UTILIZATION OF BIOFERTILIZER IN INDONESIA

ISWANDI ANASNATIONAL NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY (BATAN),

AND BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY (IPB), SOIL BIOTECHNOLOGY LABORATORY, INDONESIA

PRESENTED AT 11TH FNCA COORDINATORS’ MEETING 11-12 MARCH 2010, TOKYO, JAPAN

PROBLEMS RELATED TO FERTILIZERS IN INDONESIA

• 1970: INTRODUCTION OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS (NPK)• SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN USE OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS • INCREASE IN SOIL DEGRADATION WITH REDUCTION IN SOIL

ORGANIC MATTER (S.O.M) – INFERTILE SOILS 73%• ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION RESULTING FROM BUILD-UP OF

AGROCHEMICALS IN SOIL AND WATER• LOW NUTRIENT UPTAKE EFFICIENCY AS ANOTHER RESULT• CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS HAVE BECOME VERY EXPENSIVE!• NEED CHEAPER, ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY FERTILIZERS AS

ALTERNATIVES: BIOFERTILIZERS-BIOORGANIC FERTILIZERS

BIO-FERTILIZERSORGANIC FERTILIZERS ENRICHED WITH BIOFERTILIZERMULTI-FUNCTIONAL BIOFERTILIZER (N + P +

ANTAGONISTS)• N2-FIXING BACTERIA (RHIZOBIUM, AZOSPIRILLUM,

AZOTOBACTER)• PHOSPHATE-SOLUBILIZING MICROBES (PSM) • PLANT GROWTH-PROMOTING SUBSTANCES• ANTAGONISTS (INHIBIT GROWTH OF PATHOGENS

AND INSECT)

DIFFERENT SOURCES OF RAW MATERIALS FOR ORGANIC FERTILIZERS

PHOSPHATE-SOLUBILIZING MICROBES

Prof. Dr Iswandi Anas, 2006 5N2-FIXING BACTERIA

COMMON PSM USED AS

INOCULANTS FOR BIOFERTILIZERS

PROF DR ISWANDI ANAS IPB 2008

100 MILLION SEEDLINGS

VIAGRA TEST

RHIZOBIUM FOR ACACIA AND SOYBEAN

PROF DR ISWANDI ANAS IPB 2008

FNCA BIOFERTILIZER GROUP FROM 8 COUNTRIES

Production of bio-organic fertilizers in China

Year No. of enterprises

Total production

(1000 t)

Types of products

Registered products

1995 110 100 4 /

1997 180 400 7 8

1999 280 900 8 59

2001 350 1,500 9 149

2003 450 2,000 11 286

2005 480 500 11 -

2006 500 2,500 11 498

• Data provided by the Center of Supervision, Inspection and Testing of Biofertilizer Quality of MOA

Number of strains being usedfor biofertilizers in China

• Free-living N-fixing bacteria > 40• Associated N-fixing bacteria 106• Rhizobia >3,000• Phosphate-solubilizing strains ~ 80• Phosphate-decomposing strain > 15• Silicate bacteria > 30• PGPR 150-200• Antagonistic strains ~300• Pesticide degraders ~300

Fan, 2008

Vegetables Treatments

50% FYM + neg control Azo + 50% FYM 100% FYM + neg ctrl

Lettuce 12.00 15.00 18.00

Kailan 32.00 32.00 36.00

Broccoli 14.00 18.90 20.80

Cabbage 37.00 52.00 42.00

Carrot 48.00 53.00 53.00

Note : Plot size 6.00 x 3.20 m

Demo plot 2008 WSBF FNCA, 25 February 2009BIOFERTILIZER-BIOORGANIC FERTILIZER UTILIZATION

IN INDONESIA

VEGETABLE, FOOD CROPS, PLANTATION CROPS, FOREST PLANTATION

Treatment Bogor Sukabumi(ton ha-1)

Conventional (250 Urea, 200 SP-18, 100 KCl) 3.59 4.58Inorganic SRI (250 Urea, 200 SP-18, 100 KCl) 4.35 5.32Mixed (50% inorganic + 300 FERTISMART) 3.96 4.97

Effect of bio-organic fertilizer on rice yield planted according to System of Rice Intensification (SRI) (Iswandi et al., 2009)

CAN REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS

Fertilizer treatment Seedlingheight(cm)

Stem diameter

(mm)

No. ofLeaves

100% NPK 87.90 5.47a 13.30a50 % NPK + 100 g BIOST seedling-1 91.90 5.96ab 15.50b50% NPK + 150 g BIOST seedling-1 91.20 6.65b 16.10b

BIO-FERTILIZER / BIO-ORGANIC FERTILIZER FOR PLANTATION CROPS

CAN REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS NEEDED

50% NPK + 150 g BIOST

50% NPK + 100 g BIOST

100% NPK

27% FERTILIZER COST-SAVING FOR SEEDLINGS

24% FERTILIZER COST-SAVING FOR YOUNG OIL PALM TREES

BIO-FERTILIZER / BIO-ORGANIC FERTILIZER FOR PLANTATION CROPS

WEED-MULCH: EUPATHORIUM AND TITHONIA

IMPORTANT OF ACCESSIBILITY TO RADIATION FACILITIES FOR

STERILIZATION OF CARRIERS

GOOD QUALITY OF BIOFERTILIZERS

1. “SUPER” MICROBES: ABILITY, SURVIVAL, COMPETITIVENESS, GROWTH RATE

2. CARRIERS: PEAT, COMPOST, CHARCOAL3. GOOD STERILIZATION:

• AUTOCLAVE (CONVENTIONAL)• IRRADIATION (Co60 OR EBM)

Radiation dosage SterilityPeat 60Co 55 kGy < 12 monthPeat 60Co 35 kGy < 1 monthCompost 60Co 25 kGy < 4 monthCompost EBM 37.50 kGy

Sterilization of bio-fertilizer carrier

Good Radiation Practice (GRP), 60 Co and EBM Provide technical services on radiation technology for sterilization on

materials Time (day)

Viability, 109 cfu g-1

0 1.8014 7.5030 1.8060 5.8090 0.86

STANDARDIZATION OF THE BIOFERTILIZERS QUALITY

QUALITY CONTROL AND QUALITY ASSURANCE TO PROTECT THE CUSTOMERS (FARMERS) AND PRODUCERS

INDONESIA (MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE REGULATIONS):

1. QUALITY TESTING (NUMBER OF BENEFICIAL MICROBES IN CARRIERS, VIABILITY, ETC - BY LABORATORY TEST)

2. EFFECTIVITY TEST: EFFECT ON PLANT GROWTH AND YIELD3. EXPIRATION DATE: NEEDS TO BE STANDARDIZED AND ENFORCED

FNCA – BIOFERTILIZER MEETING IN BANGKOK (2-6 NOV. 2010)FNCA GUIDELINES FOR STANDARIZATION OF BIOFERTILIZERS (REQUIRES COLLABORATION AMONG FNCA MEMBERS)

FERTILIZERS Years2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Total

Organic fertilizers 9 30 70 72 90 271Bio-fertilizers 3 4 9 8 12 36Zeolite - 7 5 7 5 24Dolomite - 13 11 11 18 53Soil amendments - 5 2 - 1 8Agriculture lime - 1 1 2 3 7Total 12 60 98 100 129 399

REGISTERED NON INORGANIC FERTILIZERS IN INDONESIA

REGISTERED BI0-ORGANIC FERTILIZERS IN INDONESIA

CONCLUSIONS1. GROWING DEMAND FOR BIOFERTILIZERS AND

BIO-ORGANIC FERTILIZERS

2. MULTIFUNCTIONAL BIOFERTILIZERS ARE NEEDED: N + P + OTHER NUTRIENTS + PLANT GROWTH PROMOTERS + ANTAGONISTS

3. IRRADIATION TECHNOLOGY IS NEEDED TO PRODUCE GOOD QUALITY BIOFERTILIZERS (NEED AVAILABILITY AND ACCESS)

4. NEED FOR STANDARDIZATION OF BIOFERTILIZERS

5. STRONG SUPPORT FROM FNCA IN RESEARCH FUNDING CAN IMPROVE CURRENT SITUATION