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POPs

(Global Monitoring Plan, GMP)(Global Monitoring Plan, GMP)

GMP in WEOG

GMP i A i P ifi R iGMP in Asia-Pacific Region

WHO/UNEP Collaborated Human Milk Survey

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(UNEP)2004517179 (Parties)

(Persistent Organic PollutantsPOPs)

A BC ABC

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POPs

DD

EE

F

F

ABC

ABC

ABCABC

Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee

(POPRC)

(COP)4

(COP)(COP) (COP)(COP)

CCAA BB CC

POP

AA BB

POPsPOPs POPs

A

B

C

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COP1, 2005 COP4, 2009 COP5, 2011 COP6, 2013

(Aldrin) -(Al h h hl l h ) (Technical

d lf d it(h b l d( ) (Alpha hexachlorocyclohexane) endosulfan and its

related isomers )(hexabromocyclododecane, HBCD)

(Chlordane) -(Beta hexachlorocyclohexane) (Dieldrin) (Chlordecone)

Annex A ()

(Endrin) (Hexabromobiphenyl)

(Heptachlor) (Hexabromodiphenyl ether and heptabromodiphenyl ether)

(Hexachlorobenzene) (Lindane)

(Toxaphene) (Pentachlorobenzene)

(Mirex) (Tetrabromodiphenyl ether and pentabromodiphenyl ether) (PCBs)

Annex B(Perfluorooctane sulfonic acidAnnex B

() (DDT) (Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, its salts and perfluorooctane sulfonylfluoride)

Annex C(Hexachlorobenzene)

(Pentachlorobenzene)

Annex C ()

(Hexachlorobenzene) (Furans) (PCBs) (Dioxins) 6

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Th EU itThe EU community

The REACH regulation- chemical safety assessment

The ECHA ( European Chemical Agency)

Th E P ll t t R l i & T f R i tThe European Pollutants Releasing & Transfer Register

The Scientific Committee on Food- TDI & TWI

Determine the potential new POP candidate

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Short-chained chloroparaffins (SCCP)-2006Short-chained chloroparaffins (SCCP)-2006Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCN), hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD)hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD), Pentachlorophenol (PCP)- 2011Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) 2008Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD)-2008(Risk assessment document was prepared by Sweden b d it i d t f h b t ilkSweden- based on monitoring data of human breast milk, fatty fish from Baltic sea and ETDI)

The European PRTR RegulationThe European PRTR Regulation

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G hGreenhouse gases

Other gases

Pesticides

Chl i t d i b tChlorinated organic substances

Other organic substances

Inorganic substances

Compound THRESHOLD FOR RELEASES

to air kg/year

to water kg/year

to land kg/year g y g y g y

Aldrin 1 1 1Chlordane 1 1 1DDT 1 1 1Dieldrin 1 1 1Endrin 1 1 1Heptachlor 1 1 1Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) 10 1 1Mirex 1 1 1Toxaphene 1 1 1Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) 0,1 0.1 0.1PCDD+PCFD (Dioxins+furans) (as Teq) 0.0001 0.0001 0.00011,2,3,4,5,6- hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) 10 1 1B i d di h l h (PBDE) 1 1Brominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) - 1 1Chlordecone 1 1 1Hexabromobifenyl 0.1 0.1 0.1Lindane 1 1 1

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Lindane 1 1 1Pentachlorobenzene 1 1 1

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European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP)p g g ( )

1979The Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP)

(EMEP)

EMEP LRTAP

()POPs

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European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP)p g g ( )

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European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP)p g g ( )

Chemical Coordinating Centre (CCC)Meteorological Synthesizing Centre -West (MSC-W)Meteorological Synthesizing Centre -East (MSC-E)POPsCenter for Integrated Assessment Modeling (CIAM)Center for Integrated Assessment Modeling (CIAM)Centre on Emission Inventories and Projections (CEIP)

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The Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programmeg g(AMAP) AMAP1991Arctic Environmental Protection

Strategy1996Arctic Council

ARCTIC COUNTRIES

Permanent Participants (indigenous p gpeoples organizations)

Observers (coutries and organizations)

CAFF EPPR PAME SDWGACAP Arctic

Contaminants Action

Programme

AMAP Arctic Monitoring

and Assessment Programme

CAFF Conservation of Arctic Flora

and Fauna CAFF

Emergency, Prevention,

Preparedness and

Response

PAME Protection of

the Arctic Marine

Environment

SDWG Sustainable

Development Working Group

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g Response

The Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programmeg g(AMAP)

() ( )

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The Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programmeg g(AMAP)

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The Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programmeg g(AMAP)

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The Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programmeg g(AMAP)

(1) AMAP AMAP

(2) AMAP

AMAP

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The Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme(AMAP)

POPs POPs

POPs

POPs POPsPOPs

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Arctic Council Action Plan (ACAP)( )

POPs

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Global Atmospheric Passive Sampling Network (GAPS)p p g ( )

2004

Global Monitoring Plan (GMP) POPs

(1) ( ) (2) POPs(3) POPs

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Global Atmospheric Passive Sampling Network (GAPS)p p g ( )

POPs(endosulfanother current use pesticidesPCNsPFASsPBDEsflame retardants)

GAP GAPs

(1) (1) (2) (3) (3) (4) (5)

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( )

Global Atmospheric Passive Sampling Network (GAPS)p p g ( )

(1) (2) (2) (3) (4) (4) (5)

(1) PUF-disk sampler(2) XAD sampler

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Global Atmospheric Passive Sampling Network (GAPS)p p g ( )

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Global Atmospheric Passive Sampling Network (GAPS)p p g ( )

(GRULAC)Location Country Site TypeLa Palma* Cuba BackgroundVeracruz* Mexico RuralTapanti NP Costa BackgroundTapanti NP Costa

RicaBackground

Arauca Colombia RuralHuayna Potosi* Bolivia BackgroundChungara Lake* Chile BackgroundChungara Lake* Chile BackgroundIndaiatuba Brazil BackgroundBahia Blanca* Argentina AgriculturalCoyhaique* Chile BackgroundTlahuac* Mexico UrbanSt. Peter and St. Paul Rocks

Brazil Background

Ragged Point Barbados BackgroundSanta Cruz Island (Galapagos Islands)

Ecuador Background

Porto Velho Brazil UrbanPuruzinho Brazil Background

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Puruzinho Brazil BackgroundValley of the Yaqui Mexico AgriculturalCelestn Mexico Background

WEOGLocation Country Site TypeAlert, NU Canada PO

Location Country Site TypePoint Reyes, CA USA BA

Snare Rapids, NWT Canada BABratts Lake, SK Canada AGWhistler, BC Canada BAVancouver, BC Canada UR

Tampa, FL USA BAHilo, HI USA BATula, AS USA BATudor Hill Bermuda BAa cou e , C Ca ada U

Dorset, ON Canada BADownsview, ON Canada URLittle Fox Lake, YK Canada PO

udo e udaNy-Alesund Norway POStorhofdi Iceland BAHollola Finland RU

Cortes Island, BC Canada BALasqueti Island, BC Canada BASaturna Island, BC Canada BAFraserdale, ON Canada BA

Pallas Finland BAMalin Head Ireland BAParis France URIzmir Turkey UR,

Ucluelet, BC Canada BASable Island, NS Canada BABarrow, Alaska USA PO

yBarcelona Spain URIsola Marettimo Italy BAMario Zucchelli Station,Antarctica

Italy POSt. Lawrence Island,Bering Strait, Alaska

USA PO

Simi Valley, CA USA RUAthens, GA USA AG

AntarcticaTelde, Las Palmas Canary Islands,

SpainBA

Darwin Australia BACape Grim Australia BA

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Dyea, AK USA BA Cape Grim Australia BANorth Island New Zealand BA

Global Atmospheric Passive Sampling Network (GAPS)p p g ( )

Total PCBconcentrations in air measured under the GAPS Network during the first quarter of 2005

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The international Monitoring Network in the Alpine g pRegion for Persistent Organic Pollutants (MONARPOP)

POPs

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Water surveillance

WFD(Water Framework Directive) WFD(Water Framework Directive)

(GMMP)

the River Basin Community Elbe (RBC Elbe, 2011), )the River Basin Commission Weser (RBC Weser, 2011) h T il l W dd S M i ithe Trilateral Wadden Sea Monitoring

and Assessment Programme (TMAP)

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International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine (ICPR)

POPs

AldrinDieldrinEndrin,alpha-HCHbeta-HCHDDT

Brominated diphenylethersHCBPCBsLindane

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International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine (ICPR)

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International Commission for the Protection of LakeInternational Commission for the Protection of Lake Geneva (CIPEL)

-

PCBsPBDEsPFOS

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International Commission for the Protection of LakeInternational Commission for the Protection of Lake Constance

Organochlorine POPs

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EU Wide Monitoring Survey of Polar PersistentEU Wide Monitoring Survey of Polar Persistent Pollutants in European River Waters

NADUF

PFOS

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42

16 4164

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Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme, AMAP Background Air Monitoring of Persistent Organic Pollutants in East

Asian CountriesAsian Countries Co-operative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-

Range Transmissions of Air Pollutants in Europe, EMEPGl b l At h i P i S li S GAPS Global Atmospheric Passive Sampling Survey, GAPS

Integrated Atmospheric Deposition Network, IADN World Health Organization human milk survey, WHOg y,- POP POPsPOPs

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Monitoringprogramme

Region ofinterest

No. of POPmonitoring

sitesMonitoring

periodMonitored

compounds

Arctic monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) Arctic 12 1992 - present PCBs, HCB, chlordanes, DDTs

European Monitoringand Evaluation Programme Europe 7 1993 - present PCBs, DDTs, chlordanes, HCB,(EMP)Global Atmospheric Passive Sampling Network (GAPS) Global

24 2004 - presentPCBs, chlordanes, DDTs, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide,Dieldrin

Integrated Atmospheric Great 5 PCBs, chlordanes, DDTs, heptachlor,Integrated AtmosphericDeposition Network (USA)(IADN)

Greatlakes(USA)

5 1990 - presentPCBs, chlordanes, DDTs, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide,aldrin, endrin, dieldrin.

Monitoring Network in the Alpine Region for Persistent and other Organic Pollutants

EuropeanAlpine 40 2005 - present

PCBs, DDTs, HCB,heptachlor, dieldrin,aldrin, endrin, mirex,and other Organic Pollutants

(MONARPOP) regionsp

PCDD/Fs

Northern ContaminantsProgram (Canada) (NCP) Arctic 8 1992 - present

PCBs, DDTs, mirex, chlordanes,heptachlor, heptachlor,epoxide, HCB, endrin, Dieldrin

U.S. EPAs National Dioxin Air Monitoring Network (NDAMN) USA 34 1998 - 2004 PCDD/Fs, co-planar, PCBsXarxa de Vigilancia i Previside la ContaminaciAtmosfrica (XVPCA)

Catalonia(Spain) 28 1994 - present

PCDD/Fs, co-planarPCBs (2003-present)t os ca ( C )

The UK Toxic Organic MicroPollutants Programme (TOMPS) UK 6 1991 - 2006 PCDD/Fs, PCBs

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Aldrin Chlord. DDT Dield. End. Hepta. HCB Mirex PCB PCDD PCDF Toxaph.AMAP

Air deposition X X X X X X X X X X X Xsnow&ice X X X X X X X X X X X X

Marine water X X X X X X X X X X X Xsediments X X X X X X X X X X X Xplants X X X X X X X X X X X XInvertebrates X X X X X X X X X X X XVertebrates X X X X X X X X X X X X

Terrestrial Plants X X X X X X X X X X X Xvertebrates X X X X X X X X X X X X

Food X X X X X X X X X X X XHELCOMHELCOM

Marine water X X X X Xsediments X X X X Xinvertebrates X X X X X

t b t X X X X Xvertebrates X X X X XTerrestrial vertebrates X X X X X

OSPARAir deposition X X X X

Marine sediments X X X XMarine sediments X X X Xinvertebrates X X X X X Xvertebrates X X X X X X

MAP MEDPOLMarine sediments X X XMarine sediments X X X

invertebrates X X Xvertebrates X X X X X

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Geographic TimeProgramme Media GeographiccoverageTimeperiod POPs measured

WHO Human Milk All UNEPregion 1988 present PCDD/PCDF, PCBg

AMAP Blood Arctic region 1993 presentDDT, PCB, toxaphene, mirex, chlordanes, dieldrin, heptachlor, HCB,

CDC/CCEHIP/ NCEH Blood United States 1993 present All 12 Stockholm Convention POPs

Uppsala Human Milk Sweden 1996 present DDT, PCB, PCDD/PCDF, HCB, chlordanesStockholm Human Milk Sweden 1970 present DDT, PCB, HCB, chlordanes

GerES Blood andUrine Germany 1985-present HCB,DDE, and PCB

ESB Bl d G 1984 HCB PCB 153ESB Blood Germany 1984 present HCB, PCB 153

Australia snap shotsurveys

Blood andmothers Milk Australia Not repetitive PCDD/PCDF, PCB,

New Zealand snap Human mother's PCDD/PCDF, PCB, HCB, d ld h hl dNew Zealand snapshot surveysHuman mother smilk New Zealand Not repetitive dieldrin, heptachlor epoxide, pp-DDT / pp-DDE

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sampling Country Period Location Number of site/sample

(/year) POPs

PCB HCB Ald i Di ld iChina 2007-2008 11 provinces 2 samples/site

PCB, HCB, Aldrin, Dieldrin, Endrin, DDT, Chlordane, Heptachlor, Mirex, PCDD/PCDF and dl-PCB

Central/Western Once every

Hong Kong SAR, China Since 1997 Central/Western and Tsuen Wan

Once every month/site PCDD/PCDF and PCB

2004Tap Mun, Yuen Long and Tsuen Wan

On project basis Aldrin, chlordane, DDT, dieldrin, endrin, HCB, heptachlor and mirex

Active Cambodia, Indonesia, Japan, Republic of Korea, Mongolia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam

2004-2007 Background 1-7 sites 2-30 samples

Aldrin, Chlordane, DDT, Dieldrin, Endrin, HCB, Heptachlor, Mirex, PCB, Toxaphene Vietnam

Japan

FY1997-20 06 Throughout the nation 68-979 sites PCDD/PCDF, dl-PCB

2002-2005 Throughout the nation34-37 sites 34-102 sample

Aldrin, Chlordane, DDT, Dieldrin, Endrin, HCB, Heptachlor Mirex PCBJapan nation 102 sample Heptachlor, Mirex, PCB, Toxaphene

Couple of years between 1974

and 2001 Kobe PCBs

passive Fiji 2006-2007 Background 3 sites DDT, PCB

unknownIndia Aldrin, DDT Ahmedabad DDT NIOH, 1984-8526 Oman Oct-05 Muscat 4 samples, 4 sites DDT, HCB, PCB 50

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Unit: pg-TEQ/m3

FY 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Average 0.55 0.23 0.18 0.14 0.14 0.093 0.064 0.058 0.051 0.051

0.010 0.0 0.0065 0.0073 0.0090 0.0066 0.0066 0.0083 0.0039 0.0053Range

- 1.4 - 0.96 - 1.1 - 1.0 - 1.7 - 0.84 - 0.72 - 0.55 - 0.61 - 0.40

(Number ofsites) (68) (458) (463) (920) (979) (966) (913) (892) (825) (763))

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Country period number of samples/sites POPs

China 2007-2008 1800 PCB, HCB, Aldrin, Dieldrin, Endrin, DDT, Chlordane, Heptachlor, Mirex, PCDD/PCDF and Coplanar PCB 1999-2000 8 pooled samples DDT PCB1999 2000 8 pooled samples DDT, PCB 2001-2002 13 pooled samples PCDD/PCDF, dl-PCB

Fiji andTonga Fiji

PCDD/PCDF, dl-PCB 2006 2006: 2 samples (20 donors/sample)

PCB, HCB, Aldrin, Dieldrin, Endrin, DDT, Chlordane, Heptachlor, Toxaphene, Mirex, PCDD/PCDF, dl-PCB

India

4 sites Chlordane, DDT, HCB, PCB 1999-2003 Chlordane, DDT, HCB, PCB, PCDD/PCDF 1979, 1980, 1981-82, 1984-85, 1985-86, 6-75 samples DDT 1994 2004-2005(FY) 2004: 20 samples 2005: 50 samples

PCB, HCB, Aldrin, Dieldrin, Endrin, DDT, Chlordane, Heptachlor, Toxaphene, Mirex, PCDD/PCDF, dl-PCB

2004-2005(FY) 2004: 10 samples 2005: 15 samplesPCB, HCB, Aldrin, Dieldrin, Endrin, DDT, Chlordane, Heptachlor, Toxaphene, Mirex, PCDD/PCDF, dl-PCB

Japan

2005: 15 samples Heptachlor, Toxaphene, Mirex, PCDD/PCDF, dl PCB 1973-2004 19-39 samples PCDD/PCDF, dl-PCB 1973-1986 1988-2000(FY) 20-39 samples PCB

1972-2006(FY) 41-67 samples PCB ( ) p1986-2006(FY) Chlordane1972-1982 1986-2006(FY) DDT 1980-1982 1986-2006(FY) HCB 2006(FY)

Kiribati 2006(FY) 1 pooled sample (50 donors) PCB, HCB, Aldrin, Dieldrin, Endrin, DDT, Chlordane, Heptachlor, Toxaphene, Mirex, PCDD/PCDF and dl-PCB

Philippines PCDD/PCDF, dl-PCB 53

St t i t WHOStrategic partner- WHO

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Human milk is a unique biological matrix forHuman milk is a unique biological matrix for monitoring environmental contaminant.To monitor human burden of exposureTo monitor human burden of exposureTo provide information on exposure of the infantsinfants

Since 1976 the WHO through its GEMS/Food ProgramSince 1976 the WHO through its GEMS/Food Program to evaluate POPs in Foods, including milk.The analytes included dioxins, dibenzofurans and y ,dioxin-like PCB in milk.The 1st and 2nd in 1987-1988(3) and 1992-1993(4)The 3rd round (2001-2002; 26) and 4th round (2005-2007;11)UNEP/WHO milk survey launched in January 2008UNEP/WHO milk survey launched in January 2008To date 27 countries are involved

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PCDD/PCDF in Mothers MilkPCDD/PCDF in Mothers Milk

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Air PCBAir PCBpg/m3

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Air PCDD/FAir PCDD/Ffg TEQ/m3

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Human MilkHuman Milk--marker PCBsmarker PCBsng/g lipid

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Human MilkHuman Milk--PCDD/FPCDD/Fpg TEQ/g lipid

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Human MilkHuman Milk-- Total DDTTotal DDT

ng/g lipid

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T d l di t d i l h tTo develop a coordinated cross regional approach to meet the environmental transport objective.

Passive air sampling are a proven, cost-effective tool f h i ti l l ti d f d ifor enhancing spatial resolution and for reducing uncertainty in model simulation of regional and global transport of POPs.

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W t l bl b t t f th POP l t dWater soluble substances- most of the POPs regulated by SC predominantly transport in air. However, some substances presently being reviewed by the POPs review committee are water- transported.review committee are water transported.

Climate change and climate variability on transport and partitioning of POPs.

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M it i h ld i t t d ithMonitoring program should integrated with source inventoryrelease estimatespollution inventory (multi-

i i f i i i l d idvector inventories for emissions to air, land, water, residue and product)

Monitoring is used to identify, quantify and manage the intentional and unintentional major sources of pollution.intentional and unintentional major sources of pollution.

GMP2 will report 23 POPs in air, human milk, blood, and water.

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