10.8 Lecture – Influential Leaders in World War II

I. Dictator Leadership A. Mussolini

1. Italy2. Created Fascism3. Appeasement for political power4. Blackshirts5. Corporate State

B. Hitler1. Nazi Party in Germany2. Totalitarian State3. Revolutionary4. Attack on Jews5. Restored Germany by Ignoring Versailles Treaty

C. Stalin1. Russia2. Killed millions of Russians through serfdom3. Created industrial state4. Most brutal and feared5. Collective farms

II. American Leadership A. Franklin D. Roosevelt

1. Born 1882, received quality education with tutors2. Degree at Harvard with law degree from Columbia3. Married distant cousin Anna Eleanor Roosevelt and had 5 children4. Suffered from polio5. Economic depression hurt Hoover and Republican party

a. Roosevelt campaigned “relief, recovery, and reform.”b. Defeat Hoover in 1932 by seven million votes

6. Created AAA (Agriculture Adjustment Administration) to support farm prices, CCC (Civilian Conservation Camps) that employed young men, WPA (Works Project Administration) which provided jobs for laborers, artists, writers, musicians, and authors, and Social Security Act which provided unemployment compensation and a program of old-age and survivors benefits.7. Served more that two terms due to popularity8. Neutrality Acts – aid available to Britain, France, and China9. Lend-Lease Bill 1941 – furnish aid to countries at war with Germany and Italy10. Grand Alliance created; a United Nations working at peace against Axis powers.11. 1945 suffered stroke and died

a. Victory had been achieved right after death

B. Douglas MacArthur1. Born in Little Rock, Arkansas, 18802. Son of a high ranking military figure3. Graduated from West Point Military Academy4. 1st World War commanded 42nd Division on the Western Front

a. Decorated 13 times and seven additional for bravery

5. Throughout military career he was youngest in multiple positions6. Defended Philippines; influence in Pacific fleet7. Helped in WWII going against Japanese specifically the Battles of Coral Sea and Midway where the Japanese lost all four carriers8. Developed island hopping tactics that helped destroy Japan and end WWII9. Ended his carrier not well like by Democratic and Republican party10. Died 1964

C. Eisenhower1. Born in Texas 18902. Third of seven sons3. Attended West Point4. He commanded the Allied Forces landing in North Africa in November 1942, D-Day 1944, and was the Supreme Commander of the troops invading France5. After the war he became President of Columbia University6. 1952 he ran for President7. While in office he:

a. Reduced strains of the Cold Warb. Stopped the Threat of weaponsc. Continued New Deal Programsd. Assured peace in segregation down southe. Desegregation of armed forces

1. “No second class citizen in this country!”

III. British Leadership A. Churchill

1. Born 1874, to a Conservative family (specifically the father)2. Educated at Harrow, then Royal Military College at Sandurst3. Part of Liberal Party and Conservative Party throughout political career.4. Writer, received Nobel Prize in his later life for literature5. Commander in war during WWI and WWII6. Became Prime Minister toward the end of WWII7. Developed strong relationship with Roosevelt and helped Alliance beat Axis powers8. Brilliant orator that inspired the British people9. Helped Soviet Union defeat Germans and take back own territory10. Retired from Politics in 195511. Died 1965

IV. Asian Leadership A. Hirohito

1. Grandson of Emperor Meiji, born 19012. 1st Japanese prince to visit the West3. Became 124th emperor in direct lineage after father’s death4. Approved the attack on Pearl Harbor that led Japan and US into WWII5. After atomic bomb, he announced surrender6. American imposed Japanese constitution that reduced emperor to ceremonial role.7. Influence from MacArthur created democratic institutions, religious freedom, civil liberties, land reform, emancipation of women, and formation of trade unions.8. Died 1989.