10.04.04 on historical sociology
TRANSCRIPT
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What is Historical Sociology?
Nick Wilson—Berkeley SociologySoc 5—Evaluation of Evidence
April 13, 2010
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Roadmap
1. Introduction2. Data3. Substance4. Analysis5. Explanation6. Coda
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Roadmap
1. Introduction2. Data3. Substance4. Analysis5. Explanation6. Coda
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What is Historical Sociology?
• Simple answer:The sub-discipline of sociology that attempts to mount social-scientific analysis of the human past
• Begs the question
Why would you want to?
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Why Care?
• All of the founders of the discipline were historical sociologists– Weber– Durkheim– Marx
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6Max Weber (1864-1920)
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7Emile Durkheim (1858-1917)
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8Karl Marx (1818-1883)
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9Karl Marx (1818-1883)
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10Groucho Marx (1890-1977)
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11Richard Marx (b. 1963)
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12Karl Marx (1818-1883)
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Why Care?
• All of the founders of the discipline were historical sociologists– Weber– Marx– Durkheim
• Conservative count: 7 of the last 12 years of the ASA Best Book award have gone to historical sociology
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Lecture Themes
1. Complexity– Instead, family resemblance
• What do things we call historical sociology share?
2. Hybridity– Science
• Gathers generalizeable knowledge about the social world
– Humanities• Uncovers the meaning of being human
3. Particularity/Generality– Particular events?
• The American Revolution as a singular event
– General patterns?• Revolutions in general, with the American Revolution as an example
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Roadmap
1. Introduction2. Data3. Substance4. Analysis5. Explanation6. Coda
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Sources
Two major families• Primary Data– Produced by the historical actors or during the
episode under study
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17Magna Carta (1215 C. E.)
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East India Company Court of Director’s Patronage Ledger (19th Century, India Office Records, London)
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19John Speed World Map (1626?)
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20James Cape
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James Cape’s Slave Narrative, Transcribed during the Federal Writer’s Project, 1936-1938
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Sources
Two major families• Primary Data– Produced by the historical actors or during the
episode under study– Usually found in archives
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Sources
Two major families• Primary Data– Produced by the historical actors or during the episode
under study– Usually found in archives
• Secondary Data– Produced after the historical episode by scholars.– Historical monographs
• Specialized texts exploring an episode in great depth
– Usually found in libraries
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How Are Sources Used?
• Scholars read primary and secondary texts for information about the past
• Judging what the text says and doesn’t say• Construct as accurate a picture of possible of
past events
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Roadmap
1. Introduction2. Data3. Substance4. Analysis5. Explanation6. Coda
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Substance (I): Focal Object
Western Capitalist Modernity
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Substance (II): Capitalism
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Substance (III): The State
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Substance (IV): Civil Society
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Substance (V): Science and Culture
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Substance (VI): Civility and the Self
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Roadmap
1. Introduction2. Data3. Substance4. Analysis5. Explanation6. Coda
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Analysis: Time Matters!
The passage of time is analytically central 1. The past gives more data about rare events– Example: Revolutions
2. The past constrains the present– QWERTY keyboards
3. Events in the past constrain AND enable– The French revolution
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Roadmap
1. Introduction2. Data3. Substance4. Analysis5. Explanation6. Coda
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Methods of Explanation
1. Causal Narrative2. Teleology3. Experimental-Comparative4. Conjuncture
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Methods of Explanation
1. Causal Narrative2. Teleology3. Experimental-Comparative4. Conjuncture
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Causal NarrativeSecondary Cause
Secondary Cause
Primary Cause
Historical Event
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Methods of Explanation
1. Causal Narrative2. Teleology3. Experimental-Comparative4. Conjuncture
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Methods of Explanation
1. Causal Narrative2. Teleology3. Experimental-Comparative4. Conjuncture
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Method of Agreement
[Cause 1, Cause 2, Cause 3] = Positive Outcome
[Cause 2, Cause 3, Cause 4] = Positive Outcome
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Method of Agreement
[Cause 1, Cause 2, Cause 3] = Positive Outcome
[Cause 2, Cause 3, Cause 4] = Positive Outcome
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Method of Agreement
Cause 2 + Cause 3 = Outcome
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Method of Difference
[Cause A, Cause B, Cause C] = Positive Outcome
[Cause A, Cause B, Cause D] = Negative Outcome
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Method of Difference
[Cause A, Cause B, Cause C] = Positive Outcome
[Cause A, Cause B, Cause D] = Negative Outcome
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Method of Difference
Cause C = Outcome
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Methods of Explanation
1. Causal Narrative2. Teleology3. Experimental-Comparative4. Conjuncture
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Conjunctural ExplanationCause Cause
Cause
Historical EventCausal Conjuncture
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Roadmap
1. Introduction2. Data3. Substance4. Analysis5. Explanation6. Coda
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