10.2 history and culture pg. 224. early mexico early people belonged to many cultures and each had...
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10.2 History and Culture
Pg. 224
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Early Mexico Early people belonged to many
cultures and each had their own language.
Most were hunter-gatherers. Main crops were beans, corn,
peppers, and squash. Grew them together in the same
fields, called milpa.
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Continued Indian civilizations included: Maya, Olmec,
Toltec, and Zapotec. Very complex and accomplished.
The last was the Aztec. Aztec built an empire in what is now central and southern Mexico.
Capital City, Tenochtitlan, occupied an island in a lake (near Mexico City)
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The Colonial Period 1519 a band of Spanish adventurers
landed on the eastern coast of Mexico.
Called Conquistadors or Conquerors. Formed alliances with tribes who
didn’t like the Aztec. Small pox arrived with the Spanish.
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Continued American Indians had no resistance
to it. Killed many, and weakened the Aztec’s.
Spaniards captured the Aztec capital.
Spanish called the area New Spain. Built Mexico City on Tenochtitlan.
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Tenochtitlan
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Continued Desire for Gold and Silver had been
a major motive for the Spanish. Spanish organized the land into
haciendas – large estates usually owned by wealthy families by worked by peasants (Indians).
Roman Catholic Priests tried to convert AI to Christianity.
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Mexican Hacienda
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Mexico since Independence Rapid, sometimes violent political
change.
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Independence and Revolution 1810 Mexicans began to revolt
against Spanish rule. 1821 won independence. A few powerful families still
controlled the economy and the government.
1848 Mexico lost its northern territory to the U.S.
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Continued Most Mexicans remained poor. Led to the Mexican Revolution,
which lasted from 1910 to 1920. President ruled like a dictator and
held most of the power. Many foreign owned companies
were forced out.
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Continued Result of the revolution – land
reform. Large haciendas were broken up and given to peasant villages.
New land system was not very successful.
In 1992 the farmers were allowed to sell their land.
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Modern Mexico Since 1990 Mexico had again
opened its economy to foreign business.
Increasingly urban. ¾ of Mexicans now live in towns and
cities. In 1992 the U.S., Canada, and
Mexico signed NAFTA.
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Continued NAFTA – lowered trade barriers
between the three countries. Manufacturing in Mexico had
expanded. Tourism has become increasingly
important. Acapulco, Cancun and Mazatlan.