1007 the progress of the system of rice intensification in super hybrid rice

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The Progress of SRI in The Progress of SRI in Super Hybrid Rice Super Hybrid Rice Dr. Ma Guohui, Deputy DG & Professor Dr. Ma Guohui, Deputy DG & Professor China National Hybrid Rice R & D Center China National Hybrid Rice R & D Center 28 February, 2010, Hangzhou 28 February, 2010, Hangzhou

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Presented by: Ma Guohui, Deputy DG China National Hybrid Rice R & D Center Presented at: Workshop on the System of Rice Intensification, Exchanging Experience in China, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and Internationally Held February 28-March 2, 2010, in Hangzhou, China

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Page 1: 1007 The Progress of the System of Rice Intensification in Super Hybrid Rice

The Progress of SRI in The Progress of SRI in Super Hybrid RiceSuper Hybrid Rice

Dr. Ma Guohui, Deputy DG & Professor Dr. Ma Guohui, Deputy DG & Professor

China National Hybrid Rice R & D CenterChina National Hybrid Rice R & D Center

28 February, 2010, Hangzhou28 February, 2010, Hangzhou

Page 2: 1007 The Progress of the System of Rice Intensification in Super Hybrid Rice
Page 3: 1007 The Progress of the System of Rice Intensification in Super Hybrid Rice

2003.3.1-3. 杭州

Page 4: 1007 The Progress of the System of Rice Intensification in Super Hybrid Rice

1. Key elements of SRI & M-SRI1. Key elements of SRI & M-SRI

2. Major progress in M-SRI

3. Key issues for SRI improvement

OutlineOutline

Page 5: 1007 The Progress of the System of Rice Intensification in Super Hybrid Rice

A. Key elements of SRIA. Key elements of SRI

Single seedlings with wide spacing 稀植建立较大的生长空间有利于通风透光,分蘖多根系发达,能更好地从土壤中吸取养分,形成多穗和大穗 .

Raising very young seedlings in carefully managed nurseries 帮助秧苗在大田迅速恢复生长确保高产的潜力发挥至关重要 .

Less water for irrigation 这一方式重在使稻株的结构,根和分蘖的密度及空间定位得到优化,氧气更易直接进入土壤达到根部,促进根系深扎 .

Manual weed control without herbicide 幼穗分化前深中耕 2~3次,达到除草、通气、促根的目的 .中耕调节氧气为稻根利用比消灭杂草更为重要 .

Mulch compost application 减少化肥用量,每亩基肥施足 2500~4000千克 .施用堆肥和厩肥不仅可改良土壤结构、促进根的生长,而且能促进土壤有利微生物的形成

1. Key elements of SRI & M-SRI1. Key elements of SRI & M-SRI

Page 6: 1007 The Progress of the System of Rice Intensification in Super Hybrid Rice

Adaptable high-yielding varieties

Reasonable (optimal) spacing

Plastic tray nursery instead wet nursery

Both organic and chemical fertilizer

Weed control with chemicals & manual

Adaptable implement for field tillage

Technical standardization (processing)

B. Key elements of Modified SRIB. Key elements of Modified SRI

Page 7: 1007 The Progress of the System of Rice Intensification in Super Hybrid Rice

1) Varieties evaluation for SRI methods 筛选出了 14 个适于不同生态区的优质高产杂交新组合 ( 品

种 ) ,奠定了水稻改良型强化栽培技术推广应用的良种基础 .

Hunan :丰优 611 、准两优 527 、 88S/0293 、

88S/0389 、金优 Q661 ;

Sichuan :冈优 527 、 D 优 527 、川香优 2 号、

协优 527 、辐优 802 ;

Guangdong :粤杂 122 、粤杂 889 、天丰优 998 、桂农占

2. Major progress in M-SRI

Page 8: 1007 The Progress of the System of Rice Intensification in Super Hybrid Rice

11.0

11.2

11.4

11.6

11.8

12.0

12.2

12.4

12.6

12.8

产量

(t/ha)

丰优661 金优Q661 88S/0389 准两优527 88s/0293

SRI栽培 常规栽培

Yield differences between varieties by SRI and Ck

Yield advantages by M-SRI: 3.6-10.5% over CK Varieties applied: longer growth duration, vigorous tillering, bigger panicles, and resistant to lodging

Page 9: 1007 The Progress of the System of Rice Intensification in Super Hybrid Rice

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

64s/y992 38s/9311 两优培九 超优2号 Y两优1号

三苗区(kg/亩) 单苗区(kg/亩)

图 1. SRI 改良技术平均产量效果比较

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

64s/y992 38s/9311 两优培九 超优2号 88s/9311

三苗区(kg/亩) 单苗区(kg/亩)

图 2. SRI 改良技术最高产量效果比较

1 ) SRI used with 7 new hybrids showed yield increase, producing yields SRI used with 7 new hybrids showed yield increase, producing yields of more than 800 kg/mu (12 t/ha)of more than 800 kg/mu (12 t/ha)

22 )) Spacing: 26-Spacing: 26-30×30cm ;

3 ) Showed yield differences with M-SRI between varieties

Yield differences between varieties with SRIYield differences between varieties with SRI

Page 10: 1007 The Progress of the System of Rice Intensification in Super Hybrid Rice

2) Seedling raising methods research

集成并研创了以“软盘旱育秧、定位播种”为特点的改良型强化栽

培乳苗培育技术,并探索了稀直播强化栽培播种育苗技术

Tray nursery advantage :

Yield increase by 8.0% over

upland nursery

Extract seeding tray :

Single or two seeds per hole

saves labor0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

软盘 湿润 纸盘

不同育秧方法产量差异比较(两优培九)不同育秧方法产量差异比较(两优培九)

635.7kg/亩602.5kg /亩525kg /亩

Page 11: 1007 The Progress of the System of Rice Intensification in Super Hybrid Rice

Treatment in nursery

Yield ( t/ha )

Panicles/

667m2

Spikelets per panicle

Filled grains per panicle

Grain weight ( g

Upland tray nursery

11.13 17.38 191.5 172.3 24.78

Upland nursery

10.31 14.52 212.8 186.9 25.33

Wet tray nursery

9.86 13.93 203.1 183 25.8

Wet

Nursery

9.74 15.1 199.9 167.8 25.61

Yield components difference in different nurseries

Page 12: 1007 The Progress of the System of Rice Intensification in Super Hybrid Rice

3) Reasonable (optimal) spacing and suitable seedling age 提出了“适龄早栽、合理稀植”改良型强化栽培群体调控技术

Transplanting age for high yield :

Leaf age = 2-5 leaves

Spacing : 水稻强化栽培要重视稀植,但必须 是合理稀植 .

Hunan : 8000 ~ 10000 Pl/667m2

Sichuan : 6000 ~ 9000 Pl//667m2

Guangdong: 8000 ~ 10000 Pl//667m2

Page 13: 1007 The Progress of the System of Rice Intensification in Super Hybrid Rice

Leaf age

Spikelets Grains per panicle

Seed setting rate (%)

Grain weight (g)

Yield (t/ha)

2 140.7 123.2 87.64 31.68 7.74

3 137.27 118.2 86.15 31.27 7.82

4 141.87 123.9 87.25 31.60 7.68

5 141.2 123.9 87.73 31.51 7.75

Yield at different transplanting leaf ages

不同叶龄处理间产量没有显著差异,可以适当增大强化栽培的移栽叶龄 .

Page 14: 1007 The Progress of the System of Rice Intensification in Super Hybrid Rice

place

Treatment

(hills/667m2)

Panicles

(×10,000

/667 m2)

Spiklets

per

panicle

Grains

per

panicle

Seed setting

rate

( % )

Grain weight

(g)

Yield

(kg/667m2)

Hunan

6,000 12.7 271.7 237.5 87.4 25.4 669.6

8,000 15.9 272.3 235.5 86.5 25.5 825.9

10,000 16.3 268.1 227.1 84.7 25.4 816.3

12,000 16.1 285.3 223.7 78.4 25.3 714.4

Sichuan

3,000 10.2 222 181 81.5 27.9 515.1

6,000 13 232.2 187.8 80.7 28.23 689.2

9,000 16.1 228 179 78.5 28.35 817.0

Guang-dong

6,000 13.5 215.2 176 81.8 28 665.3

8,000 16.3 216.9 169.85 78.3 27.8 769.7

10,000 17.6 213.3 165.1 77.4 27.6 802.0

水稻强化栽培要重视稀植,但必须是合理稀植

Yields with different spacing

Page 15: 1007 The Progress of the System of Rice Intensification in Super Hybrid Rice

4) Component fertilizer 研究了强化栽培技术氮磷钾营养的吸收特点,研制了适于强化栽培的水

稻专用配方肥,建立了与强化栽培配套的“节氮栽培” 肥料运筹技术

Organic & chemical :同等施氮量,“活性肥 + 有机肥 + 化肥”

产量最高,氮肥当季利用率比全有机肥和全化肥

分别提高 10.45 和 5.54 个百分点 .

Early less and late more:前期施肥量小于常规栽培,增大后期

肥料施用量 .

缓控释肥有较好的应用前景

Nitrogen saving:强化栽培氮素利用率提高 5.7 ~ 25.9 % .

Component fertilizer :较习惯施肥法增产 9.9 ~ 10.8 % .

Page 16: 1007 The Progress of the System of Rice Intensification in Super Hybrid Rice

Establish nitrogen-saving technique for high- yielding rice cultivation

VarietiesHighest

yield ( t/ha )

Purity of N applied ( kg/

ha )

Xieyou9019 8.90 300.0

Liangyou 293Liangyou 293 12.1412.14 231.0231.0

LiangyoupeijiuLiangyoupeijiu 12.2612.26 255.0255.0

Progress: With nitrogen-saving technique, a super high-yield of 12t/ha more, but with a lower amount of N at 231.0-255.0 kg/ha

Page 17: 1007 The Progress of the System of Rice Intensification in Super Hybrid Rice

施肥方式对水稻强化栽培 LAI 和总颖花量的影响

Effects of fertilization application manners on LAI and total spikelets with SRI

施肥水平

施肥方法

抽穗(LAI)

成熟(LAI)

下降速率

( % )

总颖花数(107/667m2)

粒 叶 比

( 粒 /cm2

)

Yield(kg/mu)

A19kg/mu

B1/org. 6.5 3.1 52.3 2.60 0.600 612.9

B2/chem 7.4 2.7 63.5 3.25 0.658 656.4

B3/o+c 6.9 2.9 58.0 3.10 0.673 685.1

A212kg/mu

B1/org. 7.5 3.6 52.0 3.23 0.646 688.2

B2/chem 8.2 2.5 69.5 3.44 0.628 663.0

B3/o+c 7.6 2.8 63.2 3.36 0.663 716.8

Page 18: 1007 The Progress of the System of Rice Intensification in Super Hybrid Rice

Cultivation method

N ( kg ) Yield

(kg/667m2)

N rate (%) M-SRI over CK

(+/-%)

M-SRI 12.0 653.7 54.3 5.7

10.8 (less N by 10% )

648.1 59.08 15.0

9.6 (less N by 20%) 621.0 64.69 25.9

CK 12.0 616.6 51.38 -

同等施肥水平强化栽培产量明显提高,同时氮素利用率均较对照高,提高幅度 5.7 - 25.9% . 说明强化栽培在

不增加氮素用量或者适当降低的情况下,也能获得高产 .

Nitrogen-saving effects with yields

Page 19: 1007 The Progress of the System of Rice Intensification in Super Hybrid Rice

The differences of yield and nitrogen utilization between slow-release fertilizers

10.049.54

8.60 8.778.25 8.38

6.14

0123456789

1011

Yie

ld(t

/hm

2)

in 2

00

7

NE NS NE NS NE NS

SCU CCF Urea CK

9.07 9.06 8.19 8.28 8.23 8.10

5.89

0123456789

10

Yie

ld(t

/hm

2 ) in

200

6

NE NS NE NS NE NS

SCU CCF Urea CK

Fig.3. Yield differences between slow-release fertilizers and nitrogen applications

Fertilizers: SCU (sulfur-coated urea) CCF (coated component fertilizer) UreaUrea Ck (no nitrogen application)Ck (no nitrogen application)

Treatments: NE: equal nitrogen application at 180 kg/ha NS: nitrogen application at 135 kg/ha

Place and years: standing plots/fields for 2 years’ continuous experiments in Changsha, China, 2006 and 2007

Nitrogen-saving effects of slow-release fertilizer

Page 20: 1007 The Progress of the System of Rice Intensification in Super Hybrid Rice

Optimized nitrogen rate and Optimized nitrogen rate and diminishing marginal yield analysisdiminishing marginal yield analysis

Yield response to fertilizer N rate

N0N0        N90N90      N135N135        N180N180      N225N225     

N270N270

1) 1) Optimized nitrogen rateOptimized nitrogen rate Highest yields appeared at same rate of 180kg N ha-1. Over or less than this rate,

Y-you No. 1 also yielded less.

When N application increased from N135 to N225 and N270 (by 66.7%-100%), the yield at N225 and N270 was only a

little higher, by just 2.1%-3.2%.

Page 21: 1007 The Progress of the System of Rice Intensification in Super Hybrid Rice

5) Water management and weed control 改进了强化栽培水分管理与中耕除草技术,研创了适于强化栽培的小型中耕农具

,建立了“节水强根”型强化栽培技术模式 .

Water saving model : “分蘖期湿润灌溉,孕穗期浅水灌溉

抽穗 - 成熟期干湿交替灌溉”,比淹水灌溉的水分利用效率提

高 42.42% .

Weed control :研制小型农机具,人工中耕和化学除草相结

合,可以增加工作效率,除草效果显著,增加产量 15 %左右 .

Page 22: 1007 The Progress of the System of Rice Intensification in Super Hybrid Rice

处 理 Treatments

有效穗

Panicle

×10,000

/667m2

结实率Seed setting

rate (%)

产量Yield

(g/hill)

灌溉水利用效率

WPE (kg.m-3)

水分利用率

WUE

(Pn/TR/10-3)

湿润灌溉 /WWI 10.6A 82.2 42.6 2.15 2.65

节水灌溉 /WSI 11.0A 82.5 46.7 2.17 3.07

全程胁迫 /WII 7.2B 67.2 15.8 1.23 2.25

淹水灌溉 /WFI 10.1A 82.0 41.2 1.34 2.49

不同灌溉方式灌溉水利用效率、水分利用率比较Differences of WPE and WUE in varied water irrigation models

Page 23: 1007 The Progress of the System of Rice Intensification in Super Hybrid Rice

6) High-yielding theory of M-SRI

探究了改良型水稻强化栽培超高产的基础理论

Tillering production 强化栽培茎蘖发生规律:

有效分蘖期延长

Dry matter accumulation 强化栽培成穗特性及干物质

积累特点 :

前慢后快,运转率高,后期优势强

Larger root system 稀植栽培垄体健根技术 :

齐穗期和成熟期根干重分别提高了 13.5% 和

17.4%

Page 24: 1007 The Progress of the System of Rice Intensification in Super Hybrid Rice

Tillers differences between cultivation methods

初步结论:不同栽培方式比较中,改良型强化栽培技术形成的分蘖数最多,有效穗数也最多 .

图 1 不同栽培分蘖动态

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

6-25 6-30 7-5 7-10 7-15 7-20 7-25 7-30 8-4 8-9 8-14 8-19 8-24

时间(月/日)

/h

il

l)

SRI 宽窄行 三角形 塑料软盘

不同移栽密度对水稻单株分蘖动态的影响

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

423

4

30

5

7月日

514

521

528

64月日

6

11

618

625

72月日

7

9月日

7

16

日期

单株分蘖数

50cm*50cm

40cm*40cm

30cm*30cm

20cm*20cm

Page 25: 1007 The Progress of the System of Rice Intensification in Super Hybrid Rice

不同种植密度各级分蘖构成及成穗临界叶龄

Tiller composition of each level and critical leaf age for productive tillers under different transplanting densities

组合Combina-

tion

处理Treat-ment

最高分蘖期分蘖构成 ( 个 )Tiller composition at maximal tiller stage

成穗分蘖构成 ( 个 )Tiller composition of

productive tillers

分蘖成穗率 (%)Productive tiller rate

有效分蘖临界期

(月 /日 )Critical stage of effective

tiller

有效分蘖临界 叶龄

Critical leaf age for

effective tiller

一级 二级 三级 四级 一级 二级 三级 四级 一级 二级 三级 四级

两优 0293

A 10.2 28.7 30.1 5.5 8.7 21.3 12.8 1.2 85.3 74.2 42.5 21.8 7/11 12.3

B 8.9 22.3 17.9 1.3 7.1 15.2 3.4 0 79.8 68.2 19.0 0 7/2 10.5

C 8.3 19.6 12.9 0.3 5.3 9.2 2 0 63.9 46.9 15.5 0 6/27 9.3

GD-1S/RB207

A 8.0 19.8 12.3 0 8 19.2 7.7 0 100 97.0 62.6 0 7/16 12.5

B 7.4 17.4 6.7 0 7.2 12.6 2.2 0 97.3 72.4 32.8 0 7/6 10.9

C 6.3 14.3 3.7 0 5.2 8.1 0.1 0 82.5 56.6 2.7 0 6/27 8.9

注:一级分蘖中包括了主茎分蘖。 Note: The first-level tiller category includes main culm tillerA: 50cm×50cm; B: 33.3cm×33.3cm; C: 26.6cm×26.6cm

Page 26: 1007 The Progress of the System of Rice Intensification in Super Hybrid Rice

不同栽培方式茎蘖成穗特性对产量的贡献Panicle rate contribution of SRI & other methods to yield

处理

Treat-ments

A = > 200 spikelets/plant

B= 100-199 spikelets/plant

C =< 100

spikelets/plant

比例

Rate

%

结实率

Seed setting rate%

贡献

Contri--bution

%

比例

Rate

%

结实率

Seed setting rate%

贡献

Contri--bution

%

比例

Rate

%

结实率

Seed setting rate%

贡献

Contri--bution

%

CK 11.4 84.5 19.8 57.1 86.2 60.8 31.5 75.4 19.4

SRI 22.8 91.2 36.0 60.0 90.5 57.4 17.1 80.2 6.7

M-SRI 17.5 89.6 29.3 63.6 87.1 63.0 18.9 85.5 7.7

宽窄 13.5 84.5 21.9 58.4 84.3 62.9 28.1 77.4 15.2

Page 27: 1007 The Progress of the System of Rice Intensification in Super Hybrid Rice

The difference of the dry matter accumulation and Harvest Index with varied cultivation methods不同栽培方式对物质积累及经济系数的影响

齐穗期

Heading

(kg/mu)

成熟期

Harvest

(kg/mu)

茎输出率

Output of stem

(%)

经济系数

HI

CK 908.2 1165 16.2 0.535

SRI 804.7 1102 23.3 0.547

M-SRI 898.4 1214 24.4 0.560

宽窄 820.5 1207 25.0 0.555

Page 28: 1007 The Progress of the System of Rice Intensification in Super Hybrid Rice

Difference of panicle rates with varied cultivation methods

不同栽培方式对成穗率的影响

0.0%

20.0%

40.0%

60.0%

80.0%

M-SRI 宽窄行 △SRI CK

图1 不同栽培方式成穗率

SRI

初步结论:不同栽培方式比较中,改良型强化栽培技术成穗能力较强, SRI技术最低 .

Page 29: 1007 The Progress of the System of Rice Intensification in Super Hybrid Rice

不同栽培方式不同生育期根系干重比较

Difference of root weight with varied cultivation methods

Page 30: 1007 The Progress of the System of Rice Intensification in Super Hybrid Rice

Additional tools for SRIAdditional tools for SRI

7) 7) Small efficient implements used for SRISmall efficient implements used for SRI研究形成了小型工具提高研究形成了小型工具提高 SRISRI 技术的可操作性技术的可操作性

进展:适应 SRI 的软盘育秧精量播种器 进展:改进了两种适于 SRI 技术的小型中耕器

Page 31: 1007 The Progress of the System of Rice Intensification in Super Hybrid Rice

8 ) System of M-SRI建立了超级稻改良型强化栽培技术

软盘旱育

定位播种

适龄早载

合理稀植

节水节氮

垄体强根

Page 32: 1007 The Progress of the System of Rice Intensification in Super Hybrid Rice

Modified SRI for Super hybrid rice

Technical evaluation by Agricultural Department of Hunan Province in September 2005

Page 33: 1007 The Progress of the System of Rice Intensification in Super Hybrid Rice

Publications related to M-SRI

代表论文

Page 34: 1007 The Progress of the System of Rice Intensification in Super Hybrid Rice

Yield potential of M-SRIYield potential of M-SRI

A.A. Hunan Province:Hunan Province: Yield result of P88S/0293 in each demonstration location

Year Address and area Tested byYield

(kg/667m2)

2002/9/10 湖南龙山 , 121.5 亩 湖南省农业厅 817.4

2003/4/30 海南三亚, 1.16 亩 海南省农业厅 826.7

2003/9/16 湖南隆回, 102.2 亩 湖南省农业厅 801.9

2003/10/9 湖南湘潭, 102 亩 农业部科技教育司 804.4

2004/8/29 湖南中方, 107.2 亩 湖南省超级稻办公室 802.5

2004/9/20 湖南隆回, 102 亩 湖南省农业厅 809.9

2004/9/30 安徽安庆, 119 亩 安庆市科技局 802.3

2004/10/4 湖南汝城, 102 亩 湖南省超级稻办公室 803.3

2004/10/4 湖南溆浦, 112.88 亩 湖南省超级稻办公室 806.5

2009/10/18 湖南隆回, 102 亩 湖南省农业厅 851.7

Page 35: 1007 The Progress of the System of Rice Intensification in Super Hybrid Rice

A. Guinea:A. Guinea: Traits and yields of the hybrids with SRI

Hybridvarieties

Growthduration(days)

Heightof

plants( cm )

Totalgrains

perpanicle

Filled grains per

panicle

Seed set(%)

1000-grain

weight( g )

EffectivePanicles (107 ha-1)

Yields harvested(kg ha-1)

GY037 113 104.31 138.36 124.32 89.85 28.14 2.817 8,436

GY036 114 98.23 160.18 142.13 88.73 25.88 2.645 7,794

GY035 104 112.93 136.30 122.90 90.17 34.65 2.601 7,527

GY034 112 95.79 151.20 122.52 81.03 29.06 2.700 7,714

GY033 110 92.75 121.33 95.33 78.57 31.25 2.269 5,592

GY032 120 109.30 151.75 125.95 82.99 31.80 2.952 9,232

Yield potential in GuineaYield potential in Guinea

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Zhun-S/527

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Liangyou 293

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TransplantingTransplantingDirect seedingDirect seedingSeedling broadcastingSeedling broadcastingNo-tillage cultivationNo-tillage cultivation

3. Key issues for SRI improvementSRI should be more diversified to deal SRI should be more diversified to deal with with the great diversitythe great diversity of rice of rice cultivation conditionscultivation conditions

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技术特点:可同步开沟、起垄和播种,集成轻简直播、好气强根、节水节肥技术特点:可同步开沟、起垄和播种,集成轻简直播、好气强根、节水节肥

等多项农艺措施。等多项农艺措施。

11 )垄沟作灌溉水沟,保证水稻生长所需;稻种播在垄面上小沟中,湿润促全苗。)垄沟作灌溉水沟,保证水稻生长所需;稻种播在垄面上小沟中,湿润促全苗。

22 )垄沟有水、垄面无水,湿润节水,好气强根。)垄沟有水、垄面无水,湿润节水,好气强根。

33 )垄面上的播种小沟增加了水稻根系的入土深度,较好地解决了一般直播稻播在泥面)垄面上的播种小沟增加了水稻根系的入土深度,较好地解决了一般直播稻播在泥面

上而根系入土较浅、容易倒伏的问题。上而根系入土较浅、容易倒伏的问题。

Merge or integrate? Merge or integrate?

SRI + SRI + Mechanization?Mechanization? + + SeedingSeeding + + ??

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Other challenges to be addressed值得探讨的其它技术性问题

Ways to raise young seedlings/水稻乳苗的培育技术 ;

Ways to transplant young seedlings/乳苗移栽的有效方式、移栽质量与效果

Ways to increase the panicle rate/合理稀植条件下提高水稻成穗率的技术及机理

Ways to increase the utilization efficiency (UE) of nitrogen/

提高肥料的利用率的技术与机理 ;

Ways to increase water use efficiency (WUE)/ 提高土壤水份利用率的技术与机理

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Happy Happy Festival of Lanterns!Festival of Lanterns!

元宵节快乐!元宵节快乐!For any information, please contact: For any information, please contact:

[email protected]@hhrrc.ac.cn