II, Naples, Italy.4. Seixas, Naomi. Does Art matter? Assessing the Social Value of Public Art in New York City’s Transit System. Tracing the City: Interventions of Art and Public Space. Adapted for ‘Urban Encounters: Art and the Public’ from a demonstration of professional competence submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science and Re gional Planning, School of Architecture, Pratt Institute. May 2013. http://tracingthecity.ca/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/ Does-Art-Matter.pdf5. American Public Transportation Association (APTA). Recommended Practice: Best Practices for Integrating Art into Cap ital Projects. APTA Standards Development Program, APTA SUDS-UD-RP-007-13. Published June 28, 2013. http://www. apta.com/resources/hottopics/sustainability/Documents/APTA%20SUDS-UD-RP-007-13%20Integrating%20Art%20 into%20Capital%20Projects.pdf6. UITP (International Association of Public Transport) Design and Culture Group. Fact Sheet: Art on Transport. March 2003. 7. U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration. Benefits of Livability. http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/liva bility/fact_sheets/benefits.pdf8. Village Well. Train Stations as Places for Community Wellbeing. Published by Village Well (Victoria, Australia). July 2006. http://www.vichealth.vic.gov.au/~/media/ProgramsandProjects/PlanningHealthyEnvironments/Attachments/Train_Sta tions_Community_Wellbeing2.ashx9. Badger, Emily. Researchers put two Spanish-speakers on a train and changed commuters’ views of immigration. The Washington Post’s Wonkblog. August 8, 2014. www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2014/08/08/researchers- put-two-spanish-speakers-on-a-train-and-changed-commuters-views-of-immigration/10. American Public Transportation Association (APTA). Media Center: Public Transportation Benefits. www.apta.com/me diacenter/ptbenefits/Pages/default.aspx11. TransLoc, 6 Health Benefits of Public Transportation, http://transloc.com/6-health-benefits-of-public-transportation12. Litman, T. Evaluating Public Transportation Health Benefits. Victoria Transport Policy Institute, for the American Public Transportation Association. June 2010. www.apta.com/resources/reportsandpublications/Documents/APTA_Health_Ben efits_Litman.pdf

REFERENCES

13. Benfield, Kaid. Huffinton Post. How Transit, Walkability Make Cities More Affordable. http://www.huffingtonpost. com/f-kaid-benfield/how-transit-walkability-h_b_5704997.html. August 25, 2014.14. American Public Transportation Commission. Why Design Matters. 2011.15. Smith, Martha J. and Ronald V. Clarke. Crime and Public Transport. Crime and Justice. Vol. 27 (2000) pp. 169-233. The University of Chicago Press.16. U.S. Federal Transportation Administration Circular 9400.1A. “Design and Art in Transit Projects.” 199517. Village Well. Train Stations as Places for Community Wellbeing. Published by Village Well (Victoria, Australia). July 2006.18. Americans for the Arts. Why Public Art Matters. Public Art Network Council, Green Paper. http://blog.artsusa.org/ artsblog/wp-content/uploads/greenpapers/documents/PublicArtNetwork_GreenPaper.pdf19. Loukaitou-Sideris, Anastasia and James Rojas. Project for Public Spaces (project funded by FTA). Tools for Transit Dependent Communities. http://www.pps.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Tools-for-Transit-Dependent-Com munities.pdf20. Rapson, Rip. Creative placemaking: Rethinking the role of arts and culture in strengthening communities. CEO of Kresge Foundation, Speaking at the League of Historic American Theaters conference. July 18, 2013. http://kresge. org/about-us/presidents-corner/creative-placemaking-rethinking-role-arts-and-culture-strengthening-commu21. Schleter, Brian. Measuring the Social, Economic Benefits of Art and Culture. Penn Current. October 13, 2011. 22. Debrezion, G., Eric Pels and Piet Rietveld. The Impact of Railway Stations on Residential and Commercial Property Value: A Meta-analysis. Springer Science + Business Media, LLC. Published online: June 19, 2007.23. Grodach, Carl, Elizabeth Currid-Halkett, and Nicole Foster and James Murdoch III. A Metro- and Neighbor hood-Level Analysis. Urban Studies. February 1, 2014. 24. National Assembly of State Arts Agencies (NASAA). State Policy Briefs, Tools for Art Decision Making: Why Should the Government Support the Arts? 2014. http://www.nasaa-arts.org/Advocacy/Advocacy-Tools/Why-Gov ernment-Support/WhyGovSupport.pdf 25. City of Cincinnati. Climate Protection Action: The Green Cincinnati Plan. June 19, 2008. http://www.uc.edu/cdc/ urban_database/citywide_regional/green_cinti_plan.pdf

REFERENCES

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