1.07 ppoint lecture

7/26/2019 1.07 PPoint Lecture

1/45

Chapter 7Scale and Proportion

PART 1

FUNDAMENTALS

Copyright 2011 Thames & Hudson


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Chapter 7 Scale and Proportion

PART 1

FUNDAMENTALS

Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Debra J DeWitte, Raph ! "armann, ! #athryn $hieds Copyright 2011 Thames & Hudson

IntroductionIntroduction

We perceie !cale in relation to our o"n !i#eArt o$%ect! created on a &onu&ental !cale appear lar'er than the(

"ould $e in nor&al li)e

Art o$%ect! created on a hu&an !cale corre!pond to the !i#e o)

thin'! a! the( actuall( e*i!tS&all+!cale o$%ect! appear !&aller than our u!ual e*perience o)

the& in the real "orld

U!uall(, an arti!t en!ure! that all the part! o) an o$%ect are

in proportion to one another

-ut di!cordant proportion! can e*pre!! !peci)ic &eanin'!


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ScaleScale

Arti!t and de!i'ner! &a.e con!ciou! choice! a$out the

!cale o) their "or. "hen the( con!ider the &e!!a'e the(

"ant to put acro!!A !&all+!cale "or. i&plie! inti&ac(

Lar'e+!cale "or.! can $e e*perienced $( 'roup! o) ie"er!

and u!uall( co&&unicate $i' idea! directed at a lar'e

audience

Practical con!ideration! can a))ect an arti!t/! deci!ion

a$out !cale tooCo!t, ti&e it "ill ta.e to e*ecute the piece, and de&and! that

a !peci)ic location &a( place on the "or. are all )actor!


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Scale and Meanin'Scale and Meanin'

U!uall( a &onu&ental !cale indicate! heroi!& or other

epic irtue!

War &onu&ent!, )or e*a&ple, o)ten )eature )i'ure! &uch

lar'er than li)e+!i#e in order to cone( the $raer( o) the

"arrior!


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Interactive Exercises:



Scale and Meanin'Scale and Meanin'

Clic. to !tart the Interactie E*erci!e!


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1.126 Caes %denburg andCoose 'an (ruggen, Mistos(Match Cover),1))2* $tee,auminum, +iberrein+or-edpasti-, painted .ithpoyurethane ename, / 33 43 45* Coe-tion "a

6a dHebron, (ar-eona,$pain


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Clae! 0lden$ur' and Coo!%e an -ru''en,Clae! 0lden$ur' and Coo!%e an -ru''en,Mistos (Match Cover)Mistos (Match Cover)

U!e! &onu&ental !cale to po.e )un "hile e*pre!!in'

ad&iration )or the little thin'! o) eer(da( li)e

0lden$ur' tran!)or&! the e!!ence o) eer(da( thin'! a! he

&a'ni)ie! their !culptural )or& 0lden$ur' $eliee! that the ite&! o) &a!! culture, no

&atter ho" in!i'ni)icant the( &i'ht !ee&, e*pre!! a truth

a$out &odern li)e


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1.127 Robert "ostutter, The Hummingbirds, 1)1* Water-oor on paper, 1 8 895* Coe-tion o+ :nne and Warren Weisberg


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Ro$ert Lo!tutter,Ro$ert Lo!tutter,

The HummingbirdsThe Hummingbirds Lo!tutter u!e! !&all !cale to enhance the character o) hi!

"or.

e li.e! to create hi! "or.! on the !cale not o) a hu&an

$ut o) a $ird The tin( !cale o) the "or.2onl( one per!on at a ti&e can

!ee it properl(2)orce! u! to co&e clo!er

3ie"in' it $eco&e! an inti&ate e*perience


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ierarchical Scaleierarchical Scale

ierarchical !cale re)er! to the deli$erate u!e o) relatie

!i#e in a "or. o) art, in order to co&&unicate di))erence!

in i&portance

Al&o!t al"a(!, lar'er &ean! &ore i&portant, and !&aller

&ean! le!! i&portant


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ierarchical Scaleierarchical Scale




1.128 Reie+ +rom the northern .a o+ the hypostye ha at the great tempe o+ :mun, 1) thDynasty, c* 12)8;11/ (C



Hierar-hi-a s-ae

A

B

C

Ch t 7 S l d P ti


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ierarchical !cale4 Relie) )ro& theierarchical !cale4 Relie) )ro& thenorthern "all o) the h(po!t(le hall at thenorthern "all o) the h(po!t(le hall at the

'reat te&ple o) A&un'reat te&ple o) A&un In the art o) ancient E'(pt, the .in', or pharaoh, "a!

u!uall( the lar'e!t )i'ure depicted $ecau!e he had the

hi'he!t !tatu! in the !ocial order

Thi! !cene depict! the &ilitar( ca&pai'n o) Pharoah Seti I5)i'ure A6 a'ain!t the ittite! and Li$(an!



1.129 Jan 'an em?degaerie, $taati-he!useen, (erin, >ermany



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an an E(c.,an an E(c.,

Madonna in a ChurchMadonna in a Church U!e! hierarchical !cale to co&&unicate !piritual

i&portance

In hi! e))ort to 'lori)( the !piritual i&portance o) Mar(

and the Chri!t child, an E(c. !eparate! the& )ro&nor&al hu&an e*i!tence

3an E(c. ha! !caled the& to !(&$oli#e their central

i&portance in the Chri!tian reli'ion



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Di!torted ScaleDi!torted Scale

An arti!t &a( deli$eratel( di!tort !cale to create an

a$nor&al or !upernatural e))ect



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Di!torted ScaleDi!torted Scale




1.13 Dorothea Tanning, Eine Kleine Nachtmusik, 1)43* %i on -an'as, 1/ 19 245* Tate, "ondon



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Dorothea Tannin',Dorothea Tannin',

Eine Kleine NachtmusikEine Kleine Nachtmusik Dorothea Tannin' "a! a Surreali!t arti!t

The !un)lo"er !ee&! hu'e in relation to the interior

architecture and the t"o )e&ale )i'ure! !tandin' on the le)t

-( contradictin' our ordinar( e*perience o) !cale, Tannin'inite! u! into a "orld unli.e the one "e .no"

Eine Kleine Nachtmusik (A Little Night Music)! i!

$orro"ed )ro& a li'hthearted piece o) &u!ic $( the

co&po!er Mo#art, $ut ironicall( Tannin'8! !cene e*hi$it! a!tran'e !en!e o) dread



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ProportionProportion

The relation!hip! $et"een the !i#e! o) di))erent part! o) a

"or. &a.e up it! proportion!

-( controllin' the!e !i#e relation!hip! an arti!t can

enhance the e*pre!!ie and de!criptie characteri!tic! o)

the "or.



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ProportionProportion




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p p

1.131


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p p

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u&an Proportionu&an Proportion

Care)ull( cho!en proportion can &a.e an art o$%ect !ee&

plea!in' to the e(e

Thi! 'oe! )or the hu&an $od(, too

The ancient E'(ptian! u!ed the pal& o) the hand a! a unit

o) &ea!ure&ent

The ancient 9ree.! !ou'ht an ideal o) $eaut( in the

principle o) proportion

The &odel! u!ed $( the 9ree.! )or calculatin' hu&an

proportion "ere later adopted $( arti!t! o) ancient Ro&e,

and then $( Renai!!ance arti!t!



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p p

u&an Proportionu&an Proportion




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1.132:n-ient


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1.133 Figerian G+e artist,Aigure o+ %ni, eary 14th;18th -entury* (rass .ithead, 1 395 high* Fationa!useum, G+e, Figeria



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Ni'erian I)e arti!t,Ni'erian I)e arti!t,

Fi'ure o) 0niFi'ure o) 0ni The 0ni i! the &o!t po"er)ul and i&portant )i'ure in thi!

culture

The head i! lar'e in proportion to the re!t o) the $od(: the

;oru$a $eliee that the head i! the !eat o) a diine po"er Man( A)rican !culpture! e*a''erate the head and )ace a! a

"a( to co&&unicate !tatu!, de!tin(, and a connection to

the !piritual


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1.13! Raphae, The School of thens, 1810;11* Ares-o, 1/ 5 28* $tan@a dea $egnatura, 6ati-an City

Chapter 1 Art in "#o $i%ensions: &ine' S(ape' and t(e Principle o)C t t


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FUNDAMENTALS

Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Debra J DeWitte, Raph ! "armann, ! #athryn $hieds

Contrast


9ate"a( to Art49ate"a( to Art4Raphael,Raphael, The "chool o# AthensThe "chool o# Athens

Scale and Proportion in a Renai!!ance Ma!terpieceScale and Proportion in a Renai!!ance Ma!terpiece

Raphael8! !en!itiit( to proportion re)lect! hi! pur!uit o)

per)ection

e indicated the i&portance o) hi! &a!terpiece $( creatin' it

on a &a'ni)icent !cale e co&po!ed the indiidual )i'ure! !o that the part! o) each

)i'ure are har&oniou! in relation to each other and portra(

an ideali#ed )or&

Dou$le e&pha!i! on the center $rin'! our attention to theoppo!in' 'e!ture! o) t"o )a&ou! 9ree. philo!opher!, Plato

and Ari!totle



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The 9olden SectionThe 9olden Section

The 9olden Section i! a proportional ratio o) 141,

"hich occur! in &an( natural o$%ect!

Real hu&an $odie! do not hae e*actl( the!e proportion!,

$ut "hen the ratio 141 i! applied to &a.in' !tatue!, it

'ie! naturali!tic re!ult!

The proportion! o) Ancient 9ree. !culpture! are o)ten er(

clo!e to the 9olden Section

PART 1Chapter 7 Scale and Proportion


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9olden Section ? Proportion9olden Section ? Proportion




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1.13* The >oden $e-tion

>oden !ean11*/10337***

11*/10337***

1

1*/1

Aibona--i $eIuen-e1, 1, 2, 3, 8, , 13,

Root 8 Re-tange

13

8

3 211

192

1*/1

2*23/

2K8


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1.136 !oseidonLor "eusM, c*4/0;480 (Cree-e


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1.137 Diagram o+proportiona +ormuas usedin the statue

1*/1



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$oseidon$oseidon

A! a 9ree. 'od, Po!eidon had to hae per)ect proportion!

The !culptor applied a conenientl( !i&ple ratio, u!in' the

head a! a !tandard &ea!ure&ent

The $od( i! three head! "ide $( !een head! hi'h


PART 1


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Proportional Ratio!Proportional Ratio!

@9olden Rectan'le! i! a techniBue $a!ed on ne!tin' in!ide

each other a !ucce!!ion o) rectan'le! $a!ed on the 141

proportion! o) the 9olden SectionThe !horter !ide o) the outer rectan'le $eco&e! the lon'er !ide o)

the !&aller rectan'le in!ide it, and !o onThe re!ult i! an ele'ant !piral !hape


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1.138a Henry Nea-h Robinson, #ading $a%, 18* Combination abumen print* >eorge


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1.138+ Nroportiona anaysis o+ Henry Nea-h Robinsons #ading $a%



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enr( Peach Ro$in!on,enr( Peach Ro$in!on,

%ading A&a'%ading A&a'

enr( Peach Ro$in!on "a! a 'reat photo'raphic innoator

Thi! i&a'e !ho"! Ro$in!on8! attention to the coordinated

ratio! in arti!tic co&po!ition

Notice ho" the ri'ht+hand drape diide! the photo'raphinto t"o 9olden Rectan'le!, and ho" the !piral dra"! our

e(e to the d(in' (oun' "o&an


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1.139 G=tinos and #ai=rates, Narthenon, 447;432 (Cree-e



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I.tino! and alli.rate!, ParthenonI.tino! and alli.rate!, Parthenon

-( appl(in' the ideali#ed rule! o) proportion )or the

hu&an $od( to the de!i'n o) the Parthenon, a te&ple o) the

'odde!! Athena, the 9ree.! created a har&oniou! de!i'n

The proportion! corre!pond Buite clo!el( to the 9oldenSection

The ertical and hori#ontal &ea!ure&ent! "or. to'ether to

create proportional har&on(


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1.1! The use o+ the >oden $e-tion in the design o+ the Narthenon

Nediment

Trigyphs


PART 1


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Conclu!ionConclu!ion

When proportion con)or&! to !cale, all the part! o) the

"or. loo. the "a( "e e*pect the& to

Scale and proportion are $a!ic to &o!t "or.!: !i#e choice!

in)luence all the other ele&ent! and principle! in the de!i'n



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This -on-udes the No.erNoint $ide $et +or C(apter 1.7

Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual ArtsB, $e+ra - $eitte' /alp( 0 &ar%ann' 0 at(r,n S(ields

Cop,ri(t 211 "(a%es 4 5dson

1.07 ppoint lecture

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