10/23 focus:
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10/23 Focus: Chinese rulers followed the dynastic cycle. This was the understanding that dynasties would rise and fall over and over again. Do Now: Define the term ethnocentrism and explain how geography lead to ethnocentrism in China. China. Dynasties. The Shang Dynasty. 1650 B.C. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
• 10/23 Focus:10/23 Focus:• Chinese rulers followed the dynastic
cycle. This was the understanding that dynasties would rise and fall over and over again.
• Do Now:Do Now:–Define the term ethnocentrism and
explain how geography lead to ethnocentrism in China
ChinaChina
DynastiesDynasties
The Shang Dynasty• 1650 B.C.• Shang gain
control of N. China
• Government– Ruled by Kings– Establish first
dynasty• A ruling family
The Shang Dynasty• Religion– Polytheistic –Worshiped ancestors – Used oracle bones to try
to communicate with them• Bones inscribed with
pictographs• Priests could read them for
messages from ancestors
–Offered ancestors gifts for the afterlife
The Shang Dynasty• written language – used pictograms
• symbols that represent pictures
– Ideograms • symbols that represent
ideas.
• used on the Oracle Bones, but only few people learned how to read and write
The Shang Dynasty
• Early class systems • small warrior class ruling over the
peasants• Patriarchal Society• Male dominated
The Shang Dynasty
• Technology/Achievements/Developments:– Bronze production for weapons and
ceremonial vessels (not tools)– chariots– Silk production
– Irrigation systems
ClosureClosure
• What is a dynasty?• Explain what oracle bones were. • What is meant by term patriarchal?
The Zhou DynastyThe Zhou Dynasty
• 1029 -258 B.C. • Overthrow the
Shang – Told people that
the gods had become angry with Shang misdeeds & Gods had chosen the Zhou to rule
– Leads to the Mandate of Heaven
King Wen, The founder of the Zhou dynasty
The Mandate of HeavenThe Mandate of Heaven• divine approval to rule• Used by rulers to claim
authority over people• Was used to explain
the dynastic cycle– New dynasties were
good and just to the people
– Overtime the dynasty became corrupt and unfair to the people
– Lost approval of gods – New dynasty would take
over
Zhou GovernmentZhou Government• Zhou kings called
themselves “Sons of Heaven
• Kings granted large areas of land to their supporters– Feudalism
• Local lords controlled their own land
• Owed military service to the ruler
• Feudal lords became the real holders of power in China
Zhou AccomplishmentsZhou Accomplishments• Built roads and canals to
expand trade• Silk production
– Produced from cocoons of silkworms
– Became a major export • Made the first books
– Bound thin strips of bamboo & wood
– The I Ching– Book of Songs
• Astronomy– Developed an accurate
calendar – Studied eclipses and
movement of planets
ClosureClosure
• How was the Mandate of Heaven used to justify the overthrow of a government?
• What was the dynastic cycle?
• 10/24 Focus:10/24 Focus:– The Great Wall of China was created
during the Qin Dynasty and is an example of Chinese ethnocentrism.
– The Han Dynasty built a large civilization by using roads. They expanded trade routes and made a great deal of money that helped them expand.
• Do Now:Do Now:– Explain the Mandate of Heaven
Qin DynastyQin Dynasty
• 221 B.C.• Shi Huangdi – “The First Emperor” – Conquers the Zhou• Zhou government
was weak• Feudal lords divided
and at war
Centralized PowerCentralized Power
• Shi Huangdi centralizes power and establishes autocracy– Power from one central area– Autocracy
• A government in which the ruler has absolute or total power
– Abolishes the feudal states– Divided the country into military
districts– Harsh rules
• Rules about being on time• Forced labor to build public works• High taxes
The Great Wall of ChinaThe Great Wall of China• Extended from the
Yellow Sea to the Gobi Desert
• Forced labor used to construct the wall
• Ethnocentrism• Built to keep out
nomads and invaders
• Keep out foreign influences• Limits cultural
diffusion
• The famous Terracotta Soldiers were built to guard the Emperor’ s tomb
The Han DynastyThe Han Dynasty• 206 B.C. -220 B.C• Shi Huangdi dies in 210
B.C.• People revolt against the
Qin• Liu Bang established the
Han dyansty– Peasant leader– Takes the name Gau Zu– Reduced taxes – Changed harsh Qin laws
Han RuleHan Rule• Emperor Wudi • 441 B.C• Strengthens China’s
government and economy– Establishes civil
service system • Government workers• Civil service exam was
required to work in government
• Based on teachings of Confucius
– Opened the Silk Road
The Silk RoadThe Silk Road• Becomes a major trade route– Stretches from China to Mediterranean Sea
• Brings China in contact with other civilizations– Cultural diffusion– Buddhism from India
• New ideas, foods, animals , and products are spread along the silk road
Han Golden Age Han Golden Age
• Expansion of trade and strong government under Han rule brought peace and prosperity
• Technological Advances – Made paper from wood pulp– Iron production – Water powered mills– Invented:
• Wheelbarrow• Fishing reel• Rudder
Han Golden Age
• Advances in Science and Medicine– Acupuncture and herbal
remedies to treat illness – Develop anesthesia
• Advanced astronomers– Developed accurate
clocks
• Wrote science texts– Chemistry, botany, and
Zoology
Closure
• How is the construction of the Great Wall of China an example of Chinese ethnocentrism?
• Why did the Silk Road increase cultural diffusion?