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Biology 103– Nutrition

Example MTX 1 2023-05-06STUDY PURPOSES ONLYNOT FOR PUBLICATION DO NOT DISTRIBUTE

Session:Section:

Class Location:Days / Time:

Instructor:

Summer 201771200 4 UnitsNVC 2210 and LAB TBDMTWTh 10:30 – 12:35 PMRIDDELL

Chapter 1 What Is Nutrition?

Legend: For sentences / statements that DO NOT HAVE answer choices,Answer A if TRUEAnswer B IF False

1. Which nutrient is so vital to health that you wouldn't live more than a few days without it?A) vitaminsB) waterC) mineralsD) protein

2. Which of the following is not a reason why a food becomes a favorite?A) convenienceB) food trendsC) cultureD) food color

3. Which nutrient class supplies glucose as the major source of energy for the body?A) proteinsB) vitaminsC) carbohydratesD) lipids

4. Which nutrient class is used to build body tissues and make enzymes?A) lipidsB) proteinsC) vitaminsD) carbohydrates

5. All of the following are correct about the typical American diet except that it isA) high in sodium.B) low in vitamin D.C) high in fiber.D) low in calcium.

6. Americans need to consume moreA) oils and fewer vegetables.B) meat and saltier foods.C) meat and refined grains.D) fruits and vegetables.

7. What percentage of American adults are considered obese and or overweight?A) 25 percentB) 70 percentC) 75 percent

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D) 42 percent

8. Jane is sitting in the library, cramming for a nutrition test. She has eaten a plate full of brownies and is now ordering a pizza. Which of the following factors is probably affecting the way Jane is eating?

A) costB) advertisingC) cultureD) emotions

9. The defining characteristic of an organic compound is that itA) contains carbon.B) is grown in rich soil.C) contains nitrogen.D) contains hydrogen.

10.Which of the following substances is organic?A) mineralsB) waterC) saltsD) vitamins

11.A well-balanced diet includes all of the following actions exceptA) relying on dietary supplements.B) eating a variety of foods.C) consuming phytochemicals and fiber.D) consuming essential nutrients.

-Nutrition & You, 4e (Blake)Chapter 2 Tools for Healthy Eating

12.The average amount of a nutrient that is known to meet the needs of 50 percent of the individuals in a similar age and gender group is known as the

A) Estimated Average Requirement (EAR).B) Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA).C) Adequate Intake (AI).D) Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs).

13.The highest amount of a nutrient that can be consumed without likely harm in a group of individuals of a similar age is the

A) Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA).B) Adequate Intake (AI).C) Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI).D) Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL).

14.According to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR), what percentage of your daily calories should be provided by carbohydrates?

A) 40 to 70 percentB) 45 to 65 percentC) 20 to 45 percent

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D) 5 to 25 percent

15.Which of the following was developed out of concern over the incidence of overnutrition among Americans?

A) Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR)B) Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)C) Dietary Guidelines for AmericansD) Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

16.According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, what should be the daily sodium intake for a healthy person?

A) more than 2,300 mgB) more than 2,600 mgC) less than 2,300 mgD) less than 2,200 mg

17.According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, an adult woman should consume no more than how many alcoholic drinks per day?

A) 0-1B) 0-2C) 3-4D) 4-5

18. When estimating portion size, a woman's fist is aboutA) a quarter cup of pasta or vegetables.B) a half cup of pasta or vegetables.C) one cup of pasta or vegetables.D) two cups of pasta or vegetables.

19.A food is considered high in a nutrient if it providesA) 5 percent or more of the Daily Value.B) 10 percent or more of the Daily Value.C) 15 percent or more of the Daily Value.D) 20 percent or more of the Daily Value.

20.The average amount of a nutrient that is known to meet the needs of 50 percent of the individuals in a similar age and gender group is called the

A) EAR.B) AI.C) UL.D) RDA.

21.The average amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of 97 to 98 percent of the individuals in a similar group is called the

A) EAR.B) AI.C) UL.D) RDA.

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22.The specific amounts of each nutrient that an individual need to consume to maintain good health, prevent chronic diseases, and avoid unhealthy excesses are known as the

A) EAR.B) AI.C) UL.D) DRIs.

23.Having a diet made of many different foods is known as aA) balanced diet.B) varied diet.C) moderate diet.D) paleo diet.

24.A food guidance system released by the USDA that depicts five food groups using the familiar mealtime visual of a place setting is called

A) MyPyramid.B) the DASH diet.C) MyPlate.D) the Food Circle.

25.Eating breakfast provides more energy throughout the day and results in the consumption of fewer calories. A

26. It is recommended that proteins comprise between 10 and 35 percent of your daily caloric intake .A

27.7The substances in active cultures in fermented dairy products (such as yogurt) that may support intestinal health are antibiotics. B

Nutrition & You, 4e (Blake)Chapter 3 The Basics of Digestion

28.Which of the following processes is not involved in mechanical digestion?A) chewingB) grindingC) enzymesD) peristaltic movement of food

29.The majority of digestion occurs in theA) mouth.B) stomach.C) small intestine.D) large intestine.

30.Which of the following lists of structures correctly sequences the segments of the small intestine?A) duodenum; jejunum; ileumB) jejunum; ileum; duodenumC) duodenum; ileum; jejunum

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D) ileum; duodenum; colon

31.Which of the following actions does not occur in the colon?A) absorption of waterB) production of some vitaminsC) absorption of the majority of nutrientsD) absorption of electrolytes

32.Which of the following statements about the small intestine is false?A) It contains villi.B) It absorbs water.C) It produces digestive secretions.D) It absorbs most nutrients.

33. Which of the following functions is the "sloshing" motion that thoroughly mixes chyme with the chemical secretions in the small intestine?

A) pendular movementB) peristalsisC) segmentationD) absorption

34.Which of the following is likely not a component in feces?A) bacteriaB) sloughed-off gastrointestinal cellsC) undigested fiberD) sucrose

35.The ________ produces bile, whereas the ________ stores it.A) pancreas; bladderB) gallbladder; pancreasC) liver; gallbladderD) gallbladder; liver

36.During digestion, the blood picks up nutrients absorbed through the GI tract and transports them to the

A) liver.B) heart.C) brain.D) lungs.

37.Which of the following foods should be avoided by a person with celiac disease?A) broccoliB) eggsC) pastaD) milk

38.Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

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A) detoxifying alcoholB) storing glycogenC) producing insulinD) producing bile

39. Food high in which of the following substances leaves the stomach first?A) carbohydratesB) fatsC) proteinD) fiber

40. Which of the following processes occurs in the esophagus?A) protein absorptionB) movement of food to the stomachC) bile productionD) fat emulsification

41.Which of the following processes occurs in the liver?A) bile storageB) HCl productionC) bile productionD) production of most digestive enzymes

42.Which of the following body systems eliminates waste from the circulatory system?A) lymphatic systemB) nervous systemC) excretory / urinary systemD) digestive system

43.Ingested food that is chewed and mixed with saliva is called a bolus. A

44.The constrictive wave that involves both forward and reverse movements of chyme is referred to as peristalsis.B

45.Digestion converts whole foods into individual nutrients that can be used by the body's cells. A

46.Oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products are carried throughout the body primarily by the vessels of the Cardiovascular system. A

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Describe the pathway food takes through the body from start to finish.Select the 5 In-Path GI Structures from the following list

47.__AD

48.__B

49.__BC

50.__E

51.__BD

A

B

C

D

E

AB

AC

AD

AE

BC

BD

BE

Blood Vessels

Esophagus

Gall Bladder

Heart

Jejunum

Kidneys

Liver

Mouth

Pancreas

Stomach

Transverse Colon

Urethra

Nutrition & You, 4e (Blake)Chapter 4 Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches, and Fiber

52.Carbohydrate digestion begins in theA) stomach.B) small intestine.C) large intestine.D) mouth.

53.The process of photosynthesis produces which of the following molecules?A) glucoseB) fructoseC) glycogenD) triglycerides

54.The function of glycogen is toA) store energy in plants.B) create membrane structures in plants.C) lower blood glucose levels when they rise after a meal.D) store glucose in humans and animals.

55.Which of the following substances is not a polysaccharide?A) galactoseB) fiber

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C) glycogenD) starch

56.Which of the following statements regarding the amount of carbohydrate you should consume daily is incorrect?

A) The minimum amount of carbohydrate needed for the brain to function efficiently is 130 grams per day.B) The AMDR for carbohydrates is 20 to 35 percent of your total daily calories.C) Eating the recommended daily servings for each food group in MyPyramid will ensure that you meet your minimum amount of carbohydrate.D) In the United States, adult males and females consume more than the minimum DRI for carbohydrates.

57.To which of the following organs do monosaccharides go after absorption?A) pancreasB) gallbladderC) liverD) small intestine

58. What is the source of glucose to supply the energy needs in a person who has not eaten for seven hours?

A) stored fatB) muscle proteinC) liver glycogenD) the brain

59.Approximately how long does it take for liver glycogen stores to be depleted?A) 4 hoursB) 8 hoursC) 12 hoursD) 18 hours

60.According to the latest DRIs, what is the recommended minimum amount of carbohydrates that should be consumed daily?

A) 25 gramsB) 50 gramsC) 130 gramsD) 250 grams

61.Which of the following conditions in a person with diabetes does not result from nerve damage?A) numbness in the toes, feet, legs, and handsB) a decreased ability to feel changes in temperature or pain in the legs and feetC) changes in sexual functionD) cloudy vision and eventual blindness

62.The by-products of incomplete fat breakdown and excessive alcohol ingestion are known asA) ketonesB) glucose monomers.C) keratin fibers.D) collagen fibers.

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63.Simple carbohydrates include monosaccharides and disaccharides. A

In the following 2 Tables, Classify the attributes of each function. Marl ALL that Apply for each.

Function Produces O2

A

Consumes C02

B

Produces CO2

C

Consumes Glucose

D

Produces Glucose

E

64.Cell Respiration C D

65.Photosynthesis A B E

Function Occurs in Animal Cells

A

Occurs in Plant Cells

B

Occurs in the Mitochondria

C

Occurs in the

Chloroplast

D

Occurs outside of

the Cell

E

66.Glycolysis A B

67.Photosynthesis B D

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LegendFor statements without answer choices; Answer A if TRUE, Answer B if FALSE.

Chapter 4 Carbohydrates

1. Insulin can direct the conversion of excess glucose into fat.Answer: TRUE

2. When fasting continues long beyond glycogen depletion, body protein will be broken down to make glucose.

Answer: TRUE

3. The main role of carbohydrates is to supply building material for muscles.Answer: FALSE

4. Insulin is not made in type 2 diabetes.Answer: FALSE

5. Type 1 diabetes requires daily insulin injections or an insulin pump.Answer: TRUE

6. Being overweight increases the risk of type 1 diabetes.Answer: FALSE

7. Type 1 diabetes is caused by insulin resistance.Answer: FALSE

8. When blood glucose levels rise, insulin is released by the kidneys to lower the level.Answer: FALSE

9. Being overweight puts a person at higher risk for developing type 2 diabetes, the most common type of diabetes.

Answer: TRUE

10. Which of the following statements does NOT present a health benefit attributed to eating insoluble fiber?

A) It lowers the risk of developing diverticulosis.B) It lowers the risk of developing constipation.C) It lowers the risk of developing obesity.D) It lowers the risk of developing kidney disease.

11. Which of the following hormones does not increase blood glucose levels?A) glucagonB) epinephrineC) adrenalineD) insulin

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12. People with a deficiency of the enzyme lactase cannot properly digestA) starch.B) table sugar.C) milk sugar.D) fiber.

Chapter 5 Lipids

13. Lipids contain all the following elements exceptA) nitrogen.B) carbon.C) hydrogen.D) oxygen.

14. The two essential fatty acids areA) monoglycerides and diglycerides.B) cholesterol and trans fatty acids.C) linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid.D) PUFAs and MUFAs.

15. Phospholipids are made up of how many fatty acid chains?A) 4B) 3C) 2D) 1

16. The phosphate-containing head of a phospholipid attracts water and is thus said to beA) polar.B) nonpolar.C) hydrophobic.D) None of the answers is correct.

17. Of the following actions, the most effective way to improve HDL cholesterol levels is toA) lower saturated fat intake.B) lower polyunsaturated fat intake.C) engage in routine exercise.D) drink green tea.

18. The energy content of fat is ________ calories per gram.A) 4B) 7C) 9D) 11

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19. Which of the following is not a component of arterial plaque?A) foam cellsB) plateletsC) calciumD) fluoride

20. Fat is the common name for which of the following substances?A) cholesterolB) triglyceridesC) phospholipidsD) sterols

21. Which of the following substances is a major component of cell membranes?A) cholesterolB) triglyceridesC) sterolsD) phospholipids

22. When describing lipids, the term hydrophobic means that they can readily dissolve in water.Answer: FALSE

23. Trans fats raise LDL and do not affect HDL levels.Answer: FALSE

24. Eating an egg a day may not be associated with an increased risk of heart disease in healthy individuals.

Answer: TRUE

25. It is recommended that you consume at least one serving of fish per week to obtain the necessary omega-3 fatty acids.

Answer: FALSE

26. The lipid bilayer of cell membranes is primarily made up of phospholipids.Answer: TRUE

27. Lipids are hydrophilic, which means they do not dissolve in water.Answer: FALSE

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Chapter 6 Proteins

28. Compounds in your body that consist of numerous amino acids and are found in all living cells are called

A) proteins.B) peptides.C) peptones.D) dipeptides.

29. Proteins can be denatured or rendered inactive by which of the following factors?A) coldB) acidsC) fatsD) carbohydrates

30. The type of RNA that carries an amino acid to a ribosome isA) mRNA.B) rRNA.C) tRNA.D) dRNA.

31. Which of the following molecules is a protein that provides structural support to body tissues?A) antibodyB) hemoglobinC) insulinD) collagen

32. The average adult (age 19 and older) should consume how many grams of protein for each kilogram of body weight (g/kg)?

A) 8.0B) 0.6C) 1.8D) 0.8

33. Which of the following foods has the lowest protein content?A) 1 cup melonB) 1/2 cup pastaC) 1 oz. cheeseD) 1/2 cup cooked broccoli

34. A gene is a segment of ________ that codes for a specific protein.A) RNAB) proteinC) DNAD) ribosome

35. Denaturation of a protein results inA) the removal of amino acids.B) alterations in the protein's function.

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C) tighter folding of the protein.D) binding of amino acids.

36. An ovo-vegetarian will eat all of the following foods exceptA) cheese.B) apples.C) bagels.D) an omelet

37. Which of the following statements about soy is correct?A) It may be harmful for individuals at high risk of developing breast cancer.B) It is increasingly rejected by vegetarians as part of their diet.C) Its popularity is decreasing in the United States.D) It is a low-quality protein source that is high in saturated fat.

38. Which of the following food pairings is more likely to be an example of combining two incomplete proteins to achieve protein complementation?

A) vegetables and riceB) a ham and cheese omeletC) steak and eggsD) grape and apple in a fruit salad

39. The absorption of amino acids occurs in theA) mouth.B) stomach.C) small intestine.D) large intestine.

40. After a meal, proteins help increase ________ more than do either carbohydrates or fat.A) thirstB) hungerC) satietyD) nausea

41. A starving person would be in ________ nitrogen balance.A) negativeB) positiveC) equalD) excessive

42. A study of Chinese women revealed that those who ate the most ________ during their adolescent years had a reduced risk of breast cancer in adulthood.

A) broccoliB) fishC) riceD) soy

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43. It is recommended that you consume from 10 to ________ percent of your total daily calories from protein.

A) 30B) 35C) 25D) 15

44. Individuals 18 years of age and younger should consume ________ grams of protein for each kilogram of body weight.

A) 0.80B) 0.75C) 0.85D) 0.90

45. A gram of protein contains ________ calories.A) 5B) 10C) 4D) 3

46. The nitrogen removed from an amino acid generates ammonia, which is converted to ________ and excreted in the urine.

A) ureaB) proteinC) carbonD) sodium

47. All excess calories are stored asA) protein.B) fat.C) collagen.D) plaque.

48. The molecule that directs protein synthesis in cells isA) DNA.B) mRNA.C) tRNA.D) pepsin.

49. An amino acid that can be synthesized in the body is considered to beA) complementary.B) essential.C) nonessential.D) conditional.

50. Plant proteins may be less digestible, especially when eaten raw.Answer: TRUE

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Chapter 7 Vitamins

1) Which of the following statements about vitamins is incorrect?A) They are tasteless.B) They are organic compounds.C) They provide energy.D) They are needed for growth.

3) Which of the following conditions will not destroy the vitamin content of foods?A) coldB) heatC) waterD) air

5) Which of the following substances is a form of naturally occurring vitamin E?A) beta-caroteneB) alpha-tocopherolC) riboflavinD) pantothenic acid

7) Which of the following vitamins is essential for blood clotting?A) vitamin DB) vitamin KC) vitamin CD) vitamin A

8) Which of the following vitamins is important in a woman's diet before she conceives a baby?A) pantothenic acidB) vitamin DC) riboflavinD) folate

9) Which of the following vitamins has been shown to reduce the risk of certain cancers, especially colon cancer?A) folateB) alpha-tocopherolC) vitamin CD) thiamin

15) Which of the following vitamins cannot be synthesized by your body?A) vitamin DB) vitamin KC) biotinD) vitamin C

18) Which of the following vitamins has been shown to beneficially alter the serum levels of triglycerides?A) vitamin BB) vitamin CC) thiaminD) niacin

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21) Which of the following substances is not an antioxidant?A) beta-caroteneB) vitamin CC) vitamin ED) biotin

22) Folate can be found in the highest levels in which of the following foods?A) asparagusB) beansC) meatD) oranges

23) Naturally occurring vitamin B12 is found in which of the following foods?A) cantaloupeB) orangesC) eggsD) peanuts

24) Which of the following statements about vitamin B12 is false?A) Its naturally occurring form is found only in foods from animal sources.B) For its absorption to occur, intrinsic factor is required.C) The body's ability to absorb this vitamin increases with age.D) When it is deficient in the diet, pernicious anemia may result.

26) Which of the following people might not benefit from a vitamin supplement?A) women of childbearing ageB) individuals who don't drink milk or go out in the sunC) strict vegetariansD) individuals who regularly eat fortified foods

27) According to a study conducted by the National Eye Institute, which of the following lists of supplements may lower the risk of age-related macular degeneration?A) vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-caroteneB) vitamin D, vitamin K, and niacinC) pantothenic acid, biotin, and thiaminD) choline, carnitine, and inositol

29) Which of the following vitamins helps bone health by regulating calcium and phosphorus?A) vitamin DB) vitamin KC) cholineD) vitamin E

31) When the B vitamins help numerous enzymes produce reactions within cells, they are acting asA) antioxidants.B) hormones.C) anticoagulants.D) coenzymes.

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32) Vitamin C is also known as ________ acid.A) pantothenicB) folicC) ascorbicD) nicotinic

33) Foods that have had nutrients added to them are designated as ________ foods.A) supplementedB) adulteratedC) refinedD) fortified

35) ________ and vitamin B12 are B vitamins needed for keeping red blood cells healthy.A) NiacinB) ThiaminC) FolateD) Vitamin B6

37) Oxygen-containing molecules that can damage cells and possibly contribute to the increased risk of certain chronic diseases are calledA) antioxidants.B) phytochemicals.C) supplements.D) free radicals.

38) Excessive amounts of water-soluble vitamins are often excreted inA) the blood.B) urine.C) mucus.D) the feces.

39) ________ plays a role in breaking down alcohol in the body.A) ThiaminB) NiacinC) FolateD) Riboflavin

43) ________ boosts the immune system by enabling the body to make white blood cells.A) Vitamin CB) Vitamin AC) Vitamin KD) Vitamin D

44) Vitamin E, vitamin C, and beta-carotene act as ________, which may reduce the risk of heart disease, cancer, arthritis, and Alzheimer's disease.A) provitaminsB) free radicalsC) antioxidantsD) anticoagulants

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48) The condition in which the lens of the eye becomes cloudy is calledA) age-related macular degeneration.B) a cataract.C) glaucoma.D) marasmus.

49) ________ are naturally occurring plant compounds that act as antioxidants and give fruits and vegetables their vibrant colors.A) PhytochemicalsB) AntioxidantsC) Free radicalsD) Fat-soluble vitamins

52) To produce vitamin D from sunlight, individuals require a some period of sun exposure to their skin.

55) Consuming too much niacin can cause flushing of the skin.

56) Prolonged heat from cooking will destroy water-soluble vitamins.

65) A deficiency of vitamin A can lead to night blindness and xerophthalmia.

66) One of the easiest ways to get vitamin D is by drinking fortified milk.

69) Vitamins do not provide energy.

76) Vitamin D helps maintain calcium balance in the blood.

77) Vitamin B6 acts as a coenzyme with more than 100 enzymes involved in the metabolism of proteins.

Chapter 8 Minerals and Water

1) Which of the following statements is correct?A) Water acts as a solvent within the body.B) Water is a main component of the blood.C) Water is used to regulate body temperature.D) All of these statements are correct.

2) The condition known as hyponatremia isA) a severe form of dehydration.B) a problem resulting from eating too much food during a race.C) the presence of too little sodium in the blood due to overconsumption of fluids.D) the presence of too much potassium in the blood due to overconsumption of fluids.

3) Which of the following substances is a major mineral?A) fluorideB) potassiumC) ironD) zinc

4) The body of an average healthy adult is approximately ________ percent water.A) 40-50

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B) 50-60C) 60-70D) 70-80

7) Which of the following minerals may play a role in lowering high blood pressure?A) calciumB) magnesiumC) potassiumD) All of the answers are correct.

11) Which of the following pairs of minerals combines to form hydroxyapatite?A) phosphorus and calciumB) zinc and ironC) potassium and calciumD) sulfur and magnesium

14) The two major electrolytes in the blood and outside of cells areA) sulfur and magnesium.B) zinc and iron.C) sodium and chloride.D) potassium and magnesium.

18) About two-thirds of the ________ in the body is found in hemoglobin.A) molybdenumB) zincC) ironD) chromium

22) Which of the following statements does not correctly describe a function of zinc?A) It may reduce the risk of age-related macular degeneration.B) It helps in wound healing.C) It lowers blood pressure.D) It is important for properly functioning taste buds.

24) Which of the following minerals, when added to water supplies, is responsible for lowering the rate of dental caries in the United States?A) seleniumB) iodineC) fluorideD) calcium25) Which of the following mineral's main role is to increase the effectiveness of insulin in cells?A) iodineB) chromiumC) fluorideD) zinc

26) A goiter is a deficiency of which of the following substances?A) iodineB) chromiumC) phosphorus

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D) manganese

33) Which of the following elements is a major electrolyte?A) ironB) seleniumC) chromiumD) sodium

34) Which of the following elements is a major mineral of bone?A) seleniumB) calciumC) sodiumD) iron

35) Which of the following elements is a major component of hemoglobin?A) seleniumB) calciumC) sodiumD) iron

37) Which of the following conditions is a genetic disorder in which individuals absorb too much dietary iron?A) hypokalemiaB) hemochromatosisC) cretinismD) hypertension

38) Which of the following conditions is defined as too little sodium in the blood?A) hypertensionB) hypokalemiaC) hemochromatosisD) hyponatremia

39) Which of the following conditions is defined as too much calcium in the blood?A) hypercalcemiaB) hyponatremiaC) hemochromatosisD) hypokalemia

40) Which of the following conditions is commonly known as high blood pressure?A) hypokalemiaB) hyponatremiaC) hypertensionD) hemochromatosis

42) Sulfur, phosphorus, and magnesium are all considered major minerals.

43) The majority of the sodium in the typical American diet comes from processed foods.

45) Fruits and vegetables are excellent sources of potassium.

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46) Over time, a low-calcium diet may increase your risk of osteoporosis.

57) Smokers absorb less calcium than nonsmokers.

58) Eating meat with vegetables increases the absorption of nonheme iron present in the vegetables.

63) Selenium is a component of selenoproteins, which can function as antioxidants.

70) Although the majority of water intake is through food and beverages, a small amount of water is also generated during metabolism.

71) The movement of water across the cell membrane is called osmosis.

72) The hormone that directs the kidneys to reduce water loss from the body by reducing urine output is antidiuretic hormone hormone.

74) The overconsumption of fluids can cause hyponatremia, which can be fatal.

75) Dehydration can result if too much water and sodium have been lost from the body.

77) The bottling and sale of naturally obtained spring water is under the regulation of the FDA.

80) One advantage of consuming tap water is that it often contains fluoride.

Chapter 9 Alcohol

1) Moderate alcohol consumption is no more than ________ alcoholic drink(s) daily for adult women and up to ________ drink(s) daily for adult men.A) 1; 1B) 2; 3C) 1; 2D) 1; 3

3) Which of the following factors does not affect how quickly the body absorbs and metabolizes alcohol?A) whether you are male or femaleB) the amount of food in your stomachC) the time of day you drinkD) the amount of alcohol you drink

4) Alcohol is metabolized primarily in theA) stomach.B) small intestine.C) liver.D) pancreas.

5) The enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase is located in theA) mouth and throat.B) stomach and liver.C) intestines and colon.D) gallbladder and kidneys.

6) A blood alcohol concentration above ________ will often result in death.

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A) 0.11B) 0.21C) 0.31D) 0.41

7) Which of the following areas of the brain is affected first by alcohol?A) brain stemB) cerebral cortexC) cerebellumD) All of these areas are affected at the same time.

8) Compounds in alcoholic beverages that enhance flavor and appearance but may contribute to hangover symptoms are calledA) resveratrols.B) alcohol-based toxins.C) congeners.D) acetaldehydes.9) Which of the following statements concerning a hangover is correct?A) Drinking more alcohol mixed with orange juice can be an effective remedy for hangover symptoms.B) Time is the only true remedy for hangover symptoms.C) Drinking a mixture of congeners can be an effective remedy for hangover symptoms.D) Consuming a raw egg can be an effective remedy for hangover symptoms.

11) Drinking too much alcohol can interfere with the absorption and/or use ofA) protein.B) zinc.C) fat-soluble vitamins.D) All of the answers are correct.

12) The effects of fatty liver can be reversed byA) consuming more vitamin C in the diet.B) stopping the consumption of alcohol.C) drinking more fluids.D) eating more dairy products.

14) In addition to chronically drinking too much alcohol, which of the following lifestyle behaviors heightens the risk of esophageal cancer?A) smoking cigarettesB) eating a high-fat dietC) inactivityD) obesity

16) Which of the following statements regarding the third stage of alcoholic liver disease is incorrect?A) It is reversible.B) Liver cells die.C) Scar tissue is formed.D) It is also known as cirrhosis.

17) Which of the following substances is released by intestinal bacteria, travels to the liver, and initiates further liver damage?

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A) endotoxinB) free radicalsC) acetaldehydeD) MEOS

18) Which of the following recommendations regarding alcohol use during pregnancy is safe?A) Do not drink at all during pregnancy.B) Drink only moderately during pregnancy.C) An occasional drink is perfectly fine during the third trimester.D) An occasional drink is okay during the first trimester.

19) Binge drinking is the consumption of ________ or more alcoholic drinks by men or ________ or more drinks by women, in a very short time.A) 3; 3B) 4; 3C) 5; 4D) 5; 2

20) Approximately how many college students die every year from binge drinking?A) 800B) 700C) 1,300D) 1,825

21) For adults in the United States, the legal limit for driving is a blood alcohol content ofA) 0.04.B) 0.08.C) 0.10.D) 0.20.

22) Which of the following conditions is a symptom of alcohol use disorder?A) craving alcoholB) an inability to limit alcohol intakeC) withdrawal symptomsD) All of the answers are correct.

23) The people who gain health benefits from moderate alcohol consumption areA) women age 21 and older and men age 18 and older.B) women age 35 and older and men age 25 and older.C) women age 55 and older and men age 45 and older.D) women and men of all ages.

24) Which of the following substances, when consumed during and after alcohol consumption, has been shown to cause liver damage in some cases?A) caffeineB) endotoxinC) acetaminophenD) ibuprofen

25) Which of the following statements about alcohol is incorrect?A) It promotes a good night's sleep.B) It can damage heart tissue and increase the risk of hypertension.

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C) It can increase estrogen levels in women.D) It is associated with sexual dysfunction in males and females.

26) Which of the following statements indicates what will occur if you consistently add extra calories from alcoholic beverages to a diet that is already meeting your daily caloric needs?A) You will lose weight because alcohol raises your metabolism.B) You will remain at the same weight because the calories in alcohol are negligible.C) You will gain weight because the extra calories are converted to fat.D) It depends on whether the alcohol beverages consumed are wine or beer.

27) Which of the following body systems in the fetus is seriously damaged when a pregnant woman drinks alcohol?A) respiratoryB) nervousC) gastrointestinalD) reproductive

28) Which of the following statements about binge drinking is incorrect?A) It can cause blackouts.B) It can increase the chance that unprotected sex will occur.C) It is a normal part of the college experience.D) It can be associated with heart attacks.

30) The chemical category called "alcohol" includes which of the following substances?A) isopropanolB) ethanolC) methanolD) All of the answers are correct.

31) Which of the following conditions has occurred when the body's BAC levels rise to extreme levels and breathing and heart rate are interrupted?A) FASB) alcoholismC) alcohol toleranceD) alcohol poisoning

32) Which of the following conditions can occur when a child is exposed to alcohol prenatally?A) FASDsB) alcohol use disorderC) alcohol poisoningD) alcohol tolerance

34) Which of the following terms describes a person who continues to drink even though it causes that person social, legal, and/or health problems?A) FASDsB) alcohol use disorderC) alcohol toleranceD) alcohol intolerance

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35) Which of the following conditions occurs when chronic drinking causes the body to become less sensitive to alcohol?A) FASDsB) alcohol use disorderC) alcohol toleranceD) alcohol poisoning

36) Which of the following substances are compounds in alcohol that may contribute to hangover symptoms?A) alcohol dehydrogenasesB) fermentersC) congenersD) acetaldehydes

37) In which of the following processes does yeast convert sugars in fruit into ethanol?A) distillationB) fermentationC) congenationD) metabolization

38) Which of the following processes describes the collection and condensation of a vapor produced by heating an alcohol-containing liquid?A) fermentationB) oxidationC) accumulationD) distillation

39) Which of the following compounds is an alcohol-metabolizing enzyme found in the stomach and liver?A) aspartate transaminaseB) acetaldehydeC) alcohol dehydrogenaseD) aspartate aminotransferase

41) The majority of ingested alcohol is absorbed in theA) stomach.B) small intestine.C) liver.D) large intestine.

42) Wine has more health benefits than beer or distilled spirits.

45) A research study of more than 700 college students found that more than half of them had blacked out at least once in their lives.

48) Women have more alcohol dehydrogenase in their stomachs than do men.

49) A healthy liver can metabolize about one alcoholic drink in about 1 1/2 to 2 hours.

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51) Among the effects of alcohol on the body are infertility in women and impotence in men.

55) Wine is made by a process known as fermentation.

58) Routinely drinking too much alcohol can interfere with the absorption and/or use of protein, zinc, magnesium, certain B vitamins, and the fat-soluble vitamins.

59) AUD is characterized by continued alcohol consumption even though consumption has caused social, psychological, and/or physical health problems.

60) The earlier in life a person starts drinking, the higher the chances that alcohol will become a problem later in life.

61) In general, time is the only true remedy for hangover symptoms.

62) In addition to the alcohol dehydrogenase system, the liver must employ MEOS when chronically elevated alcohol levels are present there.

68) Alcohol contains 7 calories per gram.

69) Advertising for alcoholic beverages is associated with increased alcohol consumption among adolescents.

71) Ethanol is produced when yeast ferment the natural sugars in grains and fruits.

72) Liquors, such as rum and scotch, are made through a process known as distillation.

75) The alcohol-metabolizing enzyme found in the stomach and liver is alcohol dehydrogenase.

76) Your sex, your body type, the amount of food in your stomach, and the quantity of alcohol you consume affect the rate of alcohol absorption and metabolism in your body.

77) One study showed that an alcoholic drink consumed after a meal is absorbed about three times more slowly than alcohol consumed on an empty stomach.

78) Alcohol poisoning occurs when the BAC rises to such an extreme level that breathing and heart rate are interrupted.

79) In most states in the United States, it is illegal for adults to drive with a BAC of 0.05.

80) As the brain becomes less sensitive to alcohol, more is needed to get the same intoxicating effect. This phenomenon is called alcohol tolerance

81) Moderate alcohol consumption can increase levels of the "good" cholesterol, LDL.

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BIG Picture Chapters 1 through 9

LO 1.1

1. Megan picks up a sandwich at the campus food truck after class every afternoon before dashing off to her part-time job. Which of the following most likely influences Megan’s food choices in this situation?

A. her ethnic backgroundB. her busy scheduleC. her emotionsD. her limited budget

LO 1.1

2. Nutrition is

A. the study of genes and their function in the body.B. the study of how the body functions.C. the scientific study of how compounds in foods affect body functions.D. the study of hormones and how they function in the body.

LO 1.2

3. The energy in foods is measured in carbohydrates.

A. trueB. falseC. LO 1.2

4. A cookie with 13 grams of carbohydrates, 4 grams of fat, and 1 gram of protein contains

A. 54 calories.B. 65 calories.C. 70 calories.D. 92 calories.

LO 1.3

5. The majority of your daily calories should come from

A. fats.B. minerals.C. vitamins.D. carbohydrates.

LO 1.3

6. Which nutrients may help enzymes function in your body?

A. carbohydratesB. vitaminsC. fatD. protein

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LO 1.4

7. Everyone needs to take vitamin and mineral supplements to be healthy.

A. trueB. false

LO 1.5

8. Over percent of American adults are overweight.

A. 35B. 45C. 55D. 65

LO 1.6

9. The first step in the scientific method is to

A. make observations and ask questions.B. form a hypothesis.C. do an experiment.D. develop a theory.

LO 1.6

10. Which of the following individuals would be the best to approach for nutritional counseling?

A. a health food store employeeB. your personal trainer at the gymC. a licensed dietitian nutritionistD. your roommate, who runs for the campus track team

LO 2.1

1. Healthy eating involves the following three principles:

A. balance, portion control, and variety.B. variety, moderation, and portion control.C. balance, moderation, and variety.D. better nutrition, portion control, and moderation.

LO 2.2

2. The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are reference values for nutrients and are designed to

A. only prevent nutritional deficiency.B. provide a ballpark range of your nutrient needs.C. prevent nutritional deficiencies by meeting your nutrient needs as well as prevent the

consumption of excessive and dangerous amounts of nutrients.D. outline the health benefits of specific nutrients.

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LO 2.2

3. The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is

A. the estimated amount of a nutrient that you should consume daily to be healthy.B. the amount of a nutrient that meets the average needs of 50 percent of individuals in a specific

age and gender group.C. the amount of a nutrient that meets the average needs of 100 percent of individuals in a specific

age and gender group.D. the maximum safe amount of a nutrient that you should consume daily.

LO 2.3

4. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that you

A. maintain calorie balance over time and sustain a healthy weight.B. stop smoking and walk daily.C. sleep eight hours a night and jog every other day.D. consume adequate nutrients within your calorie needs and stop smoking.

LO 2.3

5. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans is updated every

A. 2 years.B. 3 years.C. 4 years.D. 5 years.

LO 2.4

6. A three-ounce serving of cooked chicken is approximately the size of

A. a 5-year-old’s palm.B. your adult brother’s palm.C. your adult sister’s palm.D. your great-uncle’s palm.

LO 2.4

7. Which of the following foods is most nutrient dense?

A. an orange ice popB. an orangeC. orange-flavored punchD. orange sherbet

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LO 2.5

8. By law, which of the following MUST be listed on the food label?

A. calories, fat, and magnesiumB. fat, saturated fat, and vitamin EC. calories, fat, and saturated fatD. calories, sodium, and vitamin B12

LO 2.5

9. The yogurt that you enjoy as a morning snack has a label stating that a serving provides 30 percent of the Daily Value for calcium. A serving of this yogurt is considered

A. low in calcium.B. high in calcium.C. an insignificant source of calcium.D. a good source of both calcium and vitamin D.

LO 2.6

10. Oatmeal is a functional food. It contains a soluble fiber that can help lower your

A. blood pressure.B. red blood cells.C. pulse.D. blood cholesterol.

LO 3.1

1. Food is moved through the GI tract by muscular waves called

A. segmentation.B. peristalsis.C. bowel movement.D. pendular movement.

LO 3.2

2. is the process that breaks down food into absorbable units.

A. CirculationB. DigestionC. AbsorptionD. Excretion

LO 3.2

3. Chemical digestion begins in the

A. liver.B. stomach.C. mouth.D. colon.

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LO 3.2

4. The name of the protective tissue that covers the trachea when you swallow is the

A. esophagus.B. tongue.C. pharynx.D. epiglottis.

LO 3.2

5. What causes heartburn?

A. improper relaxation of the gastroesophageal sphincterB. improper contraction of the gastroesophageal sphincterC. improper and rapid swallowingD. improper breathing and chest congestion

LO 3.2

6. The name of the secretion produced in the stomach that helps break down protein and activates pepsin is

A. hydrochloric acid (HCl).B. amylase.C. bile.D. gastrin.

LO 3.2

7. The sphincter that separates the stomach from the duodenum is the

A. gastroesophageal sphincter.B. ileocecal sphincter.C. pyloric sphincter.D. colon sphincter.

LO 3.3

8. The compounds that directly help break down foods during digestion are

A. enzymes.B. hormones.C. proteins.D. bicarbonate ions.

LO 3.7

9. A peptic ulcer is a sore, or erosion, in the stomach or intestinal lining caused most often by

A. a diet too high in fiber.B. the Helicobacter pylori bacterium.C. acid reflux.D. hydrochloric acid.

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LO 3.7

10. Celiac disease is an autoimmune malabsorption disorder that causes a person’s own immune system to damage the small intestine when , a protein in wheat, rye, and barley, is consumed.

A. glucoseB. fiberC. glutenD. sodium

LO 4.1

1. is the storage form of glucose in your body.

A. GlucagonB. GlycogenC. GluconeogenesisD. Glucose

LO 4.1

2. Sucrose is a

A. monosaccharide.B. disaccharide.C. polysaccharide.D. starch.

LO 4.2

3. Which of the following can help someone who’s lactose intolerant to enjoy dairy products?

A. drinking Lactaid milkB. drinking milk on an empty stomachC. eating a large bowl of ice cream before going to bedD. having a milkshake for an afternoon snack

LO 4.3

4. The hormone that directs the breakdown of glycogen is

A. galactose.B. glucagon.C. insulin.D. Epinephrine

LO 4.4

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5. The minimum amount of carbohydrates needed daily is

A. 75 grams.B. 100 grams.C. 120 grams.D. 130 grams.

LO 4.4

6. Which of the following nutrients are added to enriched grains?

A. folic acid, thiamin, B12, niacin, and calciumB. folic acid, thiamin, riboflavin, B12, and ironC. fiber, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and ironD. folic acid, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and iron

LO 4.5

7. Reducing consumption of which item would have the biggest impact on decreasing the amount of added sugars that Americans consume?

A. watermelonB. candyC. sugar-sweetened beveragesD. desserts

LO 4.6

8. Which of the following can help reduce your risk of type 2 diabetes?

A. playing computer gamesB. eating a high-fiber, plant-based diet lower in added sugarsC. watching TVD. eating a high-calorie, high-fat diet

LO 4.7

9. Which sugar substitute is made of two amino acids?

A. saccharinB. monk fruitC. aspartameD. sucralose

LO 4.8

10. Your blood cholesterol level is too high, so you would like to eat additional viscous, soluble high-fiber foods to help lower it. A good choice would be

A. low-fat milk.B. chocolate chip cookies.C. orange juice.D. oatmeal.

LO 5.1

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1. The primary lipid in your body is

A. cholesterol.B. lecithin.C. triglycerides.D. chylomicrons.

LO 5.2

2. help(s) to emulsify fat in your gastrointestinal tract.

A. MicellesB. Lingual lipaseC. Gastric lipaseD. Bile

LO 5.3

3. Fat in foods is a source of

A. flavor.B. carbohydrates.C. minerals.D. fiber.

LO 5.3

4. The type of lipoprotein that carries absorbed fat and other lipids through your lymph system is called

A. VLDL.B. LDL.C. bile acid.D. a chylomicron.

LO 5.4

5. You should keep your dietary fat intake between

A. 8 and 10 percent of your daily calories.B. 20 and 35 percent of your daily calories.C. 35 and 40 percent of your daily calories.D. 300 milligrams and 500 milligrams daily.

LO 5.5

6. Donald has heart disease. To obtain heart-healthy omega-3 fatty acids, he should eat

A. a tuna fish sandwich at lunch and a Burger King fish sandwich for dinner.B. shrimp for lunch and salmon for dinner.C. fish and chips for lunch and flounder at dinner.D. fried fish sticks at lunch and steamed lobster for dinner.

LO 5.6

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7. Fat substitutes are fats that have been modified either to provide the physical attributes of fat for fewer calories or to

A. interfere with the absorption of fat.B. help the body burn more fat.C. increase the body’s absorption of fat.D. affect the taste of dietary fat.

LO 5.7

8. The major dietary component that raises your LDL cholesterol is

A. viscous, soluble fiber.B. green teaC. saturated fat.D. plant sterols.

LO 5.8

9. Which of the following are good sources of the essential fatty acids linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid?

A. bananasB. walnutsC. oatmealD. chocolate

LO 5.8

10. Trans fats are unhealthy for your heart because they

A. lower LDL cholesterol levels.B. raise HDL and LDL cholesterol levels.C. raise LDL cholesterol and lower HDL cholesterol levels.D. have no effect on LDL cholesterol.

LO 6.1

1. A protein’s shape, and therefore its function in your body, is determined by the interactions of with each other and their environment.

A. the amino acids in the proteinB. the water molecules in the proteinC. the carbons in proteinD. the peptide bonds in the protein

LO 6.1

2. There are essential amino acids that cannot be made by the body.

A. 7B. 9C. 10D. 11

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LO 6.1

3. Which of the following will NOT denature a protein?

A. grilling a chicken breastB. frying an eggC. marinating a steak in red wineD. refrigerating milk

LO 6.2

4. Limited amounts of surplus amino acids are stored in your body in your

A. muscles.B. fat stores.C. amino acid pools.D. stomach.

LO 6.3

5. Protein plays many important roles in your body. Which role does it NOT play in your body?

A. helping you fight the fluB. allowing you to walk, run, sit, and lie downC. helping you absorb fat-soluble vitamins in the dietD. transporting fat and cholesterol through your blood

LO 6.4

6. Brendan is a 20-year-old male. How much protein does he need daily?

A. 0.70 gram per kilogram body weight.B. 0.80 gram per kilogram body weight.C. 0.85 gram per kilogram body weight.D. 1.0 gram per kilogram body weight.

LO 6.5

7. Protein is found abundantly in the

A. dairy group and the fat group.B. protein group and the fruit group.C. fruit group and the dairy group.D. dairy group and the protein group.

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LO 6.5

LO 7.1

1. Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?

A. vitamin AB. vitamin EC. niacinD. vitamin K

LO 7.3

2. The most usable form of vitamin A in your body is

A. retinol.B. retinal.C. retinoic acid.D. retinoids.

LO 7.4

3. You are enjoying a salad bar lunch (good choice!). You want to top your greens with vitamin E–rich foods. You could choose

A. olive oil.B. pickles.C. tomatoes.D. vinegar.

LO 7.5

4. Which of the following vitamins is needed in order for your blood to clot?

A. vitamin DB. vitamin KC. beta-caroteneD. vitamin A

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LO 7.6

5. Vitamin D is

A. a carbohydrate.B. made in your body with the help of sunscreen.C. found in fortified milk.D. water soluble.

LO 7.8

6. A deficiency of thiamin can cause

A. rickets.B. beriberi.C. scurvy.D. osteomalacia.

LO 7.12

7. Folic acid can help reduce the risk of

A. acne.B. neural tube defects.C. night blindness.D. pellagra.

LO 7.13

8. Adam Craig is 55 years old. Which of the following might his body have difficulty absorbing?

A. the vitamin B12 in a piece of steakB. the vitamin B6 in liverC. the folate in spinachD. the riboflavin in milk

LO 7.14

9. You are enjoying a breakfast of raisin bran cereal in skim milk accompanied by a glass of orange juice. The vitamin C in the orange juice will enhance the absorption of

A. the calcium in the milk.B. the vitamin D in fortified milk.C. the iron in the cereal.D. the fiber in the cereal.

LO 7.17

10. Which of the following statements is NOT correct? The USP seal on the vitamin label means that the dietary supplement has been tested and shown to

A. contain the amount of the substance that is stated on the label.B. be of good quality.C. be free of any contaminants.

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D. meet your daily needs of that vitamin

LO 8.1

1. The most abundant substance in your body is

A. magnesium.B. iron.C. sodium.D. water.

LO 8.3

2. Bottled water is regulated by the FDA.

A. trueB. false

LO 8.4

3. In your body, minerals cannot

A. help maintain fluid balance.B. be part of enzymes.C. work with your immune system.D. help absorb vitamin C.

LO 8.5

4. The daily recommendation for dietary sodium intake for adults up to age 51 is

A. 3,400 milligrams.B. 2,300 milligrams.C. 1,500 milligrams.D. 180 milligrams.

LO 8.6

1. 5. Which are NOT good sources of potassium?

A. fruits and vegetablesB. healthy unsaturated oilsC. dairy and proteinD. vegetables and grains

LO 8.7

1. 6. One cup of skim milk, 8 ounces of low-fat yogurt, and 1½ ounces of reduced-fat Cheddar cheese each provide

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A. 100 milligrams of calcium.B. 200 milligrams of calcium.C. 300 milligrams of calcium.D. 400 milligrams of calcium.

LO 8.12

7. You are having pasta for dinner. You want to enhance your absorption of the nonheme iron in the pasta. To do that, you could top your spaghetti with

A. butter.B. olive oil.C. tomato sauce.D. nothing; eat it plain.

LO 8.15

8. Which of the following is NOT a function of selenium?

A. It helps regulate thyroid hormones in your body.B. It may help fight against certain cancers.C. It functions as an antioxidant.D. It is needed to prevent anemia.

LO 8.16

9. Fluoride will help strengthen and repair the enamel on your teeth. What other mineral strengthens your teeth?

A. chlorideB. phosphorusC. sulfurD. zinc

LO 8.17

10. Chromium increases the effectiveness of

A. thyroid hormones.B. the hormone insulin.C. antidiuretic hormone (ADH).D. hemoglobin.

LO 9.1

1. Alcohol provides

A. 9 calories per gram.B. 7 calories per gram.C. 4 calories per gram.D. 0 calories per gram.

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LO 9.2

2. Which of the following is NOT considered a standard drink?

A. a 12-ounce can of beerB. a 7-ounce glass of red wineC. a shot (1.5 ounces) of liquorD. a 5-ounce glass of white wine

LO 9.3

3. The major site of alcohol metabolism in your body is your

A. kidneys.B. lungs.C. liver.D. stomach.

LO 9.3

4. Which of the following factors affect(s) your rate of absorption and the metabolism of alcohol?

A. whether you’re male or femaleB. the place where you are drinkingC. the time of day you drinkD. the individuals you are drinking with

LO 9.3

5. Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is the

A. minimum amount of alcohol needed in your blood daily.B. amount of alcohol in your blood, measured in grams of alcohol per deciliter of blood.C. number of drinks you consumed in an hour.D. grams of alcohol per liter of beverage.

LO 9.4

6. The best cure for a hangover is

A. chicken soup.B. a light beer.C. time and abstinence.D. taking acetaminophen (Tylenol).

LO 9.4

7. The first stage in alcoholic liver disease is

A. malnutrition.B. a fatty liver.C. cirrhosis.D. alcoholic hepatitis.

LO 9.5

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8. AUD refers to

A. addiction use disorder.B. alcohol use disorder.C. allowing unsupervised drinking.D. alcohol use deprivation.

LO 9.5

9. Drinking 4 to 5 alcoholic beverages on one occasion in a very short time is called

A. alcohol tolerance.B. drunk driving.C. blackout.D. binge drinking.

LO 9.5

10. Of the following list, who shouldn’t drink alcohol?

A. your pregnant auntB. your high school–aged brotherC. your father while he is riding the lawn mowerD. all of the above

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