1089 book preview

® 2014NATIONALCONSTRUCTIONESTIMATOR

®

Edited by Richard Pray

$72.50

Craftsman Book Company6058 Corte del Cedro, Carlsbad, CA 92011

62nd Edition

Turn your estimate into a bid.

Turn your bid into a contract.

ConstructionContractWriter.com

Includes inside the back cover:Includes inside the back cover:Inside the back cover of this book you'll find a software download certificate. To access the download, follow the instructions printedthere. The download includes the National Estimator, an easy to-useestimating program with all the cost estimates in this book. The software will run on PCs using Windows XP, Vista, 7 or 8 operatingsystems.

Quarterly price updates on the Web are free and automatic allduring 2014. You’ll be prompted when it’s time to collect the nextupdate. A connection to the Web is required.

Download all of Craftsman's most popular costbooks for one low price with the Craftsman Site License. http://CraftsmanSiteLicense.com

SAMPLE

ContentsA complete index begins on page 645

How to Use This Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-5Abbreviations and Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Craft Codes and Crews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-9Residential Division Labor Cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Adjusting Labor Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11Area Modification Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-15Credits and Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16Residential Division . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17-308Adhesives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17Basement doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23Building permit fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28Cabinets, kitchen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29Carpentry, rule of thumb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32Carpentry, assemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33Carpentry, piecework rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37Carpentry, detailed breakdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39Carpentry, finish work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51Carpentry, steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56Ceilings, suspended . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79Concrete work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84Decking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98Demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100Doors, jambs, frames, and trim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105Electrical work, subcontract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127Elevators and lifts, subcontract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133Excavation and backfill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135Fences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142Fire sprinkler systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150Flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152Framing connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159Garage doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165Glass, glazing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .166Gutters and downspouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168Gypsum drywall and accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170Heating and cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173Insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181Insurance and bonding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185Landscaping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187Lighting fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190Log home construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193Lumber and plywood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195Markup (overhead and profit) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210Masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211Mouldings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224Paint removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .235Paints, coatings, and supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236Paneling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244Paving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245Plastering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246Plumbing fixtures and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247Plumbing and heating piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253Roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258Sheet metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269Siding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277Skylights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280Stairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .284Taxes, Payroll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .288Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .290Wallcoverings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .300

Construction Economics Division . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311Industrial & Commercial Division Labor Cost . . . . .312Industrial and Commercial Division . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31301 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313-33502 Existing Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335-34103 Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342-374

Concrete formwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343Reinforcing steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .349Foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .364

04 Masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .374-386Reinforcing and flashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .375Brick and block walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .377

05 Metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .386-392Structural steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .386Steel floor and roof decking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .388

06 Wood and Composites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .392-401Framing carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .392

07 Thermal & Moisture Protection . . . . . . . . . . .401-416Thermal insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .401Roof insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .403Membrane roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .405

08 Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .416-426Metal doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .416

Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42309 Finishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .427-443

Gypsum wallboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .427Ceilings and flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .433

10 Specialties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .444-453Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .446

11 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453-47412 Furnishings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .475-47913 Special Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .480-49214 Conveying Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .492-49521 Fire Suppression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .495-49722 Plumbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .498-540

Pipe and fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .498Hangers and supports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .520Valves, pumps, gauges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .523

23 HVAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .540-546Gas fired heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .540Hydronic & steam heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .541

26 Electrical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .546-593Rigid steel conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .548EMT conduit and wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .551PVC conduit and wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .556Conduit supports & hangers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .559Wire and cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .562Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .587

27 Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .594-59931 Earthwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .599-613

Excavation and backfill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .602Shoring, bulkheads, piles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .609

32 Exterior Improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .614-631Paving and curbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .614Fencing and gates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .622

33 Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .631-644Pressure water pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .633Drain pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .645

Copyright 2013 Craftsman Book Company ISBN 978-1-57218-292-9 1st printing November 2013 for the year 2014

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The 2014 National Construction Estimator lists esti-mated construction costs to general contractors per-forming the work with their own crews, as of mid-2014.Overhead & profit are not included.

This Manual Has Two Parts; the ResidentialConstruction Division begins on page 17. Use the fig-ures in this division when estimating the cost of homesand apartments with a wood, steel or masonry frame.The Industrial and Commercial Division begins onpage 311 and can be used to estimate costs for nearlyall construction not covered by the ResidentialDivision.

The Residential Construction Division is arrangedin alphabetical order by construction trade and type ofmaterial. The Industrial and Commercial Division fol-lows MasterFormatTM 2004. A complete index begins onpage 645.

National Estimator Inside the back cover of thisbook you'll find a software download certificate. Toaccess the download, follow the instructions printedthere. The download includes an easy to-use estimat-ing program with all the cost estimates in this book.The software will run on PCs using Windows XP, Vista,7 or 8 operating systems.

When the National Estimator program has beeninstalled, click Help on the menu bar to see a list of top-ics that will get you up and running. Or go online towww.costbook.com and click the ShowMe tutorial linkto view an interactive tutorial for National Estimator.

Material CostsMaterial Costs for each item are listed in the col-

umn headed “Material.” These are neither retail norwholesale prices. They are estimates of what mostcontractors who buy in moderate volume will pay sup-pliers as of mid-2014. Discounts may be available forpurchases in larger volume.

Quarterly prices updates on the Web are freeand automatic all during 2014. You’ll be promptedwhen it’s time to collect the next update. A connectionto the Web is required.

Add Delivery Expense to the material cost forother than local delivery of reasonably large quantities.Cost of delivery varies with the distance from source ofsupply, method of transportation, and quantity to bedelivered. But most material dealers absorb the deliv-ery cost on local delivery (5 to 15 miles) of larger quan-tities to good customers. Add the expense of job sitedelivery when it is a significant part of the material cost.

Add Sales Tax when sales tax will be charged tothe contractor buying the materials.

Waste and Coverage loss is included in theinstalled material cost. The cost of many materials perunit after installation is greater than the purchase pricefor the same unit because of waste, shrinkage or cov-erage loss during installation. For example, about 120square feet of nominal 1" x 4" square edge boards willbe needed to cover 100 square feet of floor or wall.There is no coverage loss with plywood sheathing, butwaste due to cutting and fitting will average about 6%.

Costs in the “Material” column of this book assumenormal waste and coverage loss. Small and irregular jobsmay require a greater waste allowance. Materials pricedwithout installation (with no labor cost) do not include anallowance for waste and coverage except as noted.

Labor CostsLabor Costs for installing the material or doing the

work described are listed in the column headed“Labor.” The labor cost per unit is the labor cost perhour multiplied by the manhours per unit shown afterthe @ sign in the “Craft@Hours” column. Labor costincludes the basic wage, the employer’s contribution towelfare, pension, vacation and apprentice funds and alltax and insurance charges based on wages. Hourlylabor costs for the various crafts are listed on page 10(for the Residential Division) and page 312 (for theIndustrial and Commercial Division).

Hourly labor costs used in the Industrial andCommercial Division are higher than those used in the

This Book Is an Encyclopedia of 2014 Building Costs

Residential ConstructionDivision begins on page 17

2014 National Construction Estimator

Free 2014 National Estimator

software download containsan electronic version

of this book

Industrial & CommercialDivision begins on page 311

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Residential Division, reflecting the fact that craftsmenon industrial and commercial jobs are often paid morethan craftsmen on residential jobs.

Supervision Expense to the general contractor isnot included in the labor cost. The cost of supervisionand non-productive labor varies widely from job to job.Calculate the cost of supervision and non-productivelabor and add this to the estimate.

Payroll Taxes and Insurance included in the laborcost are itemized in the sections beginning on pages186 and 288.

Manhours per Unit and the Craft performing thework are listed in the “Craft@Hrs” column. Pages 7through 9 explain the “Craft@Hrs” column. To find theunits of work done per man in an 8-hour day, divide 8by the manhours per unit. To find the units done by acrew in an 8-hour day, multiply the units per man per 8-hour day by the number of crew members.

Manhours Include all productive labor normallyassociated with installing the materials described. Thiswill usually include tasks such as:

■ Unloading and storing construction materials, toolsand equipment on site.

■ Moving tools and equipment from a storage area ortruck on site at the beginning of the day.

■ Returning tools and equipment to a storage area ortruck on site at the end of the day.

■ Normal time lost for work breaks.

■ Planning and discussing the work to be performed.

■ Normal handling, measuring, cutting and fitting.

■ Keeping a record of the time spent and work done.

■ Regular cleanup of construction debris.

■ Infrequent correction or repairs required because offaulty installation.

Adjust the Labor Cost to the job you are figuringwhen your actual hourly labor cost is known or can beestimated. The labor costs listed on pages 10 and 312will apply within a few percent on many jobs. But laborcosts may be much higher or much lower on the jobyou are estimating.

If the hourly wage rates listed on page 10 or page312 are not accurate, divide your known or estimatedcost per hour by the listed cost per hour. The result isyour adjustment for any figure in the “Labor” column forthat craft. See page 11 for more information on adjust-ing labor costs.

Adjust for Unusual Labor Productivity. Costs inthe labor column are for normal conditions: experi-enced craftsmen working on reasonably well plannedand managed new construction with fair to good pro-ductivity. Labor estimates assume that materials arestandard grade, appropriate tools are on hand, workdone by other crafts is adequate, layout and installation

are relatively uncomplicated, and working conditionsdon’t slow progress.

Working conditions at the job site have a majoreffect on labor cost. Estimating experience and carefulanalysis can help you predict the effect of mostchanges in working conditions. Obviously, no singleadjustment will apply on all jobs. But the adjustmentsthat follow should help you produce more accuratelabor estimates. More than one condition may apply ona job.

■ Add 10% to 15% when working temperatures arebelow 40 degrees or above 95 degrees.

■ Add 15% to 25% for work on a ladder or a scaffold,in a crawl space, in a congested area or remotefrom the material storage point.

■ Deduct 10% when the work is in a large open areawith excellent access and good light.

■ Add 1% for each 10 feet that materials must be lift-ed above ground level.

■ Add 5% to 50% for tradesmen with below averageskills. Deduct 5% to 25% for highly motivated, high-ly skilled tradesmen.

■ Deduct 10% to 20% when an identical task isrepeated many times for several days at the samesite.

■ Add 30% to 50% on small jobs where fitting andmatching of materials is required, adjacent surfaceshave to be protected and the job site is occupiedduring construction.

■ Add 25% to 50% for work done following a majorflood, fire, earthquake, hurricane or tornado whileskilled tradesmen are not readily available. Materialcosts may also be higher after a major disaster.

■ Add 10% to 35% for demanding specs, rigid inspec-tions, unreliable suppliers, a difficult owner or aninexperienced architect.

Use an Area Modification Factor from pages 12through 15 if your material, hourly labor or equipmentcosts are unknown and can’t be estimated.

Here’s how: Use the labor and material costs in thismanual without modification. Then add or deduct thepercentage shown on pages 12 through 15 to estimat-ed costs to find your local estimated cost.

Equipment CostsEquipment Costs for major equipment (such as

cranes and tractors) are listed in the column headed“Equipment.” Costs for small tools and expendablesupplies (such as saws and tape) are usually consid-ered overhead expense and do not appear in theEquipment cost column.

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Equipment costs are based on rental rates listed inthe section beginning on page 323 and assume thatthe equipment can be used productively for an entire 8-hour day. Add the cost of moving equipment on andoff the site. Allow for unproductive time when equip-ment can’t be used for the full rental period. For exam-ple, the equipment costs per unit of work completed willbe higher when a tractor is used for 4 hours during aday and sits idle for the remaining 4 hours. Generally,an 8-hour day is the minimum rental period for mostheavy equipment. Many sections describe the equip-ment being used, the cost per hour and a suggestedminimum job charge.

Subcontracted WorkSubcontractors do most of the work on construc-

tion projects. That’s because specialty contractors canoften get the work done at competitive cost, even afteradding overhead and profit.

Many sections of this book cover work usuallydone by subcontractors. If you see the word “subcon-tract” in a section description, assume that costs arebased on quotes by subcontractors and include typicalsubcontractor markup (about 30% on labor and 15%on material). Usually no material or labor costs willappear in these sections. The only costs shown will bein the “Total” column and will include all material, laborand equipment expense.

If you don’t see the word “subcontract” in a sectiondescription, assume that costs are based on work doneby a general contractor’s crew. No markup is includedin these costs. If the work is done by a subcontractor,the specialty contractor may be able to perform thework for the cost shown, even after adding overheadand profit.

MarkupThe General Contractor’s Markup is not included

in any costs in this book. On page 210 we suggest a20% markup on the contract price for general contrac-tors handling residential construction. Apply this markupor some figure you select to all costs, including bothsubcontract items and work done by your own crews.

To realize a gross profit of 20% on the contractprice, you’ll have to mark up costs by 25%. See page210 for an example of how markup is calculated.Markup includes overhead and profit and may be themost difficult item to estimate.

Keep In MindLabor and Material Costs Change. Costs were

compiled in the fall of 2013 and projected to mid-2014based on recent price trends. These estimates will beaccurate for some materials and inaccurate for others.No one can predict every change in material prices.

How Accurate Are These Figures? As accurateas possible considering that the estimators who wrotethis book don’t know your subcontractors or materialsuppliers, haven’t seen the plans or specifications,don’t know what building code applies or where the jobis, had to project material costs at least 6 months intothe future, and had no record of how much work thecrew that will be assigned to the job can handle.

You wouldn’t bid a job under those conditions. Andwe don’t claim that all construction is done at these prices.

Estimating Is an Art, not a science. On many jobsthe range between high and low bid will be 20% ormore. There’s room for legitimate disagreement onwhat the correct costs are, even when complete plansand specifications are available, the date and site areestablished, and labor and material costs are identicalfor all bidders.

No cost fits all jobs. Good estimates are custommade for a particular project and a single contractorthrough judgment, analysis and experience.

This book is not a substitute for judgment, analysisand sound estimating practice. It’s an aid in developingan informed opinion of cost. If you’re using this book asyour sole cost authority for contract bids, you’re read-ing more into these pages than the editors intend.

Use These Figures to compile preliminary esti-mates, to check your costs and subcontract bids andwhen no actual costs are available. This book willreduce the chance of error or omission on bid esti-mates, speed “ball park” estimates, and be a goodguide when there’s no time to get a quote.

Where Do We Get These Figures? From thesame sources all professional estimators use: contrac-tors and subcontractors, architectural and engineeringfirms, material suppliers, material price services, analy-sis of plans, specifications, estimates and completedproject costs, and both published and unpublished coststudies. In addition, we conduct nationwide mail andphone surveys and have the use of several majornational estimating databases.

We’ll Answer YourQuestions about any part of thisbook and explain how to applythese costs. Free telephone assis-tance is available from 8 a.m. until5 p.m. California time Mondaythrough Friday except holidays.Phone 760-438-7828 x 2.

We don’t accept collect calls and won’t esti-mate the job for you. But if you need clarificationon something in this manual, we can help.

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Abbreviations

AASHO American Assn. of State Highway Officials

ABS acrylonitrile butadiene styrene

AC alternating current

AISC American Institute of Steel Construction Inc.

APP attactic polypropylene

ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating andAir Conditioning Engineers

ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers

ASTM American Society for Testing Materials

AWPA American Wood Products Association

AWWA American Water Works Association

Ba bay

Bdle bundle

BF board foot

BHP boiler horsepower

Btr better

Btu British thermal unit

B & W black & white

C thermal conductance

C one hundred

CF cubic foot

CFM cubic feet per minute

CLF 100 linear feet

cm centimeter

CPE chlorinated polyethylene

CPM cycles per minute

CPVC chlorinated polyvinyl

chloride

CSPE chloro sulphinated polyethylene

CSF 100 square feet

CSY 100 square yards

CY cubic yard

d penny

D depth

DC direct current

dia diameter

DSB double strength B quality glass

DWV drain, waste, vent piping

Ea each

EMT electric metallic tube

EPDM ethylene propylene diene monomer

equip. equipment

exp. exposure

F Fahrenheit

FAA Federal Aviation Administration

FICA Federal Insurance Contributions Act (Social Security,Medicare tax)

FOB freight on board

FPM feet per minute

FRP fiberglass reinforced plastic

FS Federal Specification

ft-lbs foot pounds

FUTA Federal Unemployment Compensation Act Tax

Gal gallon

GFCI ground fault circuit interruptor

GPH gallon(s) per hour

GPM gallon(s) per minute

H height

HP horsepower

Hr(s) hour(s)

IMC intermediate metal conduit

ID Inside diameter

KD kiln dried or knocked down

KSI kips per square inch

KV kilovolt(s)

KVA 1,000 volt amps

kw kilowatt(s)

kwh kilowatt hour

L length

Lb(s) pound(s)

LF linear foot

LP liquified propane

LS lump sum

M one thousand

Mb million bytes (characters)

MBF 1,000 board feet

MBtu 1,000 British thermal units

MCM 1,000 circular mils

MDO medium density overlaid

MH manhour

Mi mile

MLF 1,000 linear feet

MPH miles per hour

mm millimeter(s)

Mo month

MSF 1,000 square feet

NEMA National Electrical Manufacturer’s Association

NFPA National Fire Protection Association

No. number

NRC noise reduction coefficient

OC spacing from center to center

OD outside diameter

OS & Y outside screw & yoke

oz ounce

perf perforated

Pr pair

PSF pounds per square foot

PSI pounds per square inch

PV photovoltaic

PVC polyvinyl chloride

Qt quart

R thermal resistance

R/L random length(s)

R/W/L random widths and lengths

RPM revolutions per minute

RSC rigid steel conduit

S1S2E surfaced 1 side, 2 edges

S2S surfaced 2 sides

S4S surfaced 4 sides

Sa sack

SBS styrene butyl styrene

SDR size to diameter ratio

SF square foot

SFCA square feet of form in contact with concrete

Sq 100 square feet

SSB single strength B quality glass

STC sound transmission class

Std standard

SY square yard

T thick

T&G tongue & groove edge

TV television

UBC Uniform Building Code

UL Underwriter’s Laboratory

USDA United States Dept. of Agriculture

VLF vertical linear foot

W width

Wk week

W/ with

x by or times

Symbols/ per

— through or to

@ at

% per 100 or percent

$ U.S. dollars

' feet

" inches

# pound or number

SAMPLE

7

Both the Residential Division and Commercial andIndustrial Division of this book include a column titledCraft@Hrs. Letters and numbers in this column showour estimates of:

■ Who will do the work (the craft code)

■ An @ symbol which means at

■ How long the work will take (manhours).

For example, on page 51 you'll find estimates forinstalling BC plywood wall sheathing by the squarefoot. The Craft@Hrs column opposite ½" plywood wallsheathing shows:

[email protected]

That means we estimate the installation rate forcrew B1 at .016 manhours per square foot. That's thesame as 16 manhours per 1,000 square feet.

The table that follows defines each of the craftcodes used in this book. Notice that crew B1 is com-posed of two craftsmen: one laborer and one carpenter.

To install 1,000 square feet of ½" BC wall sheathing at.016 manhours per square foot, that crew would need16 manhours (one 8-hour day for a crew of two).

Notice also in the table below that the cost permanhour for crew B1 is listed as $32.59. That's theaverage for a residential laborer (listed at $29.13 perhour on page 10) and a residential carpenter (listed at$36.05 per hour): $29.13 plus $36.05 is $65.18. Divideby 2 to get $32.59, the average cost per manhour forcrew B1.

In the table below, the cost per manhour is the sumof hourly costs of all crew members divided by thenumber of crew members. That’s the average cost permanhour.

Costs in the Labor column in this book are theinstallation time (in manhours) multiplied by the costper manhour. For example, on page 51 the labor costlisted for ½" BC wall sheathing is $0.52 per square foot.That's the installation time (.016 manhours per squarefoot) multiplied by $32.59, the average cost per man-hour for crew B1.

Craft Codes, Hourly Costsand Crew Compositions

B1 $32.59 1 laborer and 1 carpenter

B2 $33.74 1 laborer, 2 carpenters

B3 $31.44 2 laborers, 1 carpenter

B4 $35.64 1 laborer1 operating engineer1 reinforcing iron worker

B5 $35.40 1 laborer, 1 carpenter1 cement mason1 operating engineer1 reinforcing iron worker

B6 $31.58 1 laborer, 1 cement mason

B7 $29.51 1 laborer, 1 truck driver

B8 $35.03 1 laborer1 operating engineer

B9 $31.96 1 bricklayer1 bricklayer’s helper

BB $36.59 1 bricklayer

BC $36.05 1 carpenter

BE $39.04 1 electrician

BF $32.51 1 floor layer

BG $34.77 1 glazier

BH $27.32 1 bricklayer’s helper

BL $29.13 1 laborer

BR $34.89 1 lather

BS $31.66 1 marble setter

CF $34.02 1 cement mason

CT $33.90 1 mosaic & terrazzo worker

D1 $35.27 1 drywall installer1 drywall taper

DI $34.91 1 drywall installer

DT $35.62 1 drywall taper

HC $28.43 1 plasterer helper

OE $40.93 1 operating engineer

P1 $35.39 1 laborer, 1 plumber

PM $41.65 1 plumber

PP $32.87 1 painter, 1 laborer

PR $36.42 1 plasterer

PT $36.60 1 painter

R1 $34.80 1 roofer, 1 laborer

RI $36.86 1 reinforcing iron worker

RR $40.46 1 roofer

SW $40.50 1 sheet metal worker

T1 $31.55 1 tile layer, 1 laborer

TL $33.96 1 tile layer

TR $29.88 1 truck driver

Residential Division

Craft Cost Per CrewCode Manhour Composition


SAMPLE

8

A1 $48.58 1 asbestos worker1 laborer

AT $41.84 1 air tool operator

AW $57.96 1 asbestos worker

BM $57.95 1 boilermaker

BT $39.81 1 bricklayer tender

C1 $40.08 4 laborers, 1 truck driver

C2 $47.03 1 laborer, 2 truck drivers2 tractor operators

C3 $45.72 1 laborer, 1 truck driver1 tractor operator

C4 $40.67 2 laborers, 1 truck driver

C5 $44.09 2 laborers, 1 truck driver1 tractor operator

C6 $43.11 6 laborers, 2 truck drivers2 tractor operators

C7 $45.46 2 laborers , 3 truck drivers1 crane operator1 tractor operator

C8 $44.85 1 laborer, 1 carpenter

C9 $46.89 1 laborer, 1 crane operator

CB $51.62 1 bricklayer

CC $50.50 1 carpenter

CD $49.64 1 drywall Installer

CE $57.57 1 electrician

CG $52.87 1 glazier

CL $39.19 1 laborer

CM $48.71 1 cement mason

CO $54.58 1 crane operator

CV $54.05 1 elevator constructor

D2 $44.42 1 drywall installer1 laborer

D3 $51.12 1 laborer, 1 iron worker(structural), 1 millwright

D4 $45.26 1 laborer, 1 millwright

D5 $48.57 1 boilermaker, 1 laborer

D6 $52.33 2 millwrights1 tractor operator

D7 $44.86 1 painter, 1 laborer

D9 $47.28 2 millwrights, 1 laborer

E1 $49.57 2 electricians, 2 laborers1 tractor operator

E2 $48.38 2 electricians, 2 laborers

E3 $49.09 2 electricians, 2 laborers2 carpenters

E4 $48.38 1 electrician, 1 laborer

F5 $45.98 3 carpenters, 2 laborers

F6 $46.74 2 carpenters, 2 laborers1 tractor operator

F7 $48.63 2 carpenters, 1 laborer1 tractor operator

F8 $49.69 2 plasterers1 plasterer’s helper

F9 $43.75 1 laborer, 1 floor layer

FL $48.30 1 floor layer

G1 $46.03 1 glazier, 1 laborer

H1 $51.72 1 carpenter, 1 laborer1 iron worker (structural)1 tractor operator

H2 $49.11 1 crane operator1 truck driver

H3 $44.38 1 carpenter, 3 laborers1 crane operator1 truck driver

H4 $59.40 1 crane operator6 iron workers (structural)1 truck driver

H5 $51.72 1 crane operator2 iron workers (structural) 2 laborers

H6 $51.01 1 iron worker (structural)1 laborer

H7 $60.08 1 crane operator2 iron workers (structural)

H8 $58.26 1 crane operator4 iron workers (structural)1 truck driver

H9 $57.64 1 electrician1 sheet metal worker

IW $62.83 1 iron worker (structural)

LA $46.12 1 lather

M1 $45.72 1 bricklayer1 bricklayer’s tender

M2 $42.96 1 carpenter, 2 laborers

M3 $48.11 1 plasterer1 plasterer’s helper

M4 $45.18 1 laborer, 1 marble setter

M5 $49.23 1 pipefitter, 1 laborer,

M6 $52.14 1 asbestos worker1 laborer, 1 pipefitter

M8 $54.25 3 pipefitters, 1 laborer

M9 $58.42 1 electrician, 1 pipefitter

MI $52.58 2 pipefitters, 1 laborer

MS $51.17 marble setter

MT $48.60 mosaic & terrazzo worker

MW $51.33 millwright

Commercial and Industrial Division



SAMPLE

9

P5 $43.11 3 laborers1 tractor operator1 truck driver

P6 $49.73 1 laborer, 1 plumber

P8 $43.95 1 laborer, 1 cement mason

P9 $46.13 1 carpenter, 1 laborer1 cement mason

PA $50.52 1 painter

PD $54.13 1 pile driver

PF $59.27 1 pipefitter

PH $43.37 1 plasterer’s helper

PL $60.27 1 plumber

PS $52.85 1 plasterer

R3 $44.64 2 roofers, 1 laborer

RB $60.44 1 reinforcing iron worker

RF $47.37 1 roofer

S1 $46.77 1 laborer1 tractor operator

S3 $48.99 1 truck driver1 tractor operator

S4 $39.19 3 laborers

S5 $42.02 5 laborers1 crane operator1 truck driver

S6 $44.24 2 laborers1 tractor operator

S7 $46.77 3 laborers3 tractor operators

S8 $48.46 2 pile drivers, 2 laborers1 truck driver1 crane operator1 tractor operator

S9 $46.10 1 pile driver, 2 laborers1 tractor operator1 truck driver

SM $57.70 1 sheet metal worker

SP $61.50 1 sprinkler fitter

SS $49.29 1 laborer2 tractor operators

T2 $50.53 3 laborers, 3 carpenters3 iron workers (structural)1 crane operator1 truck driver

T3 $49.82 1 laborer1 reinforcing iron worker

T4 $43.90 1 laborer, 1 mosaic worker

T5 $48.45 1 sheet metal worker1 laborer

T6 $51.53 2 sheet metal workers1 laborer

TD $43.64 1 truck driver

TO $54.34 1 tractor operator

U1 $48.25 1 plumber, 2 laborers1 tractor operator

U2 $46.22 1 plumber, 2 laborers

Commercial and Industrial Division



SAMPLE

10

Hourly Labor CostThe labor costs shown in Column 6 were used to

compute the manhour costs for crews on page 7 andthe figures in the “Labor” column of the ResidentialDivision of this manual. Figures in the “Labor” columnof the Industrial and Commercial Division of this bookwere computed using the hourly costs shown on page312. All labor costs are in U.S. dollars per manhour.

It’s important that you understand what’s includedin the figures in each of the six columns above. Here’san explanation:

Column 1, the base wage per hour, is the crafts-man’s hourly wage. These figures are representative of

what many contractors will be paying craftsmen work-ing on residential construction in 2014.

Column 2, taxable fringe benefits, includes vaca-tion pay, sick leave and other taxable benefits. Thesefringe benefits average 5.15% of the base wage formany construction contractors. This benefit is in addi-tion to the base wage.

Column 3, insurance and employer taxes in per-cent, shows the insurance and tax rate for constructiontrades. The cost of insurance in this column includesworkers’ compensation and contractor’s casualty andliability coverage. Insurance rates vary widely fromstate to state and depend on a contractor’s loss expe-rience. Typical rates are shown in the Insurance sec-

Residential Division1 2 3 4 5 6

CraftBase wage per

hour

Taxable fringebenefits

(@5.15% ofbase wage)

Insurance and employer

taxes (%)

Insurance and employer

taxes ($)

Non-taxablefringe benefits

(@4.55% ofbase wage)

Total hourlycost used in

this book

Bricklayer $26.84 $1.38 25.34% $7.15 $1.22 $36.59

Bricklayer’s Helper 20.04 1.03 25.34 5.34 0.91 27.32

Building Laborer 20.21 1.04 32.73 6.96 0.92 29.13

Carpenter 25.21 1.30 31.63 8.39 1.15 36.05

Cement Mason 25.38 1.31 23.15 6.18 1.15 34.02

Drywall installer 25.96 1.34 23.57 6.43 1.18 34.91

Drywall Taper 26.49 1.36 23.57 6.56 1.21 35.62

Electrician 29.90 1.54 19.84 6.24 1.36 39.04

Floor Layer 24.13 1.24 23.82 6.04 1.10 32.51

Glazier 25.41 1.31 25.78 6.89 1.16 34.77

Lather 26.42 1.36 21.28 5.91 1.20 34.87

Marble Setter 23.96 1.23 21.36 5.38 1.09 31.66

Millwright 25.64 1.32 21.24 5.73 1.17 33.86

Mosiac & Terrazzo Worker 25.65 1.32 21.36 5.76 1.17 33.90

Operating Engineer 30.04 1.55 25.22 7.97 1.37 40.93

Painter 26.93 1.39 24.88 7.05 1.23 36.60

Plasterer 26.06 1.34 28.58 7.83 1.19 36.42

Plasterer Helper 20.34 1.05 28.58 6.11 0.93 28.43

Plumber 30.80 1.59 24.27 7.86 1.40 41.65

Reinforcing Ironworker 24.37 1.36 28.61 7.93 1.20 36.86

Roofer 25.92 1.33 44.14 12.03 1.18 40.46

Sheet Metal Worker 29.56 1.52 26.01 8.08 1.34 40.50

Sprinkler Fitter

Tile Layer

30.25

25.70

1.56

1.32

25.08

21.36

7.98

5.77

1.38

1.17

41.17

33.96

Truck Driver 21.77 1.12 26.22 6.00 .99 29.88

SAMPLE

11

tion of this manual beginning on page 186. Taxes areitemized in the section on page 288. Note that taxesand insurance increase the hourly labor cost by 30 to35% for most trades. There is no legal way to avoidthese costs.

Column 4, insurance and employer taxes in dol-lars, shows the hourly cost of taxes and insurance foreach construction trade. Insurance and taxes are paidon the costs in both columns 1 and 2.

Column 5, non-taxable fringe benefits, includesemployer paid non-taxable benefits such as medicalcoverage and tax-deferred pension and profit sharingplans. These fringe benefits average 4.55% of the basewage for many construction contractors. The employerpays no taxes or insurance on these benefits.

Column 6, the total hourly cost in dollars, is thesum of columns 1, 2, 4, and 5.

These hourly labor costs will apply within a fewpercent on many jobs. But wage rates may be muchhigher or lower in some areas. If the hourly costsshown in column 6 are not accurate for your work,develop modification factors that you can apply to thelabor costs in this book. The following paragraphsexplain the procedure.

Adjusting Labor CostsHere’s how to customize the labor costs in this

book if your wage rates are different from the wagerates shown on page 10 or 312.

Start with the taxable benefits you offer. Assumecraftsmen on your payroll get one week of vacationeach year and one week of sick leave each year.Convert these benefits into hours. Your computationmight look like this:

40 vacation hours+ 40 sick leave hours

80 taxable leave hours

Then add the regular work hours for the year:

2,000 regular hours+ 80 taxable benefit hours

2,080 total hours

Multiply these hours by the base wage per hour. Ifyou pay carpenters $10.00 per hour, the calculationwould be:

2,080 hoursx $10.00 per hour

$20,800 per year

Next determine the tax and insurance rate for eachtrade. If you know the rates that apply to your jobs, usethose rates. If not, use the rates in column 3 on page

10. Continuing with our example, we’ll use 31.63%, the

rate for carpenters in column 3 on page 10. To increase

the annual taxable wage by 31.63%, we’ll multiply by

1.3163:

$20,800 per year

x 1.3163 tax & insurance rate

$27,379 annual cost

Then add the cost of non-taxable benefits.

Suppose your company has no pension or profit shar-

ing plan but does provide medical insurance for

employees. Assume that the cost for your carpenter is

$343.67 per month or $4,124 per year.

$4,124 medical plan

+ 27,379 annual cost

$31,503 total annual cost

Divide this total annual cost by the actual hours

worked in a year. This gives the contractor’s total

hourly labor cost including all benefits, taxes and insur-

ance. Assume your carpenter will work 2,000 hours a

year:

$31,503

2,000

Finally, find your modification factor for the labor

costs in this book. Divide your total hourly labor cost by

the total hourly labor cost shown on page 10. For the car-

penter in our example, the figure in column 6 is $36.05.

$15.75

$36.05

Your modification factor is 44%. Multiply any build-

ing carpenter (Craft Code BC) labor costs in the

Residential Division of this book by .44 to find your esti-

mated cost. For example, on page 24 the labor cost for

installing an 18" long towel bar is $10.10 per each bar.

If installed by your carpenter working at $10.00 per

hour, your estimated cost would be 44% of $10.10 or

$4.44. The manhours would remain the same @.280,

assuming normal productivity.

If the Labor Rate Is UnknownOn some estimates you may not know what labor

rates will apply. In that case, use both labor and mate-

rial figures in this book without making any adjustment.

When all labor, equipment and material costs have

been compiled, add or deduct the percentage shown in

the area modification table on pages 12 through 15.

Adjusting the labor costs in this book will make

your estimates much more accurate.

= $15.75 per hour

= .44SAMPLE

Alabama Average -1 -11 0 -6%Anniston 362 -3 -19 -1 -10%Auburn 368 0 -14 0 -6%Bellamy 369 -2 -7 -1 -4%Birmingham 350-352 -3 10 -1 3%Dothan 363 -1 -13 0 -7%Evergreen 364 -1 -25 0 -12%Gadsden 359 -4 -21 -1 -12%Huntsville 358 1 -8 0 -3%Jasper 355 -1 -23 0 -11%Mobile 365-366 -1 -5 0 -3%Montgomery 360-361 -1 -6 0 -3%Scottsboro 357 0 -13 0 -6%Selma 367 -1 -14 0 -7%Sheffield 356 0 -3 0 -1%Tuscaloosa 354 1 -11 0 -5%

Alaska Average 14 29 5 21%Anchorage 995 17 37 6 26%Fairbanks 997 16 31 5 23%Juneau 998 18 24 6 21%Ketchikan 999 3 20 1 11%King Salmon 996 16 31 5 23%

Arizona Average 1 -11 0 -4%Chambers 865 1 -9 0 -4%Douglas 855 0 -14 0 -6%Flagstaff 860 2 -21 1 -9%Kingman 864 1 -14 0 -6%Mesa 852 1 2 0 1%Phoenix 850 1 2 0 1%Prescott 863 3 -17 1 -6%Show Low 859 1 -22 0 -10%Tucson 856-567 0 -15 0 -7%Yuma 853 0 1 0 0%

Arkansas Average -2 -11 0 -6%Batesville 725 0 -20 0 -9%Camden 717 -4 -3 -1 -3%Fayetteville 727 1 -10 0 -4%Fort Smith 729 -1 -12 0 -6%Harrison 726 0 -28 0 -13%Hope 718 -3 11 -1 3%Hot Springs 719 -2 -29 -1 -14%Jonesboro 724 -1 -13 0 -7%Little Rock 720-722 -1 -5 0 -3%Pine Bluff 716 -4 3 -1 -1%Russellville 728 0 -15 0 -7%West Memphis 723 -3 -8 -1 -5%

California Average 2 13 1 7%Alhambra 917 3 13 1 8%Bakersfield 932-933 0 7 0 3%El Centro 922 1 -2 0 0%Eureka 955 1 -5 0 -2%Fresno 936-938 0 -3 0 -1%Herlong 961 2 -5 1 -1%Inglewood 902-905 3 14 1 8%Irvine 926-927 3 23 1 12%Lompoc 934 3 10 1 6%

Long Beach 907-908 3 15 1 8%Los Angeles 900-901 3 12 1 7%Marysville 959 1 -2 0 0%Modesto 953 1 -3 0 -1%Mojave 935 0 10 0 5%Novato 949 3 23 1 12%Oakland 945-947 3 34 1 17%Orange 928 3 21 1 11%Oxnard 930 3 6 1 4%Pasadena 910-912 3 14 1 8%Rancho Cordova 956-957 2 10 1 6%Redding 960 1 -5 0 -2%Richmond 948 2 35 1 17%Riverside 925 1 7 0 4%Sacramento 958 1 10 0 5%Salinas 939 3 1 1 2%San Bernardino 923-924 0 9 0 4%San Diego 919-921 3 10 1 6%San Francisco 941 3 55 1 27%San Jose 950-951 3 34 1 17%San Mateo 943-944 4 36 1 19%Santa Barbara 931 3 10 1 6%Santa Rosa 954 3 10 1 6%Stockton 952 1 2 0 1%Sunnyvale 940 3 38 1 19%Van Nuys 913-916 3 12 1 7%Whittier 906 3 13 1 8%

Colorado Average 1 0 1 1%Aurora 800-801 2 7 1 4%Boulder 803-804 3 1 1 2%Colorado Springs 808-809 2 -5 1 -1%Denver 802 2 9 1 5%Durango 813 1 -1 0 0%Fort Morgan 807 1 -1 0 0%Glenwood Springs816 2 3 1 2%Grand Junction 814-815 1 -4 0 -1%Greeley 806 2 5 1 3%Longmont 805 3 -1 1 1%Pagosa Springs 811 0 -9 0 -4%Pueblo 810 -1 5 0 2%Salida 812 1 -12 0 -5%

Connecticuit Average 1 28 0 13%Bridgeport 066 1 28 0 13%Bristol 060 1 24 0 12%Fairfield 064 2 31 1 15%Hartford 061 0 31 0 14%New Haven 065 1 28 0 13%Norwich 063 0 26 0 12%Stamford 068 4 35 1 18%Waterbury 067 1 28 0 13%West Hartford 062 1 20 0 10%

Delaware Average 1 1 0 1%Dover 199 1 -13 0 -5%Newark 197 2 9 1 5%Wilmington 198 0 8 0 4%

District of Columbia Average 3 21 1 11%

Washington 200-205 3 21 1 11%

Florida Average -1 -15 0 -7%Altamonte Springs327 -1 -12 0 -6%Bradenton 342 0 -18 0 -8%Brooksville 346 -1 -21 0 -10%Daytona Beach 321 -2 -24 -1 -12%Fort Lauderdale 333 2 -5 1 -1%Fort Myers 339 0 -20 0 -9%Fort Pierce 349 -2 -26 -1 -13%Gainesville 326 -1 -19 0 -9%Jacksonville 322 -1 -8 0 -4%Lakeland 338 -3 -16 -1 -9%Melbourne 329 -2 -19 -1 -10%Miami 330-332 2 -5 1 -1%Naples 341 3 -14 1 -5%Ocala 344 -2 -26 -1 -13%Orlando 328 0 -3 0 -1%Panama City 324 -2 -16 -1 -8%Pensacola 325 0 -17 0 -8%Saint Augustine 320 -1 -13 0 -7%Saint Cloud 347 0 -10 0 -5%St Petersburg 337 -1 -14 0 -7%Tallahassee 323 0 -19 0 -9%Tampa 335 -1 -7 0 -4%West Palm Beach 334 1 -7 0 -3%

Georgia Average -1 -9 0 -5%Albany 317 -2 -19 -1 -10%Athens 306 0 -12 0 -6%Atlanta 303 3 24 1 13%Augusta 308-309 -2 -6 -1 -4%Buford 305 0 -9 0 -4%Calhoun 307 -1 -21 0 -10%Columbus 318-319 -1 -13 0 -7%Dublin/Fort Valley 310 -3 -15 -1 -8%Hinesville 313 -2 -10 -1 -6%Kings Bay 315 -2 -9 -1 -5%Macon 312 -2 -8 -1 -5%Marietta 300-302 1 7 0 4%Savannah 314 -1 -11 0 -6%Statesboro 304 -2 -21 -1 -11%Valdosta 316 -1 -7 0 -4%

Hawaii Average 17 30 6 23%Aliamanu 968 17 32 6 24%Ewa 967 17 29 6 22%Halawa Heights 967 17 29 6 22%Hilo 967 17 29 6 22%Honolulu 968 17 32 6 24%Kailua 968 17 32 6 24%Lualualei 967 17 29 6 22%Mililani Town 967 17 29 6 22%Pearl City 967 17 29 6 22%Wahiawa 967 17 29 6 22%Waianae 967 17 29 6 22%Wailuku (Maui) 967 17 29 6 22%

12

Area Modification Factors

TotalWtd.

Location Zip Mat. Lab. Equip. Avg.

TotalWtd.


TotalWtd.


Construction costs are higher in some areas thanin other areas. Add or deduct the percentages shownon the following pages to adapt the costs in this bookto your job site. Adjust your cost estimate by the appro-priate percentages in this table to find the estimatedcost for the site selected. Where 0% is shown, it meansno modification is required.

Modification factors are listed alphabetically bystate and province. Areas within each state are listedalphabetically. For convenience, one representative cityis identified in each three-digit zip or range of zips.Percentages are based on the average of all datapoints in the table. Factors listed for each state andprovince are the average of all data points in that state

or province. Figures for three-digit zips are the averageof all five-digit zips in that area. Figures in the Total col-umn are the weighted average of factors for Labor,Material and Equipment.

The National Estimator program will apply an areamodification factor for any five-digit zip you select. ClickUtilities. Click Options. Then select the Area Modi-fication Factors tab.

These percentages are composites of many costsand will not necessarily be accurate when estimatingthe cost of any particular part of a building. But whenused to modify costs for an entire structure, they shouldimprove the accuracy of your estimates.

SAMPLE

13

Area Modification Factors

TotalWtd.


TotalWtd.


TotalWtd.


Idaho Average -1 4 0 2%Boise 837 1 -5 0 -2%Coeur d’Alene 838 0 -21 0 -10%Idaho Falls 834 -1 -15 0 -7%Lewiston 835 0 -26 0 -12%Meridian 836 0 -18 0 -8%Pocatello 832 -1 -17 0 -8%Sun Valley 833 -1 -15 0 -7%

Illinois Average -1 11 0 4%Arlington Heights 600 1 30 0 14%Aurora 605 2 28 1 14%Belleville 622 -2 5 -1 1%Bloomington 617 1 0 0 1%Carbondale 629 -3 -8 -1 -5%Carol Stream 601 2 29 1 14%Centralia 628 -3 -5 -1 -4%Champaign 618 -1 1 0 0%Chicago 606-608 2 34 1 17%Decatur 623 -2 -14 -1 -8%Galesburg 614 -2 -9 -1 -5%Granite City 620 -3 9 -1 3%Green River 612 -2 11 -1 4%Joliet 604 0 33 0 15%Kankakee 609 -2 5 -1 1%Lawrenceville 624 -4 -7 -1 -5%Oak Park 603 3 38 1 19%Peoria 615-615 -1 14 0 6%Peru 613 0 7 0 3%Quincy 602 3 34 1 17%Rockford 610 -2 11 -1 4%Springfield 625-627 -2 0 -1 -1%Urbana 619 -3 -4 -1 -3%

Indiana Average -2 0 -1 -1%Aurora 470 -1 -6 0 -3%Bloomington 474 1 -4 0 -1%Columbus 472 0 -8 0 -4%Elkhart 465 -2 -4 -1 -3%Evansville 476-477 -2 14 -1 5%Fort Wayne 467-468 -3 -3 -1 -3%Gary 463-464 -4 48 -1 20%Indianapolis 460-462 -1 14 0 6%Jasper 475 -1 -16 0 -8%Jeffersonville 471 -1 -3 0 -2%Kokomo 469 -2 -13 -1 -7%Lafayette 479 -1 -10 0 -5%Muncie 473 -4 -15 -1 -9%South Bend 466 -4 -1 -1 -3%Terre Haute 478 -4 0 -1 -2%

Iowa Average -1 -5 0 -2%Burlington 526 0 -8 0 -4%Carroll 514 -3 -18 -1 -10%Cedar Falls 506 -1 -6 0 -3%Cedar Rapids 522-524 0 4 0 2%Cherokee 510 -2 -3 -1 -2%Council Bluffs 515 -2 -8 -1 -5%Creston 508 -3 -12 -1 -7%Davenport 527-528 -1 5 0 14%Decorah 521 -2 -12 -1 1%Des Moines 500-503 -2 10 -1 4%Dubuque 520 -1 0 0 -2%Fort Dodge 505 -2 -8 -1 -5%Mason City 504 0 -6 0 -3%Ottumwa 525 0 -17 0 -4%Sheldon 512 0 -16 0 -7%Shenandoah 516 -3 -26 -1 -14%Sioux City 511 -2 4 -1 1%Spencer 513 -1 -14 0 -7%Waterloo 507 -4 -7 -1 -5%

Kansas Average -2 -11 -1 -6%Colby 677 -1 -16 0 -8%Concordia 669 -1 -29 0 -14%Dodge City 678 -2 -4 -1 -3%Emporia 668 -3 -15 -1 -8%Fort Scott 667 -2 -11 -1 -6%Hays 676 -2 -28 -1 -14%

Hutchinson 675 -3 -9 -1 -6%Independence 673 -3 0 -1 -2%Kansas City 660-662 0 11 0 5%Liberal 679 -2 -16 -1 -8%Salina 674 -3 -15 -1 -8%Topeka 664-666 -3 -2 -1 -3%Wichita 670-672 -2 -7 -1 -4%

Kentucky Average -1 -8 0 -4%Ashland 411-412 -3 -12 -1 -7%Bowling Green 421 0 -12 0 -6%Campton 413-414 -1 -16 0 -8%Covington 410 -1 2 0 0%Elizabethtown 427 -1 -16 0 -8%Frankfort 406 1 -6 0 -2%Hazard 417-418 -1 -10 0 -5%Hopkinsville 422 -2 -14 -1 -8%Lexington 403-405 1 3 0 2%London 407-409 -1 -9 0 -5%Louisville 400-402 -1 1 0 0%Owensboro 423 -2 -8 -1 -5%Paducah 420 -2 -6 -1 -4%Pikeville 415-416 -3 -3 -1 -3%Somerset 425-426 0 -23 0 -11%White Plains 424 -3 -4 -1 -3%

Louisiana Average -1 0 -1 -1%Alexandria 713-714 -3 -8 -1 -5%Baton Rouge 707-708 0 18 0 8%Houma 703 -2 14 -1 5%Lafayette 705 0 3 0 1%Lake Charles 706 -2 -1 -1 -2%Mandeville 704 0 -2 0 -1%Minden 710 -2 -9 -1 -5%Monroe 712 -2 -15 -1 -8%New Orleans 700-701 0 4 0 2%Shreveport 711 -2 -4 -1 -3%

Maine Average -1 -14 0 -7%Auburn 042 -1 -12 0 -6%Augusta 043 -1 -16 0 -8%Bangor 044 -2 -16 -1 -8%Bath 045 0 -14 0 -6%Brunswick 039-040 1 -7 0 -3%Camden 048 -1 -22 0 -11%Cutler 046 -1 -22 0 -11%Dexter 049 -2 -14 -1 -8%Northern Area 047 -2 -18 -1 -9%Portland 041 2 -3 1 0%

Maryland Average 1 3 0 2%Annapolis 214 3 12 1 7%Baltimore 210-212 -1 15 0 6%Bethesda 208-209 3 23 1 12%Church Hill 216 2 -10 1 -4%Cumberland 215 -4 -17 -1 -10%Elkton 219 2 -3 1 0%Frederick 217 1 6 0 3%Laurel 206-207 2 16 1 8%Salisbury 218 1 -12 0 -5%

Massachusetts Average 2 24 1 12%

Ayer 015-016 1 12 0 6%

Bedford 017 3 33 1 17%

Boston 021-022 3 72 1 35%

Brockton 023-024 2 40 1 19%

Cape Cod 026 2 2 1 2%

Chicopee 010 1 16 0 8%

Dedham 019 3 33 1 17%

Fitchburg 014 2 23 1 12%

Hingham 020 3 38 1 19%

Lawrence 018 2 30 1 15%

Nantucket 025 3 17 1 9%

New Bedford 027 2 21 1 11%

Northfield 013 1 -2 0 0%

Pittsfield 012 1 -1 0 0%

Springfield 011 -1 21 0 9%

Michigan Average -2 3 -1 1%Battle Creek 490-491 -3 1 -1 -1%Detroit 481-482 0 19 0 9%Flint 484-485 -3 -7 -1 -5%Grand Rapids 493-495 -1 2 0 0%Grayling 497 1 -14 0 -6%Jackson 492 -3 2 -1 -1%Lansing 488-489 0 1 0 0%Marquette 498-499 -1 2 0 0%Pontiac 483 -3 21 -1 8%Royal Oak 480 -2 19 -1 8%Saginaw 486-487 -2 -8 -1 -5%Traverse City 496 -1 3 0 1%

Minnesota Average 0 -2 0 -1%Bemidji 566 -1 -9 0 -5%Brainerd 564 0 0 0 0%Duluth 556-558 -2 0 -1 -1%Fergus Falls 565 -1 -13 0 -7%Magnolia 561 0 -17 0 -8%Mankato 560 0 -6 0 -3%Minneapolis 553-555 1 21 0 10%Rochester 559 0 -4 0 -2%St Cloud 563 -1 12 0 5%St Paul 550-551 1 22 0 11%Thief River Falls 567 0 -2 0 -1%Willmar 562 -1 -3 0 -2%

Mississippi Average -2 -15 -1 -8%Clarksdale 386 -3 -16 -1 -9%Columbus 397 -1 -7 0 -4%Greenville 387 -4 -24 -1 -13%Greenwood 389 -3 -22 -1 -12%Gulfport 395 -2 -9 -1 -5%Jackson 390-392 -3 -7 -1 -5%Laurel 394 -3 -12 -1 -7%McComb 396 -2 -20 -1 -10%Meridian 393 -2 -9 -1 -5%Tupelo 388 -1 -21 0 -10%

Missouri Average -1 -8 0 -4%Cape Girardeau 637 -2 -4 -1 -3%Caruthersville 638 -1 -12 0 -6%Chillicothe 646 -2 -17 -1 -9%Columbia 652 1 -11 0 -5%East Lynne 647 -1 -9 0 -5%Farmington 636 -3 -16 -1 -9%Hannibal 634 1 -9 0 -4%Independence 640 -1 12 0 5%Jefferson City 650-651 1 -11 0 -5%Joplin 648 -2 -17 -1 -9%Kansas City 641 -2 15 -1 6%Kirksville 635 0 -26 0 -12%Knob Noster 653 0 -12 0 -6%Lebanon 654-655 -2 -20 -1 -10%Poplar Bluff 639 -1 -11 0 -6%Saint Charles 633 1 -2 0 0%Saint Joseph 644-645 -3 8 -1 2%Springfield 656-658 -2 -16 -1 -8%St Louis 630-631 -2 15 -1 6%

Montana Average 0 -7 0 -3%

Billings 590-591 0 0 0 0%

Butte 597 1 -10 0 -4%

Fairview 592 -1 2 0 0%

Great Falls 594 -1 -3 0 -2%

Havre 595 -1 -14 0 -7%

Helena 596 0 -4 0 -2%

Kalispell 599 1 -15 0 -6%

Miles City 593 -1 -6 0 -3%

Missoula 598 1 -15 0 -6%

Nebraska Average -1 -17 0 -8%

Alliance 693 -1 -19 0 -9%

Columbus 686 0 -13 0 -6%

Grand Island 688 0 -18 0 -8%

Hastings 689 0 -16 0 -7%

Lincoln 683-685 0 -9 0 -4%

SAMPLE

14

Area Modification FactorsTotalWtd.


TotalWtd.


TotalWtd.


McCook 690 0 -26 0 -12%Norfolk 687 -3 -19 -1 -10%North Platte 691 0 -21 0 -10%Omaha 680-681 -1 -3 0 -2%Valentine 692 -2 -29 -1 -14%

Nevada Average 2 9 1 5%Carson City 897 2 -14 1 -5%Elko 898 1 54 0 25%Ely 893 2 4 1 3%Fallon 894 2 3 1 2%Las Vegas 889-891 2 4 1 3%Reno 895 2 1 1 2%

New Hampshire Average 1 -1 0 0%Charlestown 036 1 -9 0 -4%Concord 034 1 -5 0 -2%Dover 038 0 5 0 2%Lebanon 037 2 -6 1 -2%Littleton 035 -1 -6 0 -3%Manchester 032-033 0 5 0 2%New Boston 030-031 2 7 1 4%

New Jersey Average 1 33 0 16%Atlantic City 080-084 -2 26 -1 11%Brick 087 2 17 1 9%Dover 078 1 35 0 17%Edison 088-089 1 38 0 18%Hackensack 076 3 32 1 16%Monmouth 077 3 35 1 18%Newark 071-073 2 35 1 17%Passaic 070 2 36 1 18%Paterson 074-075 2 31 1 15%Princeton 085 -2 38 -1 16%Summit 079 3 45 1 22%Trenton 086 -3 33 -1 14%

New Mexico Average 0 -20 0 -9%Alamogordo 883 -1 -25 0 -12%Albuquerque 870-871 2 -9 1 -3%Clovis 881 -2 -23 -1 -12%Farmington 874 2 -4 1 -1%Fort Sumner 882 -3 -2 -1 -3%Gallup 873 1 -12 0 -5%Holman 877 2 -26 1 -11%Las Cruces 880 -2 -24 -1 -12%Santa Fe 875 3 -22 1 -9%Socorro 878 1 -37 0 -17%Truth or

Consequences 879 -2 -29 -1 -14%Tucumcari 884 -1 -25 0 -12%

New York Average 0 22 0 10%Albany 120-123 0 16 0 7%Amityville 117 2 34 1 17%Batavia 140 -3 2 -1 -1%Binghamton 137-139 -3 3 -1 0%Bronx 104 2 33 1 16%Brooklyn 112 3 30 1 15%Buffalo 142 -4 4 -1 0%Elmira 149 -4 3 -1 -1%Flushing 113 3 50 1 25%Garden City 115 3 46 1 23%Hicksville 118 3 42 1 21%Ithaca 148 -4 -3 -1 -3%Jamaica 114 3 48 1 24%Jamestown 147 -4 -7 -1 -5%Kingston 124 0 0 0 0%Long Island 111 3 76 1 37%Montauk 119 1 31 0 15%New York

(Manhattan) 100-102 3 78 1 37%New York City 100-102 3 78 1 37%Newcomb 128 -1 2 0 0%Niagara Falls 143 -4 -10 -1 -7%Plattsburgh 129 1 -1 0 0%Poughkeepsie 125-126 0 9 0 4%Queens 110 4 53 1 26%

Rochester 144-146 -3 6 -1 1%Rockaway 116 3 38 1 19%Rome 133-134 -3 -3 -1 -3%Staten Island 103 3 29 1 15%Stewart 127 -1 -1 0 -1%Syracuse 130-132 -3 5 -1 1%Tonawanda 141 -4 0 -1 -2%Utica 135 -4 -5 -1 -4%Watertown 136 -2 15 -1 6%West Point 109 1 22 0 11%White Plains 105-108 3 39 1 20%

North Carolina Average 1 -10 0 -4%Asheville 287-289 1 -18 0 -8%Charlotte 280-282 1 10 0 5%Durham 277 2 0 1 1%Elizabeth City 279 1 -18 0 -8%Fayetteville 283 -1 -14 0 -7%Goldsboro 275 1 -5 0 -2%Greensboro 274 1 -11 0 -5%Hickory 286 -1 -17 0 -8%Kinston 285 -1 -19 0 -9%Raleigh 276 3 -2 1 1%Rocky Mount 278 -1 -15 0 -7%Wilmington 284 1 -15 0 -6%Winston-Salem 270-273 0 -10 0 -5%

North Dakota Average -1 9 0 4%Bismarck 585 0 6 0 3%Dickinson 586 -1 20 0 9%Fargo 580-581 0 5 0 2%Grand Forks 582 0 0 0 0%Jamestown 584 -1 -7 0 -4%Minot 587 -1 20 0 9%Nekoma 583 -1 -17 0 -8%Williston 588 -1 43 0 19%

Ohio Average -2 2 -1 0%Akron 442-443 -2 7 -1 2%Canton 446-447 -2 -1 -1 -2%Chillicothe 456 -2 -8 -1 -5%Cincinnati 450-452 -1 8 0 3%Cleveland 440-441 -3 8 -1 2%Columbus 432 0 9 0 4%Dayton 453-455 -3 -1 -1 -2%Lima 458 -3 -7 -1 -5%Marietta 457 -2 -9 -1 -5%Marion 433 -3 -6 -1 -4%Newark 430-431 -1 7 0 3%Sandusky 448-449 -1 1 0 0%Steubenville 439 -3 -3 -1 -3%Toledo 434-436 -1 17 0 7%Warren 444 -4 -1 -1 -3%Youngstown 445 -5 7 -2 1%Zanesville 437-438 -2 1 -1 -1%

Oklahoma Average -3 -9 -1 -5%Adams 739 -2 -16 -1 -8%Ardmore 734 -3 -11 -1 -7%Clinton 736 -3 -4 -1 -3%Durant 747 -4 -22 -1 -12%Enid 737 -4 -6 -1 -5%Lawton 735 -3 -22 -1 -12%McAlester 745 -4 -15 -1 -9%Muskogee 744 -2 -17 -1 -9%Norman 730 -2 -4 -1 -3%Oklahoma City 731 -2 -2 -1 -2%Ponca City 746 -3 2 -1 -1%Poteau 749 -2 -17 -1 -9%Pryor 743 -2 -21 -1 -11%Shawnee 748 -4 -21 -1 -12%Tulsa 740-741 -1 -1 0 -1%Woodward 738 -4 6 -1 1%

Oregon Average 1 -14 1 -6%Adrian 979 -1 -23 0 -11%Bend 977 1 -14 0 -6%Eugene 974 2 -7 1 -2%

Grants Pass 975 2 -16 1 -6%Klamath Falls 976 2 -21 1 -9%Pendleton 978 0 -10 0 -5%Portland 970-972 2 17 1 9%Salem 973 2 -7 1 -2%

Pennsylvania Average -3 0 -1 -1%Allentown 181 -2 10 -1 4%Altoona 166 -3 -12 -1 -7%Beaver Springs 178 -3 -8 -1 -5%Bethlehem 180 -1 12 0 5%Bradford 167 -4 -11 -1 -7%Butler 160 -4 0 -1 -2%Chambersburg 172 -1 -13 0 -7%Clearfield 168 2 -6 1 -2%DuBois 158 -2 -19 -1 -10%East Stroudsburg 183 0 -9 0 -4%Erie 164-165 -3 -9 -1 -6%Genesee 169 -4 -6 -1 -5%Greensburg 156 -4 1 -1 -2%Harrisburg 170-171 -2 6 -1 2%Hazleton 182 -3 -8 -1 -5%Johnstown 159 -4 -15 -1 -9%Kittanning 162 -4 -10 -1 -7%Lancaster 175-176 -2 3 -1 0%Meadville 163 -4 -20 -1 -11%Montrose 188 -3 0 -1 -2%New Castle 161 -4 0 -1 -2%Philadelphia 190-191 -3 29 -1 12%Pittsburgh 152 -4 14 -1 4%Pottsville 179 -4 -12 -1 -8%Punxsutawney 157 -4 -4 -1 -4%Reading 195-196 -4 8 -1 2%Scranton 184-185 -2 -3 -1 -2%Somerset 155 -4 -12 -1 -8%Southeastern 193 0 20 0 9%Uniontown 154 -4 -7 -1 -5%Valley Forge 194 -3 32 -1 13%Warminster 189 -1 23 0 10%Warrendale 150-151 -4 14 -1 4%Washington 153 -3 24 -1 9%Wilkes Barre 186-187 -3 -6 -1 -4%Williamsport 177 -3 0 -1 -2%York 173-174 -3 5 -1 1%

Rhode Island Average 1 15 0 7%

Bristol 028 1 16 0 8%Coventry 028 1 16 0 8%Cranston 029 1 10 0 5%Davisville 028 1 16 0 8%Narragansett 028 1 16 0 8%Newport 028 1 16 0 8%Providence 029 1 10 0 5%Warwick 028 1 16 0 8%

South Carolina Average 0 -9 0 -4%

Aiken 298 0 6 0 3%

Beaufort 299 -1 -14 0 -7%

Charleston 294 -1 -3 0 -2%

Columbia 290-292 0 -11 0 -5%

Greenville 296 0 -8 0 -4%

Myrtle Beach 295 0 -20 0 -9%

Rock Hill 297 0 -15 0 -7%

Spartanburg 293 -1 -6 0 -3%

South Dakota Average -1 -15 0 -7%Aberdeen 574 -1 -12 0 -6%Mitchell 573 0 -14 0 -6%Mobridge 576 -1 -22 0 -11%Pierre 575 -1 -23 0 -11%Rapid City 577 -1 -14 0 -7%Sioux Falls 570-571 0 -5 0 -2%Watertown 572 -1 -16 0 -8%

Tennesee Average -1 -4 0 -2%Chattanooga 374 -1 1 0 0%Clarksville 370 1 4 0 2%Cleveland 373 -1 -2 0 -1%

SAMPLE

15

Area Modification FactorsTotalWtd.


TotalWtd.


TotalWtd.


Columbia 384 -1 -15 0 -7%Cookeville 385 0 -20 0 -9%Jackson 383 -1 -6 0 -3%Kingsport 376 0 -10 0 -5%Knoxville 377-379 -1 -2 0 -1%McKenzie 382 -1 -11 0 -6%Memphis 380-381 -2 5 -1 1%Nashville 371-372 1 10 0 5%

Texas Average -2 -1 -1 -2%Abilene 795-796 -4 -4 -1 -4%Amarillo 790-791 -2 -6 -1 -4%Arlington 760 -1 3 0 1%Austin 786-787 1 5 0 3%Bay City 774 -2 50 -1 22%Beaumont 776-777 -3 22 -1 9%Brownwood 768 -3 -17 -1 -9%Bryan 778 0 -10 0 -5%Childress 792 -3 -26 -1 -14%Corpus Christi 783-784 -2 11 -1 4%Dallas 751-753 -1 11 0 5%Del Rio 788 -3 -14 -1 -8%El Paso 798-799 -3 -21 -1 -11%Fort Worth 761-762 -2 3 -1 0%Galveston 775 -3 22 -1 9%Giddings 789 0 -3 0 -1%Greenville 754 -3 10 -1 3%Houston 770-772 -1 24 0 11%Huntsville 773 -2 23 -1 10%Longview 756 -2 -2 -1 -2%Lubbock 793-794 -3 -12 -1 -7%Lufkin 759 -3 -9 -1 -6%McAllen 785 -3 -26 -1 -14%Midland 797 -3 18 -1 7%Palestine 758 -2 -13 -1 -7%Plano 750 -1 12 0 5%San Angelo 769 -3 -13 -1 -8%San Antonio 780-782 -3 0 -1 -2%Texarkana 755 -3 -17 -1 -9%Tyler 757 -1 -13 0 -7%Victoria 779 -3 1 -1 -1%Waco 765-767 -3 -10 -1 -6%Wichita Falls 763 -3 -20 -1 -11%Woodson 764 -3 -10 -1 -6%

Utah Average 1 -10 1 -4%Clearfield 840 2 -1 1 1%Green River 845 1 -5 0 -2%Ogden 843-844 0 -22 0 -10%Provo 846-847 2 -21 1 -9%Salt Lake City 841 2 0 1 1%

Vermont Average 1 -12 0 -5%Albany 058 1 -15 0 -6%Battleboro 053 1 -11 0 -5%Beecher Falls 059 1 -17 0 -7%Bennington 052 -1 -16 0 -8%Burlington 054 2 3 1 2%Montpelier 056 2 -10 1 -4%Rutland 057 -1 -15 0 -7%Springfield 051 -1 -14 0 -7%White River

Junction 050 1 -14 0 -6%

Virginia Average 0 -10 0 -5%Abingdon 242 -2 -16 -1 -8%Alexandria 220-223 3 18 1 10%

Charlottesville 229 1 -15 0 -6%Chesapeake 233 0 -4 0 -2%Culpeper 227 2 -11 1 -4%Farmville 239 -2 -26 -1 -13%Fredericksburg 224-225 1 -11 0 -5%Galax 243 -2 -19 -1 -10%Harrisonburg 228 1 -19 0 -8%Lynchburg 245 -2 -16 -1 -8%Norfolk 235-237 0 -3 0 -1%Petersburg 238 -2 -7 -1 -4%Radford 241 -1 -21 0 -10%Reston 201 3 14 1 8%Richmond 232 -1 1 0 0%Roanoke 240 -1 -21 0 -10%Staunton 244 0 -22 0 -10%Tazewell 246 -3 -11 -1 -7%Virginia Beach 234 0 -9 0 -4%Williamsburg 230-231 0 -9 0 -4%Winchester 226 0 -11 0 -5%

Washington Average 1 -2 0 0%Clarkston 994 0 -12 0 -6%Everett 982 2 3 1 2%Olympia 985 2 -7 1 -2%Pasco 993 0 2 0 1%Seattle 980-981 3 20 1 11%Spokane 990-992 0 -6 0 -3%Tacoma 983-984 1 4 0 2%Vancouver 986 2 4 1 3%Wenatchee 988 1 -13 0 -5%Yakima 989 0 -10 0 -5%

West Virginia Average -2 -9 -1 -5%Beckley 258-259 1 -15 0 -6%Bluefield 247-248 -1 2 0 0%Charleston 250-253 1 7 0 4%Clarksburg 263-264 -3 -6 -1 -4%Fairmont 266 0 -23 0 -11%Huntington 255-257 -1 -2 0 -1%Lewisburg 249 -2 -31 -1 -15%Martinsburg 254 -1 -9 0 -5%Morgantown 265 -3 -9 -1 -6%New Martinsville 262 -2 -17 -1 -9%Parkersburg 261 -3 5 -1 1%Romney 267 -4 -11 -1 -7%Sugar Grove 268 -3 -12 -1 -7%Wheeling 260 -3 -2 -1 -3%

Wisconsin Average -1 1 0 0%Amery 540 0 -3 0 -1%Beloit 535 0 9 0 4%Clam Lake 545 -1 -12 0 -6%Eau Claire 547 -1 -2 0 -1%Green Bay 541-543 0 4 0 2%La Crosse 546 -2 -2 -1 -2%Ladysmith 548 -2 -2 -1 -2%Madison 537 2 13 1 7%Milwaukee 530-534 0 13 0 6%Oshkosh 549 -1 5 0 2%Portage 539 0 6 0 3%Prairie du Chien 538 -2 -6 -1 -4%Wausau 544 -1 -5 0 -3%

Wyoming Average 0 -6 0 -3%Casper 826 -2 8 -1 3%Cheyenne/

Laramie 820 1 -11 0 -5%

Gillette 827 -1 4 0 1%

Powell 824 0 -15 0 -7%

Rawlins 823 0 2 0 1%

Riverton 825 -1 -10 0 -5%

Rock Springs 829-831 0 2 0 1%

Sheridan 828 0 -12 0 -6%

Wheatland 822 0 -18 0 -8%

UNITED STATES TERRITORIES

Guam 53 -21 -5 18%

Puerto Rico 2 -47 -5 -21%

VIRGIN ISLANDS (U.S.)

St. Croix 18 -15 -4 2%

St. John 52 -15 -4 20%

St. Thomas 23 -15 -4 5%

CANADIAN AREA MODIFIERSThese figures assume an exchange rate of $1.00

Canadian to $0.95 U.S.

Alberta Average 20 5 7 13%

Calgary 20 7 7 14%

Edmonton 19 8 7 14%

Fort McMurray 22 -1 7 11%

British Columbia Average 20 -9 7 7%

Fraser Valley 20 -10 7 6%

Okanagan 21 -12 7 6%

Vancouver 20 -5 7 8%

Manitoba Average 14 -16 5 0%

North Manitoba 14 -16 5 0%

South Manitoba 14 -16 5 0%

Selkirk 14 -16 5 0%

Winnipeg 14 -16 5 0%

New Brunswick Average 10 -41 3 -14%

Moncton 10 -41 3 -14%

Nova Scotia Average 11 -30 4 -8%

Amherst 10 -30 3 -9%

Nova Scotia 11 -29 4 -8%

Sydney 11 -31 4 -8%

Newfoundland/Labrador Average 13 -29 4 -6%

Ontario Average 16 -5 5 6%

London 16 -4 5 7%

Thunder Bay 18 -8 6 6%

Toronto 15 -3 5 7%

Quebec Average 13 -18 4 -1%

Montreal 13 -18 4 -1%

Quebec City 13 -18 4 -1%

Saskatchewan Average 17 -12 5 3%

La Ronge 18 -15 6 3%

Prince Albert 16 -14 5 2%

Saskatoon 16 -8 5 5%

SAMPLE

16

Credits and AcknowledgmentsThis book has over 30,000 cost estimates for 2014. To develop these estimates, the editors relied on infor-

mation supplied by hundreds of construction cost authorities. We offer our sincere thanks to the contractors, engi-neers, design professionals, construction estimators, material suppliers and manufacturers who, in the spirit ofcooperation, have assisted in the preparation of this Sixty-second Edition of the National Construction Estimator.Many of the cost authorities who supplied information for this volume are listed below.

A special thanks to the following people. Contributing editor: Walter James O’Brien. Special assistants to the editors: RayHicks, James Thomson. Layout & Images: Christine Bruneau. Software production: Bilandra Chase.

Cover design: Bill Grote

AFCO Roofing Supply, John Ording

Amerec Products, Jim Haas

American Arbitration Assoc., Kerstin Norlin

Anthem Contracting, Joe Caronna

Bell Blueprint, Paul Moore

Cement Cutting, Inc., Matt Becker

Dial One, Charlie Gindele

Fiorentine Company, Tom Forsyth

Groundwater Data, Inc., John Kratz

H&H Specialties, Reid Neslage

Iron-A-Way Company, Reg Smidt

J.H. Baxter, Inc., Dean Rogers

KEL-EEZ Weatherstripping, James Adams

Marbleworks of San Diego, Charlene Butler

Mel-Northey Co., Mel Northey

On Time Appraisal, Ralph Kinney

Prof. Photographic Service, Larry Hoagland

RCP Block & Brick Co., Gina Adams

San Diego Gas & Electric, Don Altevers

Superior Rock Products, John Knieff

U. S. Gypsum Company, Roger Merchet

West Coast Lumber Inspect. Bur., Jim Kneaper

Weyerhauser Company, Doug Barkee

York Spiral Stair, Jim A. Guerette

SAMPLE

Adhesives

17

Adhesives See also, Caulking, Flooring, Roofing and Tile in the Residential Division Panel adhesives Better quality, gun applied in continuous bead to wood or metal framing or furring members, material only, add labor below. Per 100 SF of wall, floor, or ceiling including 6% waste. Based on 10.5 ounce tubes. Bead diameter Unit 1/8" 1/4" 3/8" 1/2" Subfloor adhesive, on floors 12" OC members CSF 1.64 6.54 14.70 26.20 16" OC members CSF 1.23 4.91 11.00 19.60 20" OC members CSF .98 3.93 8.83 15.70 24" OC members CSF .82 3.27 7.36 13.10 Wall sheathing or shear panel adhesive, on walls 16" OC members CSF 2.81 11.30 25.30 45.00 20" OC members CSF 2.25 9.00 20.30 36.00 24" OC members CSF 1.88 7.50 16.90 30.00 Polystyrene or polyurethane foam panel adhesive, on walls 12" OC members CSF 3.49 14.00 31.40 55.80 16" OC members CSF 2.62 10.50 23.50 41.90 20" OC members CSF 2.09 8.37 18.80 33.50 24" OC members CSF 1.74 6.98 15.70 27.90 Gypsum drywall adhesive 12" OC members CSF 1.36 5.43 12.20 21.70 16" OC members CSF 1.02 4.07 9.17 16.30 20" OC members CSF .81 3.26 7.33 13.00 24" OC members CSF .68 2.72 6.11 10.90 Hardboard or plastic panel adhesive, on walls 12" OC members CSF 3.11 12.40 28.00 49.80 16" OC members CSF 2.33 9.33 21.00 37.30 20" OC members CSF 1.87 7.46 16.80 29.90 24" OC members CSF 1.56 6.22 14.00 24.90 Craft@Hrs Unit Material Labor Total Labor to apply adhesive to framing members, 1/8" to 1/2" bead diameter, no material included Floor or ceiling joists 12" OC members [email protected] CSF — 2.70 2.70 16" OC members [email protected] CSF — 2.02 2.02 20" OC members [email protected] CSF — 1.87 1.87 24" OC members [email protected] CSF — 1.51 1.51 Interior and exterior wall members 12" OC members [email protected] CSF — 3.61 3.61 16" OC members [email protected] CSF — 3.24 3.24 20" OC members [email protected] CSF — 3.03 3.03 24" OC members [email protected] CSF — 3.03 3.03 Special purpose adhesives Construction adhesive, for counters, cabinets, paneling, brick veneer, ceramic fixtures, shelving, sets in 10 minutes, 10.5 oz cartridge — Ea 2.89 — 2.89 Epoxy-tie adhesive, bonds concrete, fills cracks to 3/4", seals doors and windows, anchor grouting, non-shrink, 22 oz. cartridge — Ea 22.40 — 22.40 Gypsum drywall adhesive, waterproof, bonds to wood, metal, masonry, concrete, 29 oz. cartridge — Ea 4.29 — 4.29

SAMPLE

Adhesives

Craft@Hrs Unit Material Labor Total

18

Latex FRP adhesive, indoor, bonds wood, concrete, drywall, foamboard, trowel grade, gallon — Ea 15.60 — 15.60 Panel insulation adhesive, waterproof, for polyurethane & polystyrene panels, bonds to wood, metal, masonry, concrete, 16 oz — Ea 31.00 — 31.00 Marine adhesive/sealant, 10 oz. — Ea 12.00 — 12.00 Project adhesive, rubber-based, bonds plywood, hardboard fiberglass, drywall, foam board, shelving, ceramic fixtures, 10 minute work time, 10.5 oz cartridge — Ea 2.89 — 2.89

1 quart 1 gallon Unit can can General purpose adhesives Acoustic tile adhesive, solvent base, waterproof, sound deadening type Ea — 20.70 Aliphatic resin woodworking glue Ea 10.10 23.30 Carpet cement, outdoor Ea 12.70 — Professional carpenter’s glue, multi-purpose Ea — 21.20 Contact cement, rubber based, waterproof, bonds veneers to plywood, particleboard, wallboard Ea 17.00 33.90 Gel contact cement Ea 15.40 — Resilient flooring adhesive, latex base, adheres to concrete, plywood, felt, sheet flooring Ea 7.41 18.60 Tile cement, solvent base, ceramic/stone, interior Ea 11.30 28.60


Aggregate Typical prices, 5 mile haul, 24 ton minimum. See also Roofing, Built-up Crushed stone (1.4 tons per CY) 3/8" stone — Ton 23.00 — 23.00 3/4" (Number 3) — Ton 21.90 — 21.90 1-1/2" (Number 2) — Ton 23.00 — 23.00 Crushed slag, typical prices where available 3/4" slag — Ton 14.80 — 14.80 1-1/2" — Ton 15.10 — 15.10 Washed gravel (1.4 tons per CY) 3/4" gravel — Ton 23.00 — 23.00 1-1/2" — Ton 23.10 — 23.10 Fill sand (1.35 tons per CY) — Ton 10.70 — 10.70 Add per ton less than 24 tons — Ton 7.00 — 7.00 Add for delivery over 5 miles, one way — Mile 9.50 — 9.50 Appraisal Fees Costs for determining the value of existing buildings, land, and equipment. Actual fee charged is based on the level of difficulty and the time spent on appraisal plus travel to location and cost of support services, if any. Costs include research and report by a professional state licensed appraiser. Client may request an appraisal on a “fee not to exceed” basis. Fees shown are averages and are not quoted as a percentage of value or contingent on value. The fee for cancelling an appraisal after the inspection is equal to the original appraisal fee.

SAMPLE

Appraisal Fees


19

Single family residences, condominiums, planned unit developments (PUDs). Fees for complex, expensive (over $1 million) or atypical properties or those that require higher licensure than a state license are usually negotiated. Based on square feet of gross living area (excluding the garage). To 2,500 square feet — LS — — 375.00 Over 2,500 SF to 3,500 SF — LS — — 425.00 Over 3,500 SF to 5,000 SF — LS — — 525.00 Over 5,000 SF — LS — — 775.00

Small residential income properties (duplex, triplex, quadriplex) 2 to 4 units — LS — — 675.00

Apartment houses, commercial and industrial buildings To $300,000 valuation — LS — — 3,250.00 Over $300,000 to $1,000,000 valuation — LS — — 4,250.00 Over $1,000,000 to $3,000,000 valuation — LS — — 4,750.00 Over $3,000,000 to $5,000,000 valuation — LS — — 6,000.00

Other services Additional photograph (each) — LS — — 27.50 Outlying area fee — LS — — 55.00 Satisfactory Completion (old Form 442 / new Form 1004d) — LS — — 150.00 Appraisal Update same comps (Form 1004d) — LS — — 300.00 Operating Income Statement (FNMA 216) — LS — — 80.00 SFR Rental Survey (FNMA 1007) — LS — — 80.00 Appraisal review (desk) — LS — — 175.00 Appraisal review (field) — LS — — 375.00 Drive-by appraisal (Form 2055) starting at — LS — — 275.00 Drive-by appraisal (Form 2070/2075) — LS — — 225.00

Machinery (Fee is based on total value of equipment appraised) Additional charges for travel and lodging may be required To $30,000 valuation — LS — — 620.00 Over $30,000 to $100,000 valuation — LS — — 830.00 Over $100,000 to $500,000 valuation — LS — — 1,400.00 Over $500,000 to $1,000,000 valuation — LS — — 1,900.00 Over $1,000,000 to $5,000,000 valuation — LS — — 3,250.00

Court testimony (excluding preparation) — Day — — 1,500.00

Consulting fees are billed at an hourly rate — Hour — — 190.00 Outside of office meetings or court appearance are billed including travel time and expenses round trip, minimum 4 hours. Arbitration and Mediation Fees These are administrative fees paid to the American Arbitration Association (AAA). Rules and fees are subject to change. The AAA’s web site at www.adr.org has current rules and fee information. Fees charged by Construction Dispute Resolution Services (http://www.constructiondisputes-cdrs.com) will usually be less. Arbitrators are chosen from the National Roster of Construction Arbitrators and are paid a fee by the parties. Legal representation, if desired (although not necessary), is at the expense of each party. These fees do not include rental of a hearing room. An initial filing fee is payable in full by a filing party when a claim, counterclaim or additional claim is filed. A case service fee is payable at the time the first hearing is scheduled. This fee will be refunded at the conclusion of the case if no hearings have occurred so long as the Association was notified of cancellation at least 24 hours before the first scheduled hearing. The minimum AAA filing fee for any case having three or more arbitrators is $2,750 plus a $1,000 case service fee.

SAMPLE

Arbitration and Mediation Fees

20

Initial Case Filing Service Unit Fee Fee Claims to $10,000 LS 775.00 200.00 Claims over $10,000 to $75,000 LS 975.00 300.00 Claims over $75,000 to $150,000 LS 1,850.00 750.00 Claims over $150,000 to $300,000 LS 2,800.00 1,250.00 Claims over $300,000 to $500,000 LS 4,350.00 1,750.00 Claims over $500,000 to $1,000,000 LS 6,200.00 2,500.00 Claims over $1,000,000 to $5,000,000 LS 8,200.00 3,250.00 Claims over $5,000,000 to $10,000,000 LS 10,200.00 4,000.00 Claims over $10,000,000 * LS * 6,000.00 No Amount Stated ** LS 3,350.00 1,250.00

* $10 million and above – Base fee is $12,800 plus .01% of the amount of claim above $10 million. Filing fees are capped at $65,000.

**This fee is applicable when a claim or counterclaim is not for a monetary amount. Where a monetary claim is not known, parties will be required to state a range of claims or be subject to the highest possible filing fee.


Mediation, mobile Generally will meet at the offices of the attorneys involved in the dispute. Does not replace legal counsel but is used to maintain equity between the mediating parties. Typical fees. Nonrefundable retainer (half from each party) — Ea — — 321.00 Weekday sessions after the initial consultation — Hr — — 161.00 Nonrefundable retainer for weekend mediation — Ea — — 388.00 Weekend mediation sessions — Hr — — 192.00 Architectural Illustrations Full color painting on watercolor board with matted frame with title and credit on matte. Glass and elaborate framing are extra. Costs for pen and ink illustrations with color Mylar overlay are similar to cost for watercolor illustrations. Typical fees. Custom home, eye level view Simple rendering — LS — — 900.00 Complex rendering — LS — — 1,325.00 Custom home, bird’s eye view Simple rendering — LS — — 1,090.00 Complex rendering — LS — — 1,550.00 Tract homes in groups of five or more (single floor plans, multiple elevations), eye level view Simple rendering — LS — — 535.00 Complex rendering — LS — — 735.00 Tract homes in groups of five or more (single floor plans, multiple elevations), bird’s eye view Simple rendering — LS — — 685.00 Complex rendering — LS — — 1,100.00 Tract homes or condominium project, overall bird’s eye view 10-25 homes or living units — LS — — 3,390.00 Typical commercial structure Eye level view — LS — — 1,490.00 Bird’s eye view — LS — — 1,680.00 Complex commercial structure Eye level view — LS — — 2,200.00 Bird’s eye view — LS — — 2,840.00

SAMPLE

Awnings and Canopies


21

Deduct for pen and ink drawings (no color) — % — — 33.0 Computer generated perspective drawings using CAD system for design studies Custom home — LS — — 575.00 Large condo or apartment projects — LS — — 1,440.00 Tract homes — LS — — 359.00 Commercial structure, line drawing — LS — — 1,080.00 Awnings and Canopies for Doors and Windows Costs for awnings include all hardware. All have adjustable support arms to control angle height and preferred amount of window coverage. For larger size aluminum awnings, price two awnings and add for splice kit below. For commercial grade awnings, see the Industrial and Commercial Division section 10, Specialties. Natural aluminum ribbed awning with clear, weather-resistant finish and 26" arms 36" wide x 30" long [email protected] Ea 63.10 58.70 121.80 48" wide x 30" long [email protected] Ea 81.50 75.30 156.80 60" wide x 30" long [email protected] Ea 101.00 83.80 184.80 72" wide x 30" long [email protected] Ea 114.00 91.90 205.90 Add for door canopy with 17" drop sides — % 50.0 — — Custom colored window awnings in stripes or solids, with baked enamel finish and ventilation panels 30" wide x 24" high [email protected] Ea 102.00 58.70 160.70 36" wide x 36" high [email protected] Ea 154.00 58.70 212.70 48" wide x 48" high [email protected] Ea 260.00 75.70 335.70 48" wide x 60" high [email protected] Ea 368.00 75.70 443.70 60" wide x 72" high [email protected] Ea 403.00 83.80 486.80 72" wide x 72" high [email protected] Ea 552.00 91.50 643.50 Add for splice kit with overlap slats [email protected] Ea 21.30 8.83 30.13 Security roll-up awning with pull cord assembly and folding arms, clear weather-resistant finish. Awning rolls down to cover whole window. 48" long, 24" arms 36" wide [email protected] Ea 195.00 61.60 256.60 48" wide [email protected] Ea 234.00 78.60 312.60 Plastic awning with baked-on acrylic finish, ventilated side panels, and reinforced metal frame, hardware included. 24" drop, 24" projection 36" wide [email protected] Ea 150.00 57.00 207.00 42" wide [email protected] Ea 167.00 63.10 230.10 48" wide [email protected] Ea 192.00 72.80 264.80 60" wide [email protected] Ea 215.00 81.50 296.50 72" wide [email protected] Ea 231.00 89.00 320.00 96" wide [email protected] Ea 293.00 101.00 394.00 Plastic door canopy with 36" projection 42" wide [email protected] Ea 316.00 64.90 380.90 Traditional fabric awning, with waterproof, acrylic duck, colorfast fabric, double stitched seams, and tubular metal framing and pull cord assembly. 24" drop, 24" projection 30" wide [email protected] Ea 53.90 48.70 102.60 36" wide [email protected] Ea 70.80 57.00 127.80 42" wide [email protected] Ea 66.00 64.90 130.90 48" wide [email protected] Ea 77.50 72.80 150.30 Add for 30" drop, 30" projection — % 10.0 20.0 — Cloth canopy patio cover, with front bar and tension support rafters, 9" valance and 8' projection 8' x 10' [email protected] Ea 327.00 73.20 400.20 8' x 15' [email protected] Ea 450.00 73.20 523.20

SAMPLE

Barricades, Construction Safety


22

Barricades, Construction Safety Purchase prices except as noted. See also Equipment Rental in the index.

Heavy Duty Plastic Type I barricade, Engineer Grade Reflectivity, 8” height Top Panel Quantities from 1 - 15 units — Ea 46.00 — 46.00 Quantities from 16 - 31 units — Ea 41.00 — 41.00 Pallet quantities, multiples of 32 units — Ea 38.00 — 38.00

Reflectorized plastic, injected barricade, NCHRP-350 certified meets MUTCD specifications 8" to 12" wide rail, 4" to 6" wide stripes, 40" legs, no light Type I, 2' wide, 3' high, Top panel 12" height, 1 reflectorized rail each side Quantities from 1 - 15 units — Ea 53.00 — 53.00 Quantities from 16 - 31 units — Ea 46.00 — 46.00 Pallet quantities, multiples of 32 units — Ea 41.00 — 41.00 Type II, 2' wide, 3' high, Top panel 8" height, 1 reflectorized rail each side Quantities from 1 - 15 units — Ea 60.50 — 60.50 Quantities from 16 - 31 units — Ea 53.20 — 53.20 Pallet quantities, multiples of 32 units — Ea 48.00 — 48.00 Type III, 4' wide, 5' high, 3 reflectorized rails each side, wood & steel legs Quantities from 1 - 15 units — Ea 115.00 — 115.00 Quantities from 16 - 31 units — Ea 105.00 — 105.00 Pallet quantities, multiples of 32 units — Ea 98.50 — 98.50

Add for lighted units without batteries (batteries last 2 months) Amber lens — Ea 18.80 — 18.80 Red lens — Ea 19.70 — 19.70 Batteries, 6 volt (2 needed) — Ea 4.75 — 4.75

Utility barricade lights, solar powered Utility barricade solar powered lights, compliant with M.U.T.C.D. Specification 6E-5 and ITE Specifications for Flashing / Steady Burn warning light, 180 degree swivel base axis. Utility barricade solar powered lights — Ea 45.00 — 45.00

Miscellaneous signage/traffic control “Road Closed”, reflectorized, 30" x 48", Engineer Grade — Ea 83.60 — 83.60 “Construction Zone”, 4' x 4' high intensity grade — Ea 230.00 — 230.00 High-rise tripod with 3 orange flags — Ea 187.00 — 187.00 Flags — Ea 3.65 — 3.65 Traffic cones, PVC Non-reflectorized type 18" high — Ea 10.80 — 10.80 28" high — Ea 14.70 — 14.70 Reflectorized type 18" high — Ea 11.50 — 11.50 28" high — Ea 19.90 — 19.90 Lane delineator, 42" orange plastic cylinder with 2 reflectors on a 12 pound rubber base — Ea 20.20 — 20.20 Mesh signs, orange, 48" x 48", includes brace and clamp — Ea 66.50 — 66.50 Hand-held traffic paddles, “Stop” and “Slow” — Ea 26.20 — 26.20

ROADCLOSED

SAMPLE

Basement Doors


23

Utility Highway Barricade Rental Lighted units, rental, per day — Ea .35 — .35 Unlighted units, rental per day — Ea .25 — .25 Add for pickup and delivery, per trip — Ea 35.00 — 35.00 Typical labor cost, place and remove any barricade Per use [email protected] Ea — 4.66 4.66 Orange plastic safety fencing Budget, 4' x 50' roll, mesh opening 3" x 1.25" — Ea 26.70 — 26.70 Square mesh, 4' x 50' roll, opening 1.5" x 1.25" — Ea 27.00 — 27.00 Heavy Duty, 4' x 50' roll, opening 1.25" x 1.25" — Ea 61.20 — 61.20 Medium Weight 4' x 100', opening 2" x 2.5" — Ea 39.70 — 39.70 Barricade tape for marking construction sites, landscaping, wet paint Yellow plastic 3" x 1,000', “Caution” — Ea 8.29 — 8.29 Various colors, 3" x 200', “Danger” — Ea 5.68 — 5.68 Basement Doors Good quality 12 gauge primed steel, center opening basement doors. Costs include assembly and installation hardware. No concrete, masonry, anchor placement or finish painting included. Doors (overall dimensions) Classic Series standard, all sizes [email protected] Ea 800.00 123.00 923.00 SLW Series standard, all sizes [email protected] Ea 829.00 123.00 952.00 Ultra Series, [email protected] Ea 1,100.00 123.00 1,223.00 Add for keyed lock [email protected] Ea 97.20 5.77 102.97 Door extensions (available for 19-1/2"H, 55"W, 72"L door only) 6" deep [email protected] Ea 198.00 61.60 259.60 12" deep [email protected] Ea 259.00 61.60 320.60 18" deep [email protected] Ea 323.00 61.60 384.60 Stair stringers, steel, pre-cut for 2" x 10" wood treads (without treads) 32" to 39" stair height [email protected] Ea 93.50 61.60 155.10 48" to 55" stair height [email protected] Ea 118.00 61.60 179.60 56" to 64" stair height [email protected] Ea 131.00 61.60 192.60 65" to 72" stair height [email protected] Ea 147.00 61.60 208.60 73" to 78" stair height [email protected] Ea 203.00 61.60 264.60 81" to 88" stair height [email protected] Ea 220.00 61.60 281.60 89" to 97" stair height [email protected] Ea 235.00 61.60 296.60 Bathroom Accessories Average quality. Better quality brass accessories cost 75% to 100% more. See also Medicine Cabinets and Vanities Cup and toothbrush holder, chrome [email protected] Ea 11.40 9.30 20.70 Cup holder, porcelain, surface mounted [email protected] Ea 7.99 9.30 17.29 Cup, toothbrush & soap holder, recessed [email protected] Ea 30.20 9.30 39.50 Cup, toothbrush holder, polished brass [email protected] Ea 16.10 9.30 25.40 Electrical plates, chrome plated Switch plate, single [email protected] Ea 4.24 6.01 10.25 Switch plate, double [email protected] Ea 5.60 6.01 11.61 Duplex receptacle plate [email protected] Ea 4.24 6.01 10.25 Duplex receptacle and switch [email protected] Ea 5.60 6.01 11.61

SAMPLE

Bathroom Accessories


24

Grab bars Tubular chrome plated, with anchor plates Straight bar, 16" [email protected] Ea 24.90 14.90 39.80 Straight bar, 24" [email protected] Ea 30.20 14.90 45.10 Straight bar, 32" [email protected] Ea 32.90 14.90 47.80 “L”- shaped bar, 16" x 32" [email protected] Ea 76.10 22.40 98.50 Stainless steel, with anchor plates Straight bar, 16" [email protected] Ea 37.60 14.90 52.50 Straight bar, 24" [email protected] Ea 45.30 14.90 60.20 Straight bar, 32" [email protected] Ea 49.10 14.90 64.00 “L”- shaped bar, 16" x 32" [email protected] Ea 106.00 22.40 128.40 Mirrors, stainless steel framed, surface mount, no light or cabinet 16" high x 20" wide [email protected] Ea 60.00 14.60 74.60 18" high x 24" wide [email protected] Ea 69.70 14.60 84.30 18" high x 36" wide [email protected] Ea 107.00 14.60 121.60 24" high x 36" wide [email protected] Ea 125.00 14.60 139.60 48" high x 24" wide [email protected] Ea 154.00 14.60 168.60 Mirrors, wood framed, surface mount, better quality 18" x 29" rectangular [email protected] Ea 74.50 14.60 89.10 20" x 27" oval, oak [email protected] Ea 106.00 14.60 120.60 Robe hook Chrome [email protected] Ea 22.30 9.30 31.60 Double, solid brass [email protected] Ea 21.50 9.30 30.80 Shower curtain rods, chrome plated 60", recessed [email protected] Ea 26.10 26.30 52.40 66", recessed [email protected] Ea 28.70 26.30 55.00 Soap holder, surface mounted, with drain holes Williamsburg, satin chrome [email protected] Ea 53.20 9.30 62.50 Polished brass [email protected] Ea 17.40 9.30 26.70 Facial tissue holder, stainless steel, recessed [email protected] Ea 35.80 9.30 45.10 Toilet tissue roll holder, chrome, recessed [email protected] Ea 16.70 9.30 26.00 Toothbrush holder, chrome, surface mount [email protected] Ea 6.17 9.30 15.47 Towel bars, 3/4" round bar 18" long, chrome [email protected] Ea 13.70 10.10 23.80 24" long, chrome [email protected] Ea 16.20 10.10 26.30 30" long, chrome [email protected] Ea 19.20 10.10 29.30 36" long, chrome [email protected] Ea 21.90 10.10 32.00 18" long, solid brass [email protected] Ea 44.50 10.10 54.60 24" long, solid brass [email protected] Ea 46.80 10.10 56.90 Towel rack, swing-arm, chrome, 3 bars, 12" L [email protected] Ea 15.50 10.10 25.60 Towel rings Williamsburg chrome and brass [email protected] Ea 42.20 10.10 52.30 Williamsburg chrome and porcelain [email protected] Ea 40.30 10.10 50.40 Towel shelf, chrome, 24" L with bar below [email protected] Ea 39.30 10.10 49.40 Heated towel racks, 16” and 24" width, mounted on wall with brackets. Direct wire connection, 700 watt output. Add for electrical work 26" high, 16” wide, standard colors [email protected] Ea 705.00 33.20 738.20 26" high, 24” wide, standard colors [email protected] Ea 750.00 33.20 783.20 26" high, 24” wide, chrome finish [email protected] Ea 2,330.00 33.20 2,363.20

SAMPLE

Beds, Folding


25

35" high, 16” wide, standard colors [email protected] Ea 790.00 39.00 829.00 35" high, 24” wide, standard colors [email protected] Ea 835.00 39.00 874.00 35" high, 24” wide, chrome finish [email protected] Ea 2,790.00 39.00 2,829.00 44" high, 16” wide, standard colors [email protected] Ea 880.00 42.90 922.90 44" high, 24” wide, standard colors [email protected] Ea 930.00 42.90 972.90 44" high, 24” wide, chrome finish [email protected] Ea 3,060.00 42.90 3,102.90 Add for direct wire w/ control panel [email protected] Ea 195.00 3.90 198.90 Add for wall plug in [email protected] Ea 260.00 3.90 263.90 Heated towel rack accessories Programmable control panel [email protected] Ea 250.00 9.76 259.76 Pull out drying racks [email protected] Ea 70.00 9.76 79.76 Robe knobs [email protected] Ea 45.00 5.86 50.86 Towel bar accents with standard colors [email protected] Ea 90.00 5.86 95.86 Towel bar accents with chrome finish [email protected] Ea 121.00 5.86 126.86 Robe knob accents (all styles) [email protected] Ea 209.00 5.86 214.86 Tub or shower chairs Wall-hung elevated fixed seat [email protected] Ea 32.30 29.30 61.60 White adjustable seat [email protected] Ea 60.10 29.30 89.40 Beds, Folding Concealed-in-wall type. Steel framed, folding wall bed system. Bed requires 18-5/8" or 22" deep recess. Includes frame, lift mechanism, all hardware. Installed in framed opening. Padded vinyl headboard. Bed face panel accepts paint, wallpaper, vinyl or laminate up to 1/4" thick. Box spring and mattress not included. Murphy Wall Beds Twin, frames and mechanisms [email protected] Ea 795.00 176.00 971.00 Double, frames and mechanisms [email protected] Ea 832.00 176.00 1,008.00 Queen, frames and mechanisms [email protected] Ea 869.00 176.00 1,045.00 King, frames and mechanisms [email protected] Ea 954.00 176.00 1,130.00 Add for wood-tone melamine cabinet — LS 1,410.00 — 1,410.00 Add for white melamine cabinet — LS 1,250.00 — 1,250.00 Blueprinting (Reproduction only) Assumes original is on semi-transparent drafting paper or film. See also Architectural Illustration and Drafting. Cost per square foot reproduced except as noted. Stapled edge and binder included. Diazo Blueline or blackline prints 1-100 SF — SF — — .20 101-1,000 SF — SF — — .18 1,001-2,000 SF — SF — — .17 2,001-to 3,000 SF — SF — — .16 3,001-4,000 SF — SF — — .09 4,001 SF and higher — SF — — .08 Presentation blackline (heavy paper) — SF — — .50 Sepia — SF — — .76 Mylar — SF — — 2.52 Xerographic prints Vellum — SF — — 1.01 Erasable vellum — SF — — 1.26 Mylar — SF — — 2.52 Enlargements (bond) — SF — — .60 Reductions (bond, per sheet) — Ea — — 2.52

SAMPLE

311

01 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313-335Markup & overhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313Equipment rental rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .323

02 Existing Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335-341Site clearing and demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335Building demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .338

03 Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342-374Excavation for concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342Concrete formwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343Reinforcing steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .349Ready-mix concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .353Concrete assemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .355Concrete finishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .359Precast and tilt-up concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .360Foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .364

04 Masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .374-386Reinforcing and flashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .375Brick and block walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .377Glass block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .384Pavers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385

05 Metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .386-392Structural steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .386Steel floor and roof decking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .388Stairways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .389

06 Wood and Composites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .393-401Framing carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .392Panelized roof & wall systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .396Laminated glued beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .399

07 Thermal & Moisture Protection . . . . . . . . . . .401-416Damproofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .401Thermal insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .401Roof insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .403Membrane roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .405Flashing & sheet metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .406Gutters & downspouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408Fireproofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .411Sealants & caulking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .414

08 Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .416-426Metal doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .416Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .423Glazing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .425

09 Finishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .427-443Gypsum wallboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .427Plastering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .430Metal framed shaft walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .431Ceramic tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .431Ceilings and flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .432Wall coverings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .438Surface prep and painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .439

10 Specialties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .444-453Identifying devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .444Compartments and cubicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .446Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .446Toilet and bath accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .448Postal specialties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .451Flagpoles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .452

11 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453-474Service station equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453Bank equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .456Food service equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .457Educational equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .462

Ecclesiastical equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .464Theater & stage equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .466Athletic equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .468

12 Furnishings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .475-479Window treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .475Cabinets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .476Seating and benches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .478

13 Special Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .480-492Access for the disabled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .480Pre-fab steel buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .484

14 Conveying Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .492-495Elevators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .493Hoists and cranes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .494

21 Fire Suppression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .495-497Sprinkler systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .495Hoses and extinguishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .497

22 Plumbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .498-540Black steel pipe and fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .498Copper pipe & fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .507PVC pipe and fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .510Copper DWV pipe & fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .516ABS DWV pipe & fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .516Hangers and supports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .520Valves, pumps, gauges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .523Cleanouts and drains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .530Plumbing equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .530Sump pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .533Rough-in assemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .534

23 HVAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .540-546Gas fired heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .540Hydronic & steam heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .541

26 Electrical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .546-593Light and power circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .547Rigid steel conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .548EMT conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .550PVC conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .553Conduit hangers & supports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .559Wire and cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .562Boxes, receptacles, switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .566Switchboards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .574Circuit breakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .579Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .587

27 Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .594-599Security & alarm systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .594Computer network cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .597

31 Earthwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .599-613Site grading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .600Trench excavation and backfill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .602Slope protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608Shoring, bulkheads, piles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .609

32 Exterior Improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .614-631Paving and curbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .614Fencing and gates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .622Irrigation systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .623Planting & landscaping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .627

33 Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .631-644Pressure water pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .633Drain pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635Catch basins & manholes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .641

Industrial and Commercial Division ContentsA complete index begins on page 645

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Industrial and Commercial DivisionHourly Labor Costs

The hourly labor costs shown in the column headed "Hourly Cost" have been used to compute the manhour costs for thecrews on pages 8 and 9 and the costs in the "Labor" column on pages 312 to 644 of this book. All figures are in U.S. dollarsper hour.

"Hourly Wage and Benefits" includes the wage, welfare, pension, vacation, apprentice and other mandatory contributions.The "Typical Employer's Burden" is the cost to the contractor for Unemployment Insurance (FUTA), Social Security (FICA)and Medicare, state unemployment insurance, workers' compensation insurance and liability insurance. Tax and insuranceexpense included in these labor-hour costs are itemized in the sections beginning on pages 186 and 288.

These hourly labor costs will apply within a few percent on many jobs. But wages may be much higher or lower on the jobyou are estimating. If the hourly cost on this page is not accurate for your jobs, use the labor cost adjustment procedure onpage 11.

If your hourly labor cost is not known and can't be estimated, use both labor and material figures in this book withoutadjustment. When all material and labor costs have been compiled, multiply the total by the appropriate figure in the areamodification table on pages 12 through 15.

Hourly Wage Typical Employer'sand Benefits Employer Burden Hourly

Craft ($) Burden (%) Per Hour ($) Cost ($)

Air Tool Operator 30.78 35.92% 11.06 41.84Asbestos Worker 37.31 37.17% 20.65 57.96Boilermaker 38.47 36.59% 19.48 57.95Bricklayer 34.74 32.03% 16.88 51.62Bricklayer Tender 26.70 32.03% 13.11 39.81Building Laborer 27.39 32.16% 11.80 39.19Carpenter 34.28 31.06% 16.22 50.50Cement Mason 32.64 33.33% 16.07 48.71Crane Operator 35.23 36.00% 19.35 54.58Drywall Installer 33.96 29.25% 15.68 49.64Electrician 39.47 28.31% 18.10 57.57Elevator Constructor 36.58 27.02% 17.47 54.05Floor Layer 32.81 33.52% 15.49 48.30Glazier 34.54 30.90% 18.33 52.87Iron Worker (Structural) 37.50 47.12% 25.33 62.83Lather 31.42 30.97% 14.70 46.12Marble Setter 34.31 31.06% 16.68 51.17Millwright 34.86 30.94% 16.47 51.33Mosaic & Terrazzo Worker 32.26 31.06% 16.34 48.60

Painter 34.09 30.90% 16.43 50.52Pile Driver 34.56 35.41% 19.57 54.13Pipefitter 39.36 31.25% 19.91 59.27

Plasterer 35.34 33.39% 17.51 52.85Plasterer Helper 29.39 33.39% 13.98 43.37Plumber 40.03 31.25% 20.24 60.27Reinforcing Ironworker 36.58 38.31% 23.86 60.44Roofer 30.52 37.01% 16.85 47.37

Sheet Metal Worker 38.92 30.33% 18.78 57.70Sprinkler Fitter 41.25 29.91% 20.25 61.50Tractor Operator 35.11 35.92% 19.23 54.34Truck Driver 28.46 35.92% 15.18 43.64

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01 General Requirements

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General Contractor’s Markup Costs in this manual do not include the general contractor’s markup. Costs in sections identified as subcontract are representative of prices quoted by subcontractors and include the subcontractor’s markup. See pages 3 through 5 for more on subcontracted work and markup. Typical markup for general contractors handling commercial and industrial projects is shown at the bottom of this page. The two sections that follow, Indirect Overhead and Direct Overhead, give a more detailed breakdown.

Indirect Overhead (home office overhead) This cost, usually estimated as a percentage, is calculated by dividing average annual indirect overhead costs by average annual receipts. Indirect overhead usually doesn’t increase or decrease as quickly as gross volume increases or decreases. Home office expense may be about the same even if annual sales double or drop by one-half or more. The figures below show typical indirect overhead costs per $1,000 of estimated project costs for a general contractor handling $600,000 to $1,000,000 commercial and industrial projects. Indirect overhead costs vary widely but will be about 8% of gross for most profitable firms. Total indirect overhead cost ($20.00 per $1,000 for materials and $60.00 per $1,000 for labor) appears as 2.0% and 6.0% under Total General Contractor’s Markup at the bottom of this page.


Rent, office supplies, utilities, equipment, advertising, etc. — M$ 20.00 — 20.00 Office salaries and professional fees — M$ — 60.00 60.00 General Contractor’s indirect overhead — MM$ 20.00 60.00 80.00

Direct Overhead (job site overhead) The figures below show typical direct overhead costs per $1,000 of a project’s total estimated costs for a general contractor handling a $600,000 to $1,000,000 job that requires 6 to 9 months for completion. Use these figures for preliminary estimates and to check final bids. Add the cost of mobilization, watchmen, fencing, hoisting, permits, bonds, scaffolding and testing. Total direct overhead cost ($14.30 per $1,000 for materials and $58.70 per $1,000 for labor) appears as 1.4% and 5.9% under Total General Contractor’s Markup at the bottom of this page. These costs can be expected to vary and will usually be lower on larger projects. Job supervision — M$ — 44.00 44.00 Truck and fuel for superintendent ($450 per month) — M$ 4.50 — 4.50 Temporary power, light and heat ($250 per month) — M$ 2.50 — 2.50 Temporary water ($100 per month) — M$ 1.00 — 1.00 Cellular phone ($50 per month) — M$ .50 — .50 Job site toilets ($100 per month) — M$ 1.00 — 1.00 Job site office trailer 8' x 30' ($150 per month) — M$ 1.50 — 1.50 Storage bin and tool shed 8' x 24' ($80 per month) — M$ .80 — .80 Job site cleanup & debris removal ($300 per month) — M$ — 3.00 3.00 Job signs & first aid equipment ($50 per month) — M$ .50 — .50 Small tools, supplies ($200 per month) — M$ 2.00 — 2.00 Taxes and insurance on wages (at 24.9%) — M$ — 11.70 11.70 Total General Contractor’s direct overhead — M$ 14.30 58.70 73.00

Total General Contractor’s Markup Typical costs for commercial and industrial projects. Indirect overhead (home office overhead) — % 2.0 6.0 8.0 Direct overhead (job site overhead) — % 1.4 5.9 7.3 Contingency (allowance for unknown conditions) — % — — 2.0 Profit (varies widely, mid-range shown) — % — — 7.5 Total General Contractor’s markup — % — — 24.8

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Project Financing Construction loans are usually made for a term of up to 18 months. The maximum loan will be based on the value of the land and building when completed. Typically this maximum is 75% for commercial, industrial and apartment buildings and 77.5% for tract housing. The initial loan disbursement will be about 50% of the land cost. Periodic disbursements are based on the percentage of completion as verified by voucher or inspection. The last 20% of loan proceeds is disbursed when an occupancy permit is issued. Fund control fees cover the cost of monitoring disbursements. Typical loan fees, loan rates and fund control fees are listed below. Loan origination fee, based on amount of loan Tracts — % — — 2.5 Apartments — % — — 2.0 Commercial, industrial buildings — % — — 3.0 Loan interest rate, prime rate plus Tracts, commercial, industrial — % — — 2.0 Apartments — % — — 1.5 Fund control fees (costs per $1,000 disbursed) To $100,000 — LS — — 800.00 Over $100,000 to $300,000, $800 plus — M$ — — 3.00 Over $300,000 to $500,000, $1,340 plus — M$ — — 2.25 Over $500,000 to $1,000,000, $1,790 plus — M$ — — 2.00 Over $1,000,000 to $7,000,000, $2,795 plus — M$ — — .90 Over $7,000,000, $8,195 plus — M$ — — .75 Project Scheduling by CPM (Critical Path Method). Includes consultation, review of construction documents, development of construction logic, and graphic schedule. Project scheduling software can be purchased for home use. Costs typically will be between $1,000.00 and $2,500.00 Wood frame buildings, one or two stories Simple schedule — LS — — 869.00 Complex schedule — LS — — 2,090.00 Tilt-up concrete buildings, 10,000 to 50,000 SF Simple schedule — LS — — 1,180.00 Complex schedule — LS — — 1,780.00 Two to five story buildings (mid rise) Simple schedule — LS — — 2,150.00 Complex schedule — LS — — 3,050.00 Five to ten story buildings (high rise) Simple schedule — LS — — 3,480.00 Complex schedule — LS — — 8,740.00 Manufacturing plants and specialized use low rise buildings Simple schedule — LS — — 1,550.00 Complex schedule — LS — — 2,140.00 Comprehensive schedules to meet government or owner specifications may cost 20% to 40% more. Daily schedule updates can increase costs by 40% to 50%. Sewer Connection Fees Check with the local sanitation district for actual charges. These costs are typical for work done by city or county crews and include excavation, re-compaction and repairs to the street. Note that these costs are set by local government and will vary widely. These costs do not include capacity fees or other charges which are often levied on connection to new construction. The capacity fee per living unit may be $3,000 or more. For commercial buildings, figure 20 fixture units equal one living unit. A 6" sewer connection will be required for buildings that include more than 216 fixture units. (Bathtubs, showers and sinks are 2 fixture units, water closets are 4, clothes washers are 3 and lavatories are 1.) The costs shown assume that work will be done by sanitation district crews. Similar work done by a private contractor under a public improvement permit may cost 50% less.

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Typical charges based on main up to 11' deep and lateral up to 5' deep. 4" connection and 40' run to main in street — LS — — 1,730.00 4" pipe runs over 40' to street — LF — — 39.00 6" connection and 40' run to main in street — LS — — 2,810.00 6" pipe runs over 40' to street — LF — — 66.60 4" connection and 15' run to main in alley — LS — — 1,250.00 6" connection and 15' run to main in alley — LS — — 2,020.00 Manhole cut-in — Ea — — 343.00 Add for main depths over 5' Over 5' to 8' — % — — 30.0 Over 8' to 11' — % — — 60.0 Over 11' — % — — 100.0 Water Meters Check with the local water district for actual charges. These costs are typical for work done by city or county crews and include excavation and pipe to 40' from the main, meter, vault, re-compaction and repairs to the street. These costs do not include capacity fees or other charges which are often levied on connection to new construction. The capacity fee per living unit is typically $5,000. For commercial buildings, figure 20 fixture units equal one living unit. (Bathtubs, showers and sinks are 2 fixture units, water closets are 4, clothes washers are 3 and lavatories are 1.) The cost for discontinuing service will usually be about the same as the cost for starting new service, but no capacity fee will be charged. Add the backflow device and capacity fee, if required. 1" service, 3/4" meter — LS — — 2,870.00 1" service, 1" meter — LS — — 2,960.00 Add for 1" service per LF over 40' — LF — — 68.40 2" service, 1-1/2" meter — LS — — 3,310.00 2" service, 2" meter — LS — — 3,440.00 Add for 2" service per LF over 40' — LF — — 73.70 Two 2" service lines and meter manifold — LS — — 5,440.00 Add for two 2" lines per LF over 40' — LF — — 100.00 Hydrant meter, typical deposit is $1,000 to $2,000, typical water cost is $5 per 1,000 gallons Rental per day — Day — — 12.10 Installation of meter only. Connected to existing water service if correct size line exists from the water main to the meter box location 3/4" meter — LS — — 126.00 1" x 3/4" meter — LS — — 120.00 1" meter — LS — — 143.00 1-1/2" meter — LS — — 463.00 2" meter — LS — — 674.00 2" meter (double line) — LS — — 1,190.00 Backflow preventer with single check valve. Includes pressure vacuum breaker (PVB), two ball valves, one air inlet and one check valve 1" pipe — LS — — 285.00 2" pipe — LS — — 561.00 Backflow preventer with double check valves. Includes pressure vacuum breaker (PVB), two ball or gate valves, one air inlet and two check valves 3/4" pipe — LS — — 373.00 1" pipe — LS — — 391.00 1-1/2" pipe — LS — — 457.00 2" pipe — LS — — 612.00 Reduced pressure backflow preventer. Includes pressure reducing vacuum breaker (PRVB), two ball or gate valves, one air inlet and two check valves and a relief valve 1" pipe — LS — — 989.00 2" pipe — LS — — 1,200.00 Two 2" pipes (double installation) — LS — — 2,370.00

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Surveying Surveying party, 2 or 3 technicians Typical cost — Day — — 1,270.00 Higher cost — Day — — 1,630.00 Data reduction and drafting — Hr — — 77.10

Surveys Including wood hubs or pipe markers as needed. These figures assume that recorded monuments are available adjacent to the site. Residential lot, tract work, 4 corners — LS — — 767.00 Residential lot, individual, 4 corners — LS — — 1,310.00 Commercial lot, based on 30,000 SF lot — LS — — 1,410.00 Over 30,000 SF, add per acre — Acre — — 224.00 Lots without recorded markers cost more, depending on distance to the nearest recorded monument. Add up to — % — — 104.0

Some states require that a corner record be prepared and filed with the county surveyor’s office when new monuments are set. The cost of preparing and filing a corner record will be about $350.00 to $400.00. Aerial Mapping Typical costs based on a scale of 1" to 40'. Back up ground survey including flagging model — Ea — — 3,770.00 (Typical “model” is approximately 750' by 1,260' or 25 acres) Aerial photo flight, plane and crew, per local flight. One flight can cover several adjacent models Per local flight — Ea — — 462.00 Vertical photos (2 required per model) — Ea — — 50.30 Data reduction and drafting, per hour — Hr — — 70.40 Complete survey with finished drawing, per model, including both field work and flying Typical cost per model — Ea — — 3,870.00 Deduct if ground control is marked on the ground by others Per model — LS — — –1,000.00 Typical mapping cost per acre including aerial control, flight and compilation Based on 25 acre coverage — Acre — — 181.00 Aerial photos, oblique (minimum 4 per job), one 8" x 10" print Black and white — Ea — — 50.30 Color — Ea — — 101.00 Quantitative studies for earthmoving operations to evaluate soil quantities moved Ground control and one flight — Ea — — 3,170.00 Each additional flight — Ea — — 2,160.00 Engineering Fees Typical billing rates. Registered engineers (calculations, design and drafting) Assistant engineer — Hr — — 88.60 Senior engineer — Hr — — 151.00 Principal engineers (cost control, project management, client contact) Assistant principal engineer — Hr — — 159.00 Senior principal engineer — Hr — — 213.00 Job site engineer (specification compliance) — Hr — — 88.70

Estimating Cost Compiling detailed labor and material cost estimate for commercial and industrial construction, in percent of job cost. Actual fees are based on time spent plus cost of support services. Most types of buildings, typical fees Under $100,000 (range of .75 to 1.5%) — % — — 1.1 Over $100,000 to $500,000 (range of .5 to 1.25%) — % — — 0.9 Over $500,000 to $1,000,000 (range of .5 to 1.0%) — % — — 0.8 Over $1,000,000 (range of .25 to .75%) — % — — 0.5

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Complex, high-tech, research or manufacturing facilities or other buildings with many unique design features, typical fees Under $100,000 (range of 2.3 to 3%) — % — — 2.7 Over $100,000 to $500,000 (range of 1.5 to 2.5%) — % — — 2.0 Over $500,000 to $1,000,000 (range of 1.0 to 2.0%) — % — — 1.5 Over $1,000,000 (range of .5 to 1.0%) — % — — 0.8 Typical estimator’s fee per hour — Hr — — 45.00

Specifications Fee Preparing detailed construction specifications to meet design requirements for commercial and industrial buildings, in percent of job cost. Actual fees are based on time spent plus cost of support services, if any. Typical fees for most jobs — % — — 0.5 Small or complex jobs Typical cost — % — — 1.0 High cost — % — — 1.5 Large jobs or repetitive work Typical cost — % — — 0.2 High cost — % — — 0.5 Job Layout Setting layout stakes for the foundation from monuments identified on the plans and existing on site. Per square foot of building first floor area. Typical costs. Actual costs will be based on the time required. Smaller or more complex jobs — SF — — .90 Large job, easy work — SF — — .57 General Non-Distributable Supervision and Expense Project manager, typical — Mo — — 6,720.00 Job superintendent — Mo — — 5,210.00 Factory representative — Day — — 803.00 Timekeeper — Mo — — 2,160.00 Job site engineer for layout — Mo — — 4,020.00 Office manager — Mo — — 2,430.00 Office clerk — Mo — — 1,790.00 Mobilization Typical costs for mobilization and demobilization within a 50 mile radius as a percent of total contract price. Includes cost of moving general contractor-owned equipment and job office to the site, setting up a fenced material yard, and removing equipment, office and fencing at job completion. Allow, as a percentage of total contract price — % — — 0.5 Aggregate Testing Add for sample prep — Hr — — 50.30 Abrasion, L.A. Rattler, 100/500 cycles, ASTM C 131 — Ea — — 123.00 Absorption, ASTM C 127, 128 — Ea — — 60.90 Acid solubility — Ea — — 35.60 Aggregate test for mix design, including sieve analysis, specific gravity, number 200 wash, organic impurities — Ea — — 50.30 Clay lumps and friable particles, ASTM C 142 — Ea — — 67.00 Coal and lignite, ASTM C 123 — Ea — — 107.00 Material finer than #200 sieve, ASTM C 117 — Ea — — 41.60 Organic impurities, ASTM C 40 — Ea — — 52.80 Percent crushed particles, CAL 205 — Ea — — 70.00 Percent flat or elongated particles, CRD C 119 — Ea — — 112.00 Potential reactivity, chemical method, 3 determinations per series, ASTM C 289 — Ea — — 352.00 Potential reactivity, mortar bar method, ASTM C 227 — Ea — — 335.00

SAMPLE



318

Sieve analysis, pit run aggregate — Ea — — 70.00 Lightweight aggregate ASTM C 123 — Ea — — 78.20 Sand equivalent — Ea — — 89.30 Sieve analysis, processed (each size), ASTM C 136 — Ea — — 81.20 Soft particles, ASTM C 235 — Ea — — 70.00 Soundness, sodium or magnesium, 5 cycle, per series, ASTM C 88 — Ea — — 151.00 Specific gravity, coarse, ASTM C 127 — Ea — — 60.90 Specific gravity, fine, ASTM C 127 — Ea — — 84.20 Unit weight per cubic foot, ASTM C 29 — Ea — — 35.60 Asphaltic Concrete Testing Minimum fee is usually $40.00. Asphaltic concrete core drilling, field or laboratory Per linear inch — Ea — — 5.08 Add for equipment and technician for core drilling — Hr — — 71.10 Asphaltic core density — Ea — — 25.40 Extraction, percent asphalt (Method B), excluding ash correction, ASTM D 2172 — Ea — — 60.90 Gradation on extracted sample (including wash), ASTM C 136 — Ea — — 76.20 Maximum density, lab mixed, Marshall, 1559 — Ea — — 178.00 Maximum density, premixed, Marshall, 1559 — Ea — — 127.00 Maximum theoretical unit weight (Rice Gravity), ASTM 2041 — Ea — — 76.20 Penetration, ASTM D 5 — Ea — — 60.90 Stability, lab mixed, Marshall, ASTM D 1559 — Ea — — 254.00 Stability, premixed, Marshall, ASTM D 1559 — Ea — — 153.00 Concrete Testing Minimum fee is usually $40.00. Aggregate tests for concrete mix designs only, including sieve analysis, specific gravity, number 200 wash, organic impurities, weight per cubic foot Per aggregate size — Ea — — 73.10 Amend or re-type existing mix designs Not involving calculations — Ea — — 42.60 Compression test, 2", 4", or 6" cores (excludes sample preparation) ASTM C 42 — Ea — — 37.60 Compression test, 6" x 12" cylinders, including mold ASTM C 39 — Ea — — 13.20 Core cutting in laboratory — Ea — — 42.60 Cylinder pickup within 40 miles of laboratory Cost per cylinder (minimum of 3) — Ea — — 9.14 Flexure test, 6" x 6" beams, ASTM C 78 — Ea — — 53.80 Laboratory trial, concrete batch, ASTM C 192 — Ea — — 350.00 Length change (3 bars, 4 readings, up to 90 days) ASTM C 157 modified — LS — — 243.00 Additional readings, per set of 3 bars — LS — — 37.60 Storage over 90 days, per set of 3 bars, per month — Mo — — 37.60 Modulus of elasticity test, static, ASTM C 469 — Ea — — 74.10 Mix design, determination of proportions — Ea — — 80.20 Pick up aggregate sample Within 40 mile radius of laboratory, per trip — Ea — — 47.70 Pickup or delivery of shrinkage molds, per trip — Ea — — 32.50 Prepare special strength documentation for mix design — Ea — — 90.30

SAMPLE



319

Proportional analysis, cement factor and percent of aggregate Per analysis — Ea — — 233.00 Review mix design prepared by others — Ea — — 69.00 Splitting tensile, 6" x 12" cylinder, ASTM C 496 — Ea — — 32.50 Weight per cubic foot determination of lightweight concrete cylinders — Ea — — 6.09

Masonry and Tile Testing Brick, ASTM C 67 Modulus of rupture (flexure) or compressive strength — Ea — — 27.40 Absorption initial rate, 5 hour or 24 hour — Ea — — 22.30 Boil, 1, 2, or 5 hours — Ea — — 22.30 Efflorescence — Ea — — 27.40 Dimensions, overall, coring, shell and web — Ea — — 22.30 Compression of core — Ea — — 37.60 Cores, shear, 6" and 8" diameter, 2 faces, per core — Ea — — 47.70 Coefficient of friction (slip test) — Ea — — 85.20 Concrete block, ASTM C 140 Moisture content as received — Ea — — 22.30 Absorption — Ea — — 27.40 Compression — Ea — — 32.50 Shrinkage, modified British, ASTM C 426 — Ea — — 69.00 Compression, 4", 6", 8" cores — Ea — — 37.60 Fireproofing, oven dry density — Ea — — 32.50 Gunite Compression, 2", 4", 6" cores, ASTM C 42 — Ea — — 37.60 Pickup gunite field sample (40 mile trip maximum) — Ea — — 53.80 Building stone Compression — Ea — — 32.50 Flex strength — Ea — — 32.50 Modules/rupture — Ea — — 32.50 Specific gravity — Ea — — 32.50 Water absorption — Ea — — 32.50 Masonry prisms, ASTM E 447 Compression test, grouted prisms — Ea — — 138.00 Pickup prisms, within 40 miles of lab — Ea — — 37.60 Mortar and grout, UBC Standard 24-22 & 24-28 Compression test, 2" x 4" mortar cylinder — Ea — — 18.30 Compression test, 3" x 6" grout prisms — Ea — — 24.30 Compression test, 2" cubes, ASTM C 109 — Ea — — 47.70 Roof fill, lightweight ASTM C 495 Compression test — Ea — — 22.30 Density — Ea — — 16.30 Roofing tile Roofing tile breaking strength, UBC — Ea — — 22.30 Roofing tile absorption — Ea — — 22.30

Reinforcement Testing Sampling at fabricator’s plant (within 40 miles of lab), $50.00 minimum During normal business hours, per sample — Ea — — 18.30 Other than normal business hours, per sample — Ea — — 27.40 Tensile test, mechanically spliced bar — Ea — — 102.00 Tensile test, number 11 bar or smaller, ASTM 615 — Ea — — 26.40

SAMPLE

645

A

Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Abrasion testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . .317Abrasive

anti-skid strip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .286concrete finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . .359stair treads . . . . . . . . . . . . .222, 436terrazzo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .436

ABSbungalow fitting . . . . . . . . . . . . .518bushing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .520cap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .520cleanout adapter . . . . . . . . . . . .520cleanout tee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .519closet flange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .519coupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .517double sanitary tee . . . . . . . . . .518double wye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .518elbow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .517female adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . .519floor drains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .520male adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .519P-trap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .520return bend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .520sanitary tee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .518soil pipe adapter . . . . . . . . . . . .520test cap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .519test tee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .519trap adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .520wye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .518

ABS-DWV pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .516cleanout plug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .520

Absorption testing . . . . . . . . . . . . .317Access

control units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .595disabled persons . . . . . . . . . . . .480fitting, PVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .555flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .437handicapped . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .480hatches, sheet metal . . . . . . . . .269stairs, folding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287

Access doorsattic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269foundation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295louver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255, 529plumbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255, 529sheet metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .422tub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .270wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .270

Access points, wireless . . . . .130, 464Access ramps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .480Accessories

glass block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219water heater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .531

Accordion folding doors . . . . . . . .447Accordion folding partitions . . . . .447Acetone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240Acid cleaning

concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .360etching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .471masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .374wash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .374

Acid etching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .441Acid-proof brick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .378Acid-resistant countertops . . . . . .477Acoustical

adhesive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .383ceiling panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81design fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .446privacy testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134tile, demolition . . . . . . . . . .100, 339

ACQ-compatible flashing . . .271, 273ACQ-treated lumber . . . . . . . . . . .203Acrovyn wall cover . . . . . . . . . . . .448Acrylic

diffusers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .587latex caulk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77tub and shower . . . . . . . . . . . . .538waterproofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185

Acrylic-urethane foam roof . . . . . .405Actuating devices, garage doors .164

ACZA treatment, lumber . . . . . . . .208ADA

handicapped access . . . . . . . . .480signage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .445

AdaptersABS cleanout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .520ABS female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .519ABS male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .519ABS soil pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .520ABS trap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .520copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .508CPVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .512drain pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126DWV trap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .516Poly pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .626

Additivescoloring . . . . . . . .85, 220, 353, 359concrete . . . . . . . . . . . .85, 353, 359

Add-on boiler modules . . . . . . . . .583Address systems, public . . . . . . . .597Adhesives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

acoustical ceiling tile . . . . . . . . .433ceramic tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18, 432flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . .18, 154, 159modified bitumen . . . . . . . . . . . .260permanent bond . . . . . . . . . . . .260roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259-260tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .291, 292wallpaper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296wood flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159

Administrative overhead . . . . . . . .210Admixtures

coloring . . . . . . . . . . . .85, 220, 359concrete . . . . . . . . . . . .85, 353, 359

Adobe block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218Aerators, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .330Aerial

equipment rental . . . . . . . . . . . .327mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .316photographs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .316platform rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . .327

Aggregate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18, 94base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84exposed, concrete . . . . . . . . . . .620finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .359paving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .614roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258seeded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .317

Air brooms, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . .330Air compressor

rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139, 323service station . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453

Air conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180heat pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128

Air curtain heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . .541Air curtains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .421Air eliminator vent . . . . . . . . . . . . .543Air eliminator-purger . . . . . . . . . . .173Air exhausters

exhaust hood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .459fans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142, 411

Air filter system, central . . . . . . . . .177Air hammer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .601Air handler, residential . . . . . . . . . .180Air hose

reel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .323

Air tool operator wage . . . . . . . . . .312Air tools

demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .338earthwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138pneumatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .323

Airless paint sprayer . . . . . . . . . . .241Alabaster tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .291Alarm

access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .437circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .547systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .594, 596systems, electrical work . . . . . . .128valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .496wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128, 267

Alarmsbank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .456fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267smoke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267

Alcohol paint thinner . . . . . . . . . . .240Aliphatic resin glue . . . . . . . . . . . . .18All-season storm doors . . . . . . . . .114Altars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .466Aluminum

breaks, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .332cladding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .404coating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259concrete-imbedded . . . . . . . . . .486conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .557cupola roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97curtain wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .422downspouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408fence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148flagpoles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .452flashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .270, 407foil insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184gutters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .445louvers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80metal work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .391ornamental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .391oxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .359patio doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121pet doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122railing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .389roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .404sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .407siding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279, 405stairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .284tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .432vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .410

Americans with Disabilities (ADA access) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .480

Ammeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .576Ammonium sulfate . . . . . . . . . . . .628Anchor bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58

foundation . . . . . . . . . . . . .159, 364templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .344tilt-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .364, 367

Anchoring, display shelving . . . . .489Anchors

chimney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159conduit hanger . . . . . . . . . . . . . .559embedded steel . . . . . . . . . . . . .376foundation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .375, 561timber connectors . . . . . . . . . . .159

Andersen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120-121Angle

bracket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .520clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159flashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221iron, fireplace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151sill, steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .390stops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .526supports, pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . .521valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .526

Annunciator panel . . . . . . . . . . . . .596Anodizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .391Antenna

cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130remote high gain . . . . . . . . . . . .130

Anti-siphon vacuum breakers . . . .174Anti-skid strips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .286Appliance dolly, rental . . . . . . . . . .332Appliances

cabinets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255dishwashers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251garbage disposers . . . . . . . . . . .250ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257-258rough-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255solar water heaters . . . . . . . . . .252water heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251water softeners . . . . . . . . . . . . .252wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128

Appraisal fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18Apprentice costs included . . . . . . . .3

Apronconcrete driveway . . . . . . . . . . .619window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

Arbitrationfees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19mobile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

Archaid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189Archbead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189, 430Architectural

drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126form lining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .345screens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .391, 410shingles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260-261signage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .445

Area lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .593Area modification factors . . . . . .12-15

how to use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Area walls, sheet metal . . . . . . . . .270Arks, church . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .464Armed guard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268Armstrong

ceiling tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .432flooring . . . . . . . . . . . .152-154, 434

Arquati Roma, awnings . . . . . . . . .475Arrow board, rental . . . . . . . . . . . .328Art glass, ecclesiastical . . . . . . . . .475Asbestos

containment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341pipe insulation removal . . . . . . .341removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

Asbestos worker, wage . . . . . . . . .312As-built drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126Ash

drop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151dumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154urns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .478

Ash wood, flooring . . . . . . . .155, 158Ashtray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .478Asphalt

access road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .615built-up roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258coatings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259cold milling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .615curb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .614dampproofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . .401emulsion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .384felt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26, 405milling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .615mix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .262parking lot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .615paving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245, 614paving, demolition . . . . . . . . . . .102primer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .471recycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .615roll sheathing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27roof coating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260sawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .374sheathing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183shingles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261slurry seal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .614speed bumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .614tack coat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .614tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .434walks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .620waterproofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .401

Asphalt cutters, rental . . . . . . . . . .323Asphalt-fiberglass shingles . . . . . .261Asphaltic concrete testing . . . . . . .318Assemblies

brick wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211, 377ceiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33floor slab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .356framing, door opening . . . . . . . . .43framing, window openings . . . . .44interior walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34plumbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . .534, 536ramps, landings, for handicapped . . . . . . . . . . . .480

roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

Index

SAMPLE

646

steel framing, door opening . . . .65steel framing, window opening . .66wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34wall, brick . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211, 377

Astragal moulding .109, 225, 417, 425Astro dial switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . .569Athletic

benches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .470court, striping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .471court, surface prep . . . . . . . . . .471equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .470equipment, swimming pools . . .480field marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .220fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .469gym equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . .468

ATM machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .457Attachments, crane, rental . . . . . .325Attic

access doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269fans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128fans, belt drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141gable vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141stairs, folding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .294

Audiodetectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .594

Audio-visual equipment, school . .462Auditorium

acoustic design fees . . . . . . . . .134seating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .478

Auger holescaissons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .613post holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .622

Augersrental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .330toilet, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .331

Auto hoist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .454Automatic gates . . . . . . . . . . . . . .166Awning windows

aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .305vinyl-clad wood . . . . . . . . . . . . .303

Awnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21canopy-type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .476commercial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .475fabric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21lean-to type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .476motorized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .476security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

B

Baby changing stations . . . . . . . .451Backbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .461Backboard, plywood . . . . . . . . . . .464Backer board

gypsum drywall . . . . . . . . . . . . .168tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293

Backer rod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .617Backer strip, steel framing . . . . . . .69Backfill

concrete excavation . . . . . . . . . .342earthwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136tilt-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .365trench . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603, 624

Backflowpreventers . . . . . . . . .526, 624, 632valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315

Backhoesexcavation . . . . . . . . . . . . .137, 604rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138, 325trenching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .602

Backingcarpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47clay tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .377finish carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51rods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .415steel framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69

Backsplash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96Backstops, baseball . . . . . . . . . . .623Balance beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .471Balancing valves . . . . . . . . . .174, 544Ball cleaning sewer mains . . . . . .636Ball joint, pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .527Ball valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .527Ballista range hood . . . . . . . . . . . .257Balusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .285

painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242, 442Bamboo

baseboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157

stairnose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158threshold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158

Band moulding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224Band saws, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . .331Bank equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . .456

alarm system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .456camera surveillance . . . . . . . . . .456

Bardoors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118sinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .249

Barbed wire fence . . . . . . . . . . . . .143Barracks

manufactured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .484mining camp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .484

Barricadehighway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .620lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22roadway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22temporary enclosures . . . . . . . .334

Barrier, egress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .491Barrier posts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .456Barrier tapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .321Bars

bath accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . .24masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .349, 375reinforcing steel . . . . . . . . . .89, 349welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .352

Baseasphalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245ceramic tile . . . . . . . . .293, 377, 431column . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .391course, paving . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154hardwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224marble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385MDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228post . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163resilient flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . .154screed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189, 430sheet, fiberglass . . . . . . . . . . . . .260slab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94

Base wagesindustrial & commercial . . . . . . .312residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Baseball backstops . . . . . . . . . . . .623Baseboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55

bamboo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158MDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228

Baseboard heatingelectric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .541radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .543radiators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176

Basementdoors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23stairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .284storm window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .304

Basic wage cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Basketweave fence . . . . . . . . . . . .147Bath accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . .448

ceramic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .290ceramic tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .292compartments . . . . . . . . . .446, 538doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .274enclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .275fans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142shower and tub doors . . . . . . . .274shower cabinets . . . . . . . . . . . . .538vanities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293

Bath exhaust fan . . . . . . . . . .139-140accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141ceiling blower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139Exhaust Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140Heat-A-Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141heater, ceiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141QuieTTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141timer switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141ValueTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140vent kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141with heater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141with heater, infrared . . . . . . . . . .140with light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140

Bath fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . .536, 538Bathroom

accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23cabinets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293fan wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128fans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139-141sinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .249, 538

vanities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293wallboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168

Baths, steam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287Bathtubs . . . . . . . . . . . .247, 536, 538

ADA compliant . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248caulk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .274enameled cast iron . . . . . . . . . .247enameled steel . . . . . . . . . . . . .247fiberglass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247recessed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247rough-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .536seat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25walk-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248whirlpool tub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247

Battens, lumber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224Batts, insulation . . . . . . . . . . .181, 401Bay vent channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295Bay window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .301

roof cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .306Bead

lath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .429lath & plaster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189moulding . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225, 228

Beadex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169Beam clamps, piping . . . . . . . . . .521Beams

applied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .393ceiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45clamps, conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . .560collar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343, 348formwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343, 348grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93laminated timbers . . . . . . . . . . .399log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194lumber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .202LVL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .400precast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .362ridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194shoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .348steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .386steel collar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

Bearing capacity test . . . . . . . . . .282Bearing ratio, soil testing . . . . . . .320Bed bumpers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .448Bed moulding . . . . . . . . . . . .226, 228Beds

concealed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25folding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

Beehive climber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .471Beehive grate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .642Bell footings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .613Bell wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104Bell wiring, electrical work . . . . . . .128Bellows, pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .527Bells

door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104fire alarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .596

Belt conveyors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .495Benches

athletic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .470bus stop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .483church . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .464locker room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .478park . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .478stadium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .478

Benderboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188Benefits, fringe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312Bentonite

granules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358waterproofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296

Berber carpet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76Bevel siding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200Beveled glass doors . . . . . . . . . . .107Beverage dispenser . . . . . . . . . . .462Bicycle racks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .479Bidets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .249Bi-fold doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124-125

hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125mirrored . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125

Bike post bollard . . . . . . . . . . . . . .479Bin, trash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335Birch

doors . . . . . . . . . .106, 115-116, 119paneling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244plywood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205

Bird screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .410Birdstop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .265Bitumen adhesive, modified . . . . .260

Bituminouspaving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245, 616paving, removal . . . . . . . . . . . . .335prime coat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .614roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258, 405

Black steel pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .498Blanket insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . .184Blasting

excavation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .600sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .375water . . . . .241, 266, 336, 375, 441

Bleachers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .468, 478Blinds

roll-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .299Venetian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .299vertical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .299

Blockadobe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215, 381core fill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215, 381demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .339detailed concrete . . . . . . . .215, 381filler, acrylic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158frieze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .394glass building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215, 381painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242, 441pier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39sawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373walls, concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215

Block filler, painting . . . . . . . . . . . .441Blocking

carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .393finish carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51fireblocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45sheathing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .395steel floor joists . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61

Blockout formscast-in-place slabs . . . . . . . . . . .344tilt-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .364

Blockouts, concrete . . . . . . . . . . .345Blood storage refrigerators . . . . . .474Blowers

exhaust hood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .459fans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142fireplace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .540

Blown-in insulation . . . . . . . .184, 402Blue Board insulation . . . . . . . . . .182Bluegrass seeding . . . . . . . . . . . .629Blueprinting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25Board

insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181sheathing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

Boardsforming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88lumber . . . . . . . . . . . . .195, 197-199sheathing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208

Bobcats, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .326Boilermaker, wage . . . . . . . . . . . . .312Boilers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .583

expansion tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .370modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .583

Bollardsbicycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .479cast iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .620granite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .621

Bolt cutters, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . .331Bolts

anchor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58carriage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234foundation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159lag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234tilt-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .364

Bond breaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358tilt-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .367

Bonding agentsadhesives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17, 18flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259, 406

Bonds, insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . .185Bookcases, painting . . . . . . . . . . .243Boomlifts, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . .327Boring

caissons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .613soil testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .282under walkways . . . . . . . . . . . . .624

SAMPLE

647

Bottom track, steel framing . . . . . . .73Bow windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307Box nails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229Boxes

electrical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .566junction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .568outlet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128, 566pull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .567switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .624

Bracestilt-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .366trench, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .326wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164

Bracingbulkheads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .610carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44, 393steel framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67temporary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44, 67trenches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .610trenches, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . .326

Brads, nails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231Braille signage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .445

elevator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .483Branch circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .578Brass

fabrications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .391railing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .389storm doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114

Bread slicer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .460Breaker

bond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .576-577paving, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .323vacuum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315, 623

Breaking, demolition . . . . . . .104, 338Brewer, coffee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .462Brick

acid-proof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .378artificial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245chemical-resistant . . . . . . . . . . .378cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .374Colonial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211commercial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212common . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .377cutting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . .100, 338face brick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .377firebrick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221jumbo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212manhole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .643masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211, 377mini . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213mission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214modular . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211-212mold flashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271molding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108mortar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211moulding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224Norman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211-212Padre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242paving . . . . . . . .217, 245, 385, 617plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385pointing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .375sandblasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266sawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211-212steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319veneer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211, 377

Bricklayer, wageindustrial & commercial . . . . . . .312residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Bricklayer’s helper, wage, residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Bridge, pedestrian . . . . . . . . . . . . .491Bridging

carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41I-Joist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160joist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160, 393steel floor joists . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61tension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160

Broan Manufacturing . . .140-141, 257Broiler, food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .459Bronze fabrications . . . . . . . . . . . .391Broom finish, concrete . . . . . .95, 359

Brown coat plaster . . . . . . . .246, 430Brush

chippers, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . .330cutters, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .330hogs, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .330removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137, 599

Brush finish, concrete . . . . . . . . . . .95Brush painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440Bucket, clamshell, rental . . . . . . . .325Buckets, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .324Buggies, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .324Builder’s adhesive . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17Builder’s hardware . . . . . . . . . . . .425

rough carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . .159Building

appraisal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18blocks, concrete filled . . . . . . . . .87board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296, 402columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . .103, 338hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .425moving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26, 28permit fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28posts, steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187sewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269stone, testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127

Building laborer, wageindustrial & commercial . . . . . . .312residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Buildingssteel engineered . . . . . . . . . . . .487temporary, rental . . . . . . . . . . . .333

Built-in ovens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258Built-up girders

carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .387steel framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60

Built-up roofing . . . . . . . . . . .258, 405cement, Cold-Ap . . . . . . . . . . . .260demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102

Bulb, light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193Bulkhead forms . . . . . . . . . . .343, 345Bulkheads, shoring . . . . . . . . . . . .610Bulldozers

excavation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138

Bullet resistant glass . . . . . . . . . . .426Bulletin boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .445Bullnose, paver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214Bullnose, drywall . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169Bumper guards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .448Bumper threshold . . . . . . . . . . . . .288Bumpers

dock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .368highway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .620

Bumps, speed . . . . . . . . . . . .614, 621Bungalow fittings, ABS . . . . . . . . .518Burlap soil stabilization . . . . . . . . .608Bus duct connection . . . . . . . . . . .576Bus schedule, display panel . . . . .484Bus stop

enclosure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .483shelters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .483

BushingsABS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .520conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .549

Business overhead . . . . . . . . . . . .210Butacite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .486Butt hinges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .424Button switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .570Buttweld joints, welding . . . . . . . .392Butyl roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .405BX cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .565Bypass doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123

accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124beveled mirror . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123mirrored . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123-124

C

Cabinetsbath . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222, 293, 449classroom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .477cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83custom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .476end panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31extinguisher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .497finish carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . .477fire hose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .497hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . .423, 477

hospital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .477installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55kitchen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29labor cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .477lavatory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293lighting fixtures . . . . . . . . . .191, 223linen, shelving . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273medicine . . . . . . . . . .222, 293, 449metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .476painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243shelving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273shop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .476shower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .538storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .477utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30-31vanity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293wardrobe . . . . . . . . . . .462, 476-477wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .477

Cableantenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130armored . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .565BX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .565Cat 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .598Cat 5e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .598Cat 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .598coaxial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .597communication . . . . . . . . . . . . .596computer network . . . . . . . . . . .598electrical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .566Ethernet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .598fiber optic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .597flexible armored . . . . . . . . . . . . .565ice-melting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .566metal-clad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .565network . . . . . . . . . . . .130, 463-464phone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .596power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .565punch down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .464RG Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .597RJ Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .597Romex . . . . . . . . . . . .127, 548, 564signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .597snow-melting . . . . . . . . . . .480, 566tap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .596testing, computer . . . . . . . . . . . .599tray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .562twinaxial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .598twisted pair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .598

Cable testing . . . . . . . . . . . . .130, 464Cabs, elevator . . . . . . . . . . . .133, 494Café doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118Caissons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .613Calcimine, removal . . . . . . . . . . . .442Calcium chloride . . . . . . . . . . .85, 353Calcium nitrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .628California B.A.C.T. . . . . . . . . . . . . .584California Code 2010 . . . . . .583, 586California pavers . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214Cambria countertop . . . . . . . . . . . .96Camera, video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .468Campus wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .463Cane fiber joint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358Canopy

commercial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .475door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21food service hoods . . . . . . . . . .459range hoods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256steel framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .390

Cant stripscarpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183, 406

Canvas tarpaulins . . . . . . . . . . . . .288Cap

conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .549door bottom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .289sheet, roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .519tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .377

Capillary fill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342Capital forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .346Caps

ABS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .520black steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .498copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .508CPVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .511drain pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126flashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .407masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215, 218moulding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224post . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163

Capuccino dispenser . . . . . . . . . .462Carbon steel pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . .498Carborundum rub . . . . . . . . . .95, 360Card reader

parking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .454security access . . . . . . . . . . . . .595

Carpenter, wageindustrial & commercial . . . . . . .312residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Carpentryassemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37cabinets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29, 477finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51, 52, 425furring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52industrial and commercial . . . . .392moulding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228piecework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37piecework rates . . . . . . . . . . .39, 74plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .393rough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46square foot costs . . . . . . . . . . . . .32wall sheathing . . . . . . . . . . . . . .397

Carpet adhesive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18Carpet tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .437Carpets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .437

access flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . .438Berber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76mats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222, 478subcontract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76

Carports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77Carriage bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234Carriers, conveyors . . . . . . . . . . . .495Cars, elevator . . . . . . . . . . . .133, 494Cartridge fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .580Casement windows

vinyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .301vinyl-clad wood . . . . . . . . . .303-304

Casescabinets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29, 477laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .477painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243

Cash box, service station . . . . . . .454Cash dispenser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .457Cashier booth, bulletproof . . . . . .489Casing

aluminum siding . . . . . . . . . . . . .279beads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53extruded polymer . . . . . . . . . . . .228hardwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224MDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228moulding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225nails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54

Cast ironcolumn bases . . . . . . . . . . . . . .391fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .631flanged pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .631ornamental iron . . . . . . . . . . . . .150pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .631sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .391valve box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .632valves, AWWA . . . . . . . . . . . . . .632

Cast-in-place, concrete . . . . . . . . . .93Catch basins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .641

demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337entrance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .478gratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .390

Catwalks, carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . .46Caulk

acrylic latex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77fireproof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78strip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79

Caulking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77guns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79sealants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .414

Caution lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22Caution tape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23Cavity wall

insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185reinforcing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .375

C-clamps, pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .521Cedar

boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79closet lining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79fence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147lumber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199paneling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244plywood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .262saunas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266

SAMPLE

648

shakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .262shingles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258siding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200

Cedarmill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277Ceiling

access hatches . . . . . . . . . . . . .410adhesive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17assemblies, wood framed . . . . . .36beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45beams, carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . .393demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100domes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79fans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142fans, bath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .433joists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46, 67joists, steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67, 73lighting fixtures . . . . . . . . . . .79, 190metal pans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82paint removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .235painting . . . . . . . . . . .240, 243, 441panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81radiant heating systems . . . . . .176skylights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82, 433tile adhesive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .433tile, wood fiber . . . . . . . . . . . . . .433treatments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54

Ceilingsacoustical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .432plywood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54stained glass look . . . . . . . . . . . .81suspended . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79, 433tin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82wood strip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54

Cellar doors, steel . . . . . . . . . . . . .109Cellulose insulation . . . . . . . .184-185Cement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82

adhesive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17cold process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260coloring . . . . . . . . . . . .85, 220, 359concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .354cutting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373duct, envelopes . . . . . . . . . . . . .547fireproofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .411lap roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242pargeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .386plaster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .318tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82, 430, 437

Cement and EPS forms . . . . . . . . .87Cement mason, wage

industrial & commercial . . . . . . .312residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Cementitiouscoating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373decks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .372roofing system . . . . . . . . . . . . . .406

Centralair filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177, 181heating and cooling . . . . . . . . . .175vacuum systems . . . . . . . . . . . .293

Ceramic tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . .290, 431backer board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293demolition . . . . . . . . . .101-102, 340facing tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .378fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .290installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .292mosaic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .290veneer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .384

CertainTeed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261CFL light bulb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193Chain hoists, rental . . . . . . . . . . . .332Chain link fence . . . . . . . . . . .142, 622

demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .336painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440

Chain railing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .390Chain saws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139

rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .331Chair rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55, 225

MDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228Chairs

auditorium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .478cathedral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .465reinforcing steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90school . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .462

Chamfer corner forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358strip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358

Changes in costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Changing stations . . . . . . . . . . . . .451Channel

hanger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .560resilient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169, 428siding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217strap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .560vent, rafter bay . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295

Channelizing, earthwork . . . . . . . .607Charbroiler, commercial . . . . . . . .459Charging, electric fence . . . . . . . .143Check desks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .456Check valves . . . . . . . . .496, 523, 525Checkroom equipment . . . . . . . . .457Chemical fire protection . . . . . . . .459Chemical-resistant brick . . . . . . . .378Cherry

paneling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244parquet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158

Chestnut flooring . . . . . . . . . .155-156Child protection seat . . . . . . . . . . .451Chilled water pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . .498Chimes, door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104

wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128Chimneys

anchors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151caps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .294firebrick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214fireplace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152flashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .407flues . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152, 218, 377masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221, 377prefabricated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .377

Chipperspneumatic, rental . . . . . . . . . . . .323rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .330

Chisels, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .323Chop saws, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . .331Church

acoustical design fees . . . . . . . .134chairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .465equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .464glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .475pews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .465

Chutesdemolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .340garbage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .495linen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .495mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .451trash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .340

Cigarette disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . .478Cinder rock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .609Circline lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192Circuit balancing valves . . . .174, 544Circuit breakers

panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .580wiring for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128

Circuitsdryer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .548exit light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .547light and power . . . . . . . . . . . . .547motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .571range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .548receptacle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .548switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .547under slab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .547

Circular louver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295Circular windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302City cost adjustments . . . . . . . .12-15Civil engineering fees . . . . . . . . . .134Cladding, preformed . . . . . . . . . . .404Clamps

column forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358concrete, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . .325conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .560ground rod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .571pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .521-522PVC conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .556riser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .521top beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .521

Clamshell excavators, rental . . . . .325Clamshovels, rental . . . . . . . . . . . .330Classrooms, manufactured . . . . . .484Clay

backing tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .377brick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .377pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .640tile, load bearing . . . . . . . . . . . .377

Clean metal primer . . . . . . . . . . . .238

Cleaningbrick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .374cabinets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .359doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83final . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83floors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83, 335glass block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .384masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .374-375new construction . . . . . . . . .83, 335paint preparation . . . . . . . . . . . .241painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440pavement joints . . . . . . . . . . . . .617plumbing fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . .83sewer main . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .636shower stalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .374terra cotta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .374vacuum systems . . . . . . . . . . . .293walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83

Cleaning station . . . . . . . . . . . . . .461Cleanout

adapter, ABS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .520doors, fireplace . . . . . . . . . . . . .151drainage piping . . . . . . . . . . . . .530plug, ABS-DWV . . . . . . . . . . . . .520tees, ABS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .519

Cleanup, overhead . . . . . . . . . . . .313Clear cedar siding . . . . . . . . . . . . .200Clearing

brush . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .599excavation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136

Clerical help cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313Clevis hangers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .521Climber, tower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .473Clips

angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159plywood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163

Clockreceptacles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .568wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128

Closers, door . . . . . . . . . . . . .105, 423Closet doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119

bi-fold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124bypass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123mirrored bypass . . . . . . . . .123-124

Closet flange, ABS . . . . . . . . . . . .519Closets

cabinets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29, 477lighting, wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128lining, cedar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79poles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55racks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .457shelves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273storage unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55water . . . . . . . . . . . . .249, 535, 537

Clothes chutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .495Clothes dryers

vent sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .294wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128

Clothes washers, wiring . . . . . . . .128Clothesline units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84Coat hooks and racks . . . . . . . . . .457Coatings

cementious . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373concrete finishes . . . . . . . . . . . .359deck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440industrial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .391

Coaxial cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .597Code caps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .294Coffee brewer/percolator . . . . . . .462Coil nails

framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232

Cold box, insulation . . . . . . . . . . . .403Cold milling, asphalt . . . . . . . . . . .615Cold process cement . . . . . . . . . .260Cold-formed steel framing . . . . . . .56Collar beams

carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48steel framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

Collar ties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48Collated brads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231Collated nails . . . . . . . . . . . . .231-232

Colonialbrick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84interior doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119storm doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114

Color coat, tennis court . . . . . . . . .470Coloring agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .220

concrete . . . . . . . . .85, 95, 353, 360mortar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .220, 617

Column forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .346capitals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .348round . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .347tilt-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .369

Columnsbase ties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160bases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84capitals, formwork . . . . . . . . . . .348caps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39carpentry, steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57clamps, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . .325concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343fireproofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .413footings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92lally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39lally, steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57marble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242porch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84precast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .363reinforcing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .353structural steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . .387tilt-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .369tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .357wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84

Come-a-longs, rental . . . . . . . . . .332Commercial, wage rates . . . . . . . .312Commercial brick . . . . . . . . . . . . .212Common brick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .377Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . .594Communications cable . . . . . . . . .596Communion rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .465Compacting soil

embankment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .601equipment rental . . . . . . . .139, 324excavation . . . . . . . . . . . . .136, 601roadway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .607trenches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603

Compaction testing . . . . . . . . . . . .282Compactors, rental . . . . . . . .139, 324Compartments, cubicles . . . . . . . .446Composite lumber . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98Composition

roof, coating for . . . . . . . . . . . . .239roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260

Compressorsfoundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .370paint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .323service station . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453

Computer floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .437network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131network cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .598wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130, 463

Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342access ramps . . . . . . . . . . . . . .480additives . . . . . . . .85, 353, 358-359adhesive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18aggregate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .353apron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .480, 619architectural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343, 348block core fill . . . . . . . . . . .215, 381buggies, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . .324building walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .355bush hammered . . . . . . . . . . . .360caisson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .613cast-in-place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .357coatings . . . . . . . . . . .358-359, 373coloring . . . . .85, 96, 220, 359, 360column forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343columns, reinforcing . . . . . . . . .352conduit envelopes . . . . . . . . . . .547core drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373culvert, precast . . . . . . . . . . . . .638curb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88, 95, 619curing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .359curing compounds . . . . . . . . . . .354curing papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

SAMPLE

649

cutting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373decking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .372delivery charges . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . .101, 338depression forms . . . . . . . . . . . .344driveways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84edge forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .344embossed finish . . . . . . . . . . . . .96equipment foundations . . . . . . .369equipment rental . . . . . . . . . . . .324etching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .360excavation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342expansion joints . . . . . . . . . .85, 358exposed aggregate . . . . . . . . . . .95fiber mesh reinforcing . . . . . . . . .85fill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .368fill, columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .387finishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95finishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96flared apron . . . . . . . . . . . .480, 619flatwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .355, 616floor finishes . . . . . . . . . . . .359, 372floor slab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .356footings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92footings, demolition . . . . . . . . . .100form stakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86form stripping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88form tie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358forms . . . . . . . . . .86, 87-88, 94, 343forms, cast-in-place . . . . . . . . . .344forms, paving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .616foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94grade beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93granite aggregate . . . . . . . . . . . .85grout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .359, 381grout mix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85grouting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96gunite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .360hardeners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .359high early strength . . . . . . . . . . . .85ICF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86inserts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .359insulated forms . . . . . . . . . . . .86-87insulating deck . . . . . . . . . . . . . .372joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85keyway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94labor placing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .354landings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .480lightweight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85line markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .621lintels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .386manholes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .642masonry units . . . . . . . . . .215, 381meter boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223mix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84mixer, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .324nails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232paint preparation . . . . . . . . . . . .241paint removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242, 441patching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95pavers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217, 630paving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246, 616paving, removal . . . . . . . . . . . . .335piles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .610pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .638placing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95, 354plank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .362plasticized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85plyform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204pouring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95precast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223, 360pull & junction box . . . . . . . . . . .547pump mix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85pumping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .354ready-mix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84, 354recycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . .89, 349retaining walls . . . . . . . . . . .92, 344roof decks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .372sandblasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266sawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .366, 373saws, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .324screeds, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . .325sealant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77sealer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .359shingles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264sidewalk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94, 620slab demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . .340slab forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .344slab sawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .374

slabs . . . . . .94, 355, 357, 362, 373slip-formed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .356snap ties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86specialty finishes . . . . . . . . . . . . .95spread footings . . . . . . . . . . . . .380stain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237stairways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .357stamped finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95, 354, 357steps-on-grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95structural . . . . . . . . . . . . . .354, 356support poles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .364surface prep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .441surfacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373suspended slabs . . . . . . . . . . . .356testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .318ties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264tile roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264tilt-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .366topping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95underpinning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .610unit masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215vapor barrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .434vibrators, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . .324walks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94, 620wall form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88wall sawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373walls . . . . . . . . .86-87, 92, 354, 360waterproofing . . . . . . .297, 358, 401waterstop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91, 352wedge tie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342

Concrete blockdemolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100glazed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .382natural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215painting . . . . . . . . . . . .242-243, 441pavers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217retaining walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . .378screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217, 383slump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217split-face . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217, 383testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215, 381

Concrete reinforcingpolypropylene fiber . . . . . . . . . . .85

Conduitadapter, PVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .555bodies, PVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .555bodies, steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .548clamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .560EMT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .550EMT circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .552end bell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .554flexible aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . .557flexible non-metallic . . . . . .558-559flexible steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .557hangers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .559hangers, PVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .556hubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .574IMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .553intermediate metal . . . . . . . . . . .553lightweight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .559liquid-tight flexible metal . . . . . .558painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .441PVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .553rigid steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .548RSC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .548steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .548

Cones, traffic control . . . . . . . . . . . .22Confessionals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .465Conflict resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20Connection, Internet . . . . . . . . . . .130Connections

sewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269water heater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .532

Connectorscomputer cable . . . . . . . . . . . . .599construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159, 161Sealtite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .559straps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .571

Conservatories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .485Construction

barricades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22camps, manufactured . . . . . . . .484economics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .310elevators and hoists . . . . . . . . . .322keying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .314

photographs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .321signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .321tools, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .323

Consultants, fees . . . . . . . . .134, 316Contact cement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18Containers, storage, rental . . . . . .334Containment, asbestos . . . . . . . . .341Contingency . . . . . . . . . . . . .210, 313Continuous spread footings . . . . .380Contractor insurance . . . . . . . . . . .186Contractor’s labor burden


Controlerosion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .629fund fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .314joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .376pests (soil treatment) . . . . . . . . .283valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .527, 623

Control panelsalarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .596motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .571

Control switch, fan . . . . . . . . . . . .141Controls

hydronic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173irrigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .623motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .571sprinkling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .625

Convertible range hood . . . . . . . .256Conveying equipment . . . . . . . . . .492Conveyors

belt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .495checkroom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .457concrete, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . .325oven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .460

Cooking equipment . . . . . . . . . . . .457Cooktops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257Coolers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .461

drinking water . . . . . . . . . .250, 539HVAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180walk-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .461

Coolingair conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . .180heat pump . . . . . . . . . . . . .179-180

Copingmasonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218, 386metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .406

Co-polymer shutters . . . . . . . . . . .275Copper

flashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271grounding devices . . . . . . . . . . .570gutter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408nails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .507pipe, DWV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .516pressure fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . .508roof, cupola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408tubing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .509, 516wall ties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .375window roofs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .306wire, THHN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .563wire, XHHW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .564wood preservative . . . . . . . . . . .239

Corbels, cabinet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31Cord sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .568Core

brick testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319cutting, concrete . . . . . . . . . . . .373grouting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215, 381sampling (soil testing) . . . . . . . .282

Corian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97Cork

insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .403running track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .469sheathing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .438

Cornerbead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225, 429cabinets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31guards, metal . . . . . . . . . . .391, 408mould . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225moulding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224record (surveying) . . . . . . . . . . .316

Cornice moulding . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54Cornices, painting . . . . . . . . . . . . .242Corrugated

fiberglass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .426mats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222metal pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .639metal roofing . . . . . . . . . . .263, 404

metal siding . . . . . . . . . . . .279, 405pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .639polyethylene pipe . . . . . . . . . . . .640polyethylene tubing . . . . . . . . . .636

Cost adjusting, labor . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Cost adjustments, city . . . . . . . .12-15Cost engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . .316Costs listed in this book . . . . . . . . . .4Cotton insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184Cotton mat reinforcing . . . . . . . . .260Counter-flashing . . . . . . . . . .271, 407Counters, bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .456Countertop steamers . . . . . . . . . .458Countertops

cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83Corian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97engineered stone . . . . . . . . . . . . .96granite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96labor costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96laminated plastic . . . . . . . . . . . . .96plastic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .477tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293, 437

CouplingsABS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .517black steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .498copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .508CPVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .511drain pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126threaded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .548

Court, athletic, surface primer . . . .470Cove base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154Cove moulding . . . . . . . . . . .224, 226

MDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228Cover plate, electric . . . . . . . . . . .570Cover, swimming pool . . . . . . . . . .480Coverage loss defined . . . . . . . . . . .3Coverings

door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277

Coverscanvas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .288joint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .415manhole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .643plastic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256, 288

CPM scheduling . . . . . . . . . .134, 314CPVC

adapter fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . .512brass fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .512pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .511-512snap-on tubing strap . . . . . . . . .512transition fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . .512

Craft codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-10Craft hours defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Craft@Hrs column . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Cranes

concrete placing . . . . . . . . . . . .354hoists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .494hydraulic, truck, rental . . . . . . . .322jib . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .495pile driving, rental . . . . . . . . . . . .325rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .325tower, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .322truck-mounted, rental . . . . . . . . .322

Crawl hole vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . .294Crawler dozers, rental . . . . . . . . . .326Crawler tractors . . . . . . .137, 600, 606Credits and acknowledgments . . . .16Creosote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208Crew codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Crew composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Crew rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7, 8, 9Cribbing and shoring . . . . . . . . . .610Critical path scheduling . . . . . . . .314Croll-Reynolds . . . . . . . . . . . .583, 586Cross arms pole . . . . . . . . . . . . . .581Cross bridging . . . . . . . . . . . . .41, 160

steel floor joists . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61Crossbuck doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106Crossing signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .490Cross-linked poly pipe . . . . . . . . .513Crown molding (moulding)

cabinets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31hardwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54MDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228pine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226special cutting . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226vinyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228

Crushed rock . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18, 126Crystalite countertop . . . . . . . . . . . .96

SAMPLE

650

CSIDivision 01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313Division 02 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335Division 03 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342Division 04 . . . . . . . . . . . . .374, 377Division 05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .386Division 06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .392Division 07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .401Division 08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .416Division 09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .427Division 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453Division 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .475Division 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .480Division 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .492Division 21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .495Division 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .498Division 23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .540Division 26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .546Division 27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .594Division 31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .599Division 32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .614Division 33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .631

Cubicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .446Culvert pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . .636, 638Cup holder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23Cupboards, painting . . . . . . . . . . .243Cupolas

aluminum roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97cedar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97copper roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97weather vanes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97

Curbing machine rental . . . . . . . . .328Curbs

asphalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .614concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . .88, 95, 619demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . .101, 335elevated slabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .349for handicapped . . . . . . . . . . . .482granite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .618inlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .643

Curing concrete . . . . . . . . . . .359, 365Curing papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27-28Curtain rods

drapery hardware . . . . . . . . . . . .127shower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

Curtain wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .422Curtains

industrial and commercial . . . . .475lift equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .467residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127stage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .466

Cut and fill excavation . . . . . . . . . .607Cutting

asphalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .374boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .458brick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373slabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .374steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .391walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373

Cypress flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156

D

Dampers, air regulating, fireplace .151Dampproofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .401Danger signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .321Danish oil stain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239Deadbolt locks

commercial . . . . . . . . . . . . .423-424residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170-171

Debris removal . . . . . . .313, 335, 340Decks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98

cementitious . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .372composite lumber . . . . . . . . . . . .98concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98diagonal pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98fiber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .372finish room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99flashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271, 273flashing, Vycor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27footings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99handrail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .388metal, demolition . . . . . . . . . . . .339nails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440-442pine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98posts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99pressure treated . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98

railing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99redwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50, 98, 388stain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238stairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99waterproofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297yard and patio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99

Decontaminationlead-based paint . . . . . . . .235, 439PCBs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .439radioactivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .439toxic chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . .439

Decora glass block . . . . . . . . . . . .219Decorative glass, ecclesiastical . .475Deflect-O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141Dehumidifiers, rental . . . . . . . . . . .332Deli case, food service . . . . . . . . .458Delivery expense defined . . . . . . . . .3Delivery, office trailers . . . . . . . . . .334Delphi glass block . . . . . . . . . . . . .219Deluge valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .496Demobilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .317Demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100, 338

asbestos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341asphalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104, 338ceiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100concrete block . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100curb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101, 481doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101fence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .336flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101guardrail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .336joists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103manholes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100plumbing fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . .482roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .339roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102sheathing and siding . . . . . . . . .102stairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103subcontract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104toilet partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . .482walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103, 338windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102wood framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103

Demountable partitions . . . . . . . . .447Dens Glass sheathing . . . . . . . . . .183Deposit boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .456Depository doors, after hours . . . .456Desalinization, water . . . . . . . . . . .252Desks

bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .456study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .463

Detailed block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215Detection systems . . . . . . . . . . . . .596Detectors

audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267infrared . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .596smoke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .454

Detour signs, barricade . . . . . . . . . .22Dewatering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .607Diamond lath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188Diaphragm meter . . . . . . . . . . . . .644Diffusers, light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .587Digging

concrete work . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342excavation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136post holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144

Digitalnetworking systems . . . . . . . . . .131photography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .321

Digital recorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .597Dimension lumber . . . . . . . . .195, 202Dimmer switches . . . . . . . . . .129, 569Direct overhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313Directory boards . . . . . . . . . .444-445Dirt, recycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335Disabled, access for . . . . . . . . . . .480Disappearing stairs . . . . . . . . . . . .287Disconnect switches . . . . . . . . . . .582Dishwashers

commercial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .462electrical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251plumbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251return panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128

Dispensersbeverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .462Capuccino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .462cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .457gasoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453paper towel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .448ticket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .454toilet paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .449

Disperser, rain gutters . . . . . . . . . .410Display case, food . . . . . . . . . . . .458Display panel for map, schedule .484Disposal

asbestos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335

Disposers, garbagecommercial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .462residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128, 250

Dispute resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20Distillation, water . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252Distribution, electric . . . . . . . . . . . .581

overhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .581panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .575, 577switchboards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .575

Ditch Witch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603Ditching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136, 602Ditra membrane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95Divider strips, terrazzo . . . . . . . . . .437Dividers

partition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .447redwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .620

Docks, loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .357bumpers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .368equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .455levelers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .368, 455lifts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .455seals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .455shelters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .456

Documentation, photographs . . . .321Dolly, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .332Domes

lighted ceilings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79playground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .471skylights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280

Dooraccessories, bypass . . . . . . . . .124bells, wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128bottom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .289casing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53, 108casing, ranch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108chimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83closers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105closers, hinge pin . . . . . . . . . . .105coverings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . .101, 338finish carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52flexible strip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .422frame protectors . . . . . . . . . . . .448frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109frames, fire-rated . . . . . . . . . . . .109frames, metal . . . . . . . . . . .391, 418frames, painting . . . . . . . . . . . . .242frames, pocket . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171frames, steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43framing, steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65handle sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170hangers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172hangers, pocket . . . . . . . . . . . . .172hardware . . . . . . . . . . .53, 125, 425hardware kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172hardware, exit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172hardware, garage . . . . . . .166, 173hardware, threshold . . . . . .288-289hinges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .424jambs, exterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108jambs, interior . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118kick plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171knockers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171lever latchset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171lever, privacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122locksets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170louvers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .421mantels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .298mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223openers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164openings, framing . . . . . . . . . . . .43openings, steel framing . . . . . . . .65paint removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .235painting, exterior . . . . . . . . . . . .242

painting, interior . . . . . . . . . . . . .243peep sights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171protectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .448pulls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171push plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171rehang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101, 340repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52sealant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78seals, loading dock . . . . . . . . . .456seals, weatherstrip . . . . . . . . . . .297security switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . .594shim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52shoe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .289sidelites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110sill, oak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .289stop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171, 424stop moulding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53thresholds . . . . . . . . .224, 288, 425trim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224, 422twin door portal . . . . . . . . . . . . .489weatherstripping . . . . . . . .297, 425

Doorbell, wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104Doors

4-panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1066-panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106access . . . . . . . .255, 269, 422, 529accordion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .447air curtain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .421aluminum, patio . . . . . . . . .120-121automatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .483bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118basement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23bathtub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .274beveled glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107bi-fold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124-125birch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106, 119birch, prehung . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110bypass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123-124café . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118camber top . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112cellar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109cleanout, fireplace . . . . . . . . . . .151closet . . . . . . . . . . . . .119, 123-124closet, installation . . . . . . . . . . . .52convenience store . . . . . . . . . . .489crossbuck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106depository . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .456Dutch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .448entrance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107entry . . . . . . . . . . .106-107, 111-112entry, steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112exterior . . . . . . . . . . . .105-106, 110exterior, fire-rated . . . . . . . . . . . .109exterior, steel . . . . . . . . . . . .109-111fiberglass . . . . . . . . . .112-113, 419fir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .419fire-rated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109flush closet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124flush exterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106flush interior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116folding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122folding, installation . . . . . . . . . . . .52foundation access . . . . . . . . . . .295frames, wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .419French . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107French, interior . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117garage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165handicapped . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .483handicapped, automatic . . . . . .483hangar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .420hanging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52hardboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118hardboard exterior . . . . . . . . . . .105hemlock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110hollow metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .416interior fire-rated . . . . . . . . . . . . .109interior, café . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118interior, French . . . . . . . . . .117, 120interior, hollow core . . . . . . . . . .116interior, louver . . . . . . . . . . .117, 120interior, panel . . . .116-117, 119-120interior, prehung . . . . . . . . .118-119interior, slab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115interior, solid core . . . . . . . . . . . .116lauan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118metal, reversible . . . . . . . . . . . . .109mirrored . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125molded face . . . . . . . . . . . .116-117oak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106, 119overhead . . . . . . . . . .165, 419, 487

SAMPLE

651

overhead roll-up . . . . . . . . . . . . .420partition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .446patio, sliding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121patio, swinging . . . . . . . . . .120-122pet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122pocket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171pocket, installation . . . . . . . . . . . .52prehung, exterior . . . . . . . . . . . .110prehung, interior . . . . . . . . .118-120prehung, steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . .418prehung, wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . .419radiation shielding . . . . . . . . . . .488refrigerator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .420revolving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .420screen, patio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121screen, security . . . . . . . . . . . . .113screen, vinyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113screen, wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113screen,metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115security grills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .420service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .420shower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .274slab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105-107sliding glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .420sliding, fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .419sliding, metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .447solid core . . . . . . . . . .105-106, 110steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .419steel, building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .487steel, exterior . . . . . . . . . . . .109-111steel, fire-rated . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109steel, patio . . . . . . . . . . . . .121-122steel, prehung . . . . . . . . . . . . . .418stile & rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116-117stock room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .422storm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114-115strip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .422telescoping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .421tub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .274units, packaged . . . . . . . . . . . . .418vault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .422vinyl, patio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121with sidelites . . . . . . . . . . .107, 111wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .419X-ray protective . . . . . . . . . . . . .488

Dormer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271flashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271louvers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .294studs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48studs, steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71-72

Dosch clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214Double doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119Double sanitary tee, ABS . . . . . . .518Double TY/cross . . . . . . . . . . . . . .518Double wye, ABS . . . . . . . . . . . . .518Double-cylinder door handle . . . .170Double-hung window . . . . . . . . . .306

screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .303vinyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .300-301

Double-track storm window . . . . .307Dough roller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .460Douglas fir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195

clear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195, 197flooring . . . . . . . . . . . .156, 195, 197

Dowel supports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .344Downspouts

industrial & commercial . . . . . . .408painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168steel buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . .487

Dozerclearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .599excavation . . . . . . . . . . . . .138, 605rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138, 326

Draftingarchitectural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .316

Draftshield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297Dragline


Dragon teeth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .454Drain

fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .516lines, demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . .337rock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .609

Drain pipeABS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .516copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .516

fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126fittings, corrugated . . . . . . . . . . .637Hi-Q . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .636plastic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126, 516poly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635

Drainagefabric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126, 636slope protection . . . . . . . . . . . . .608

Drainage systemsrock and sand fill . . . . . . . . . . . .126tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .639

Drainboards, countertops . . . . . . .293laminated plastic . . . . . . . . . . . .477stainless steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . .461tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .437

Drainsarea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .530fiberglass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .640floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .520, 530foundation footing . . . . . . . . . . .126gratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .390piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126precast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127, 640rain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .530rough-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .536systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127trench . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .640

Draperies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127, 475Drawers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

kitchen work table . . . . . . . . . . .458stainless steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . .458

Drawingsarchitectural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20as-built . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126reproduction of . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

Drench showers . . . . . . . . . .536, 539Dressing cubicles . . . . . . . . . . . . .446Drill rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .323, 329Drilled caissons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .613Drilling

concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373post holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .622rock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .600soil testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .282steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .391well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .298

Drinking fountain . . . . . . . . . .250, 539handicapped . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .481rough-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .536

Drip cap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .270-271door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .290moulding, wood . . . . . . . . .226, 279

Drip edge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .270-271Drive shoe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .298Driveway gates . . . . . . .143, 166, 623Driveways

apron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .619asphalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245coating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239concrete . . . . . . . . .84, 94, 246, 619demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . .101, 335forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88, 94paint removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236

Dropceiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79poles, electrical . . . . . . . . . . . . .321

Drop cloths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .288painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .442

Dry pack grout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .365Dry packing, concrete . . . . . . . . . .365Dry pipe sprinklers . . . . . . . . . . . .496Dryers, clothes

circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .548receptacles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .568vent sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .294wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128

Dryvit finish, exterior . . . . . . . . . . .404Drywall

adhesive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . .102, 338expansion joints . . . . . . . . . . . . .415gypsum . . . . . . . . . . .168, 296, 427insulation board . . . . . . . . . . . . .402nails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240, 243primer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236screws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231specialties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .428texture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170

vinyl clad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .427wallboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296wallboard assemblies . . . . . . . . .34

Drywall installer, wageindustrial & commercial . . . . . . .312residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Drywall taper, wage, residential . . .10Duct

cable tray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .562electrical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .561fiberglass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178flex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440sheet metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178underfloor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .562underground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .547

Ductile iron pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . .633Ducting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256Ductwork, painting . . . . . . . . . . . .440Dumbwaiters . . . . . . . . . . . . .133, 492Dummy knobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .424Dump fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335Dump trucks

debris hauling . . . . . . . . . .340, 605general hauling . . . . . . . . . . . . .137rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139, 327

Dumpsters, trash . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335Duplex nails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233Duplex receptacles . . . . . . . .129, 568Dupont wood flooring . . . . . . . . . .157Durock backer board . . . . . . . . . .293Dur-O-Wal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221Dursban T-C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .283Dust control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .340DWV pipe

ABS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .516-517copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .516

E

Earthwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .599compacting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .607

Easingsstair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56, 287stair rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287

Eave closure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .265Eave louver vents . . . . . . . . . . . . .294Eaves, painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242Ecclesiastical

equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .464glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .475

Eco-Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86Economics division . . . . . . . . . . . .310Edge forms, concrete . . . . . . .88, 344Edge pulls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172Edgers, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .330Edging

redwood . . . . . . . . . . .188, 620, 630roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271sill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .289strip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154

Educationalequipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .462networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .463

Efflorescence, testing . . . . . . . . . .319Egg knob locksets . . . . . . . . . . . .170Eggcrate louvers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80Egress

barrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .491portal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .491window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308

EIFS exterior wall system . . . . . . .404Ejectors, sewage . . . . . . . . . . . . . .533Elastomeric

flashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .376latex sealant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78membrane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .441-442pipe insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . .528roof coating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259waterproofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297

ElbowsABS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .517black steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .498copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .508CPVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .511CPVC and brass . . . . . . . . . . . .512PVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .510

Electric serviceindustrial & commercial . . . . . . .575residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127temporary . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313, 321

Electrical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .546alarm systems . . . . . . . . . .128, 267boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .547boxes, outlet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .566building wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .563cable tray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .562circuit breakers . . . . . . . . . . . . .572conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .548cover plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .570cutouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .582device boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .561distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .581duct, concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . .547duct, surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .561fence, charging unit . . . . . . . . . .143fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .580generators . . . . . . . . . . . . .131, 582generators, rental . . . . . . . . . . . .329ground wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .563grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .571handy box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .567heater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .541junction boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .568lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128loadcenters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .578metallic tubing . . . . . . . . . .548, 550motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .571multi-outlet raceway . . . . . . . . . .562outlet boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .562outlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129, 568overhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .581panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .577poles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .581power, temporary . . . . . . . . . . . .322raceway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .561raceway fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . .561receptacle boxes . . . . . . . . . . . .561receptacles . . . . . . . . . . . .129, 568sensor cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .594service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127service entrance cable . . . . . . . .562sprinkler controls . . . . . . . . . . . .190subcontract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .569switchgear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .576systems, solar . . . . . . . . . . . . . .587temporary power . . . . . . . . . . . .322transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .577tubing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .548underfloor duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . .562unit heater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .540valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190water heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130wireway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .561

Electrician, wageindustrial & commercial . . . . . . .312residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Electrostatic precipitators . . . . . . .459Elevated water tanks . . . . . . . . . . .635Elevator signs, braille . . . . . . . . . .483Elevators

commercial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .494construction-type . . . . . . . . . . . .322geared . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .493hydraulic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133, 494passenger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .493residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133sidewalk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .493subcontract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133

Embankment grading . . . . . . . . . .601Embeco grout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .359Embedded steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . .390Embossed concrete . . . . . . . . . . . .96Emergency lighting . . . . . . . . . . . .592Emergency shower . . . . . . . . . . . .539

rough-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .536Emissions reduction . . . . . . .583, 586Employer labor taxes . . . . . . . . . . .10

industrial & commercial . . . . . . .312EMT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .550

conduit circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . .552fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .550

Enamel gloss, floor and porch . . .237Encapsulated insulation . . . . . . . .182Enclosures . . . . . . . . . . .248, 275, 446

bus stop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .483cubicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .446panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .568sauna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266temporary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .334

SAMPLE

652

End cap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263Endwall flashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271Engineer, overhead . . . . . . . . . . . .313Engineering fees . . . . . . . . . .134, 316

tilt-up construction . . . . . . . . . . .366Enkebolt molding, cabinets . . . . . .31Entrance

cap, threaded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .549hoods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273mats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222, 478thresholds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .288

Entry doors . . . . . . .106-107, 111-112deco fan lite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107fiberglass . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112-113oak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107

Envelex ceiling domes . . . . . . . . . .79Environmental noise survey . . . . .134EPA

standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .586Tier IV pollution control rating . .583

EPDM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .406Epoxy

bed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .441-442

Epoxy-coated rebar . . . . . . . .349, 353Epoxy-tie adhesive . . . . . . . . . . . . .17EPS forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453

checkroom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .457educational . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .462food service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .457foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .369loading docks . . . . . . . . . . . . . .455mobilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .317overhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313pads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .355paint sprayer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440parking control . . . . . . . . . . . . . .454service station . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453

Erickson couplings . . . . . . . . . . . .549Erosion control

fabric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608fence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608landscaping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .629silt fence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149soil covers, stabilization . . . . . . .608

Escalators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .494Escape window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308Estimating, accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Etch, acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .471Etching concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . .360Eternit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264Ethylene Propylene Diene

Monomer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .406European ISO standards . . .583, 586Evaporative coolers . . . . . . . . . . . .178Evaporator coil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180Excavation

air hammer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138backfilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136backhoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138blasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .600brushing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138, 599bulldozer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138caissons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .613clearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138compaction . . . . . . . . . . . .136, 601concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86dozer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .605dragline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .600, 613embankment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .601equipment rental . . . . . . . .138, 325erosion control . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608fine grading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135footings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135foundation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342grading . . . . . . . . . . . .135, 342, 600hand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .606hand work . . . . . . . . . . . . .135, 342hauling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .604loaders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136, 602loading trucks . . . . . . . . . .138, 604manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .606pneumatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138post holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144ripping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .601riprap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .609rock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135scraper-hauler . . . . . . . . . . . . . .606

shovels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135slope protection . . . . . . . . . . . . .608spreading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .601spreading material by hand . . . .136sprinkling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138tamping . . . . . . . . . . .342, 601, 603tamping, by hand . . . . . . . . . . . .136topsoil, by hand . . . . . . . . . . . . .136tractors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138tree removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .599trenching . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136, 602trucks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138wheel loaders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603

Exhaustfume system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .454hoods, food service . . . . . . . . . .459range hoods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256vents, dryer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .294

Exhaust fanbath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139-140bath, with heater . . . . . . . . . . . .141food service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .459QuieTTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140roof vent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .411switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141timer switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139ValueTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128with infrared heater . . . . . . . . . .140

Exhaust stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .585Existing conditions . . . . . . . . . . . .335Exit door hardware . . . . . . . . . . . .424

touch bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172Exit signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .591Expanded polystyrene board . . . .403Expansion

shields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .376, 561strips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219

Expansion joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . .430composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85, 358covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .415glass block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .384lath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221preformed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .415sealants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .415

Expansion tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252boiler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174

Explosion-proof lights . . . . . . . . . .591Exposed aggregate finish . . . .95, 359Extension cords, rental . . . . . . . . .330Exterior door jambs . . . . . . . . . . . .108Exterior doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107

fir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106flush . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106hollow metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .416jambs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108prehung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109-110solid core . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .419steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .418

Exterior house paint . . . . . . .236, 237Exterior Improvements . . . . . . . . .614Exterior wall system (EIFS) . . . . . .404Extinguishers, fire . . . . . . . . .438, 497

cabinets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .497Extruded polymer moulding . . . . .228Eye wash shower . . . . . . . . . . . . .536

F

Fabricdraperies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127erosion control . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608lead mesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .475stage curtain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .466wallcover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .438

Fabricated metals . . . . . . . . . . . . .390Facade screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .410Face board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145Face brick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212, 377Faceted glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .475Facing tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .377Facing, marble fireplace . . . . . . . .210Factory rep, cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . .317Fan lite doors . . . . . . . . . . . .110, 113Fan units, heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . .540Fans

garage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .332

turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .411wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128

Fans, ceiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142light kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142

Fans, exhaustattic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141-142bath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139-140bath switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141bath timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141bath vent kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141bath with heat . . . . . . . . . . .140-141bath with light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140commercial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .459roof vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .411utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139-140

Fascia (facia)forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .357gutter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408-409gutter adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . .410metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .406OSB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .278piecework rates . . . . . . . . . . .39, 76soffit system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .282vinyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .405wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

Fasteners, painting . . . . . . . . . . . .441Faucets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .249, 537Feather wedges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207Featherock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .609Feed water regulators . . . . . . . . . .544Fees

acoustical design . . . . . . . . . . . .134appraisal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18arbitration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19building permit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28engineer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134, 316estimating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .316overhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313recycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335scheduling . . . . . . . . . . . . .134, 314sewer connection . . . . . . . . . . . .314specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .317testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .320valuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18water meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315

Feltasphalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26, 405roofing . . . . . . . . . . . .260, 262, 405

Felton sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .360Female adapter

ABS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .519copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .516

Fencealuminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148athletic fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .469barbed wire topper . . . . . . . . . .623basketweave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147chain link . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142, 622demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .336electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143erosion control . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608face board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145gate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149hillside labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146ornamental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242painting metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440pet enclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143picket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148picket, vinyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149plastic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22post & rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149posts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144privacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144-145rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .334sediment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608shadowbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149silt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149split-rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148swimming pool . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150temporary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22, 334tennis court . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .470vinyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149wire mesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148wood gate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146

Fertilizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187, 628Fescue seeding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .629

Fibercant strips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .406forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .347roof coating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259

Fiber cementlap siding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264

Fiber floor, Tarkett . . . . . . . . . . . . .153Fiber mesh concrete reinforcing . . .85Fiber optic cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . .597Fiberboard wallboard . . . . . . . . . .296Fiberglass

asphalt shingles . . . . . . . . . . . . .261base sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260bathtubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247, 538ceilings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82doors, entry . . . . . . . . . . . . .112-113drains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .640duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178insulation . . . . . . . . . . .181, 402-403panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149pipe insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . .528septic tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268shower receptors . . . . . . . . . . . .275showers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248tub and shower combination . . .538whirlpool bath . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247

Fiberglass-reinforced plasticadhesive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18paneling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245

Fibermesh screen . . . . . . . . . . . . .267FICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .288Field offices, temporary, rental . . .333Fields, playing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .469Fill

caulking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79excavation . . . . . . . . .135, 342, 602rock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342, 609sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342slab base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342

Fill investigationcompacted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .320soil testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .282

Fillerblock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239panels, cabinet . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31wood filler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240

Filler stripcabinet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55chain link fence . . . . . . . . . . . . .142

Film, polyethylene . . . . . . . . . . . . .256Filter sock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126, 636Filter, air, central . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177Filters

exhaust hood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .459screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .298water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .534

Financing, project . . . . . . . . . . . . .314Fine grading

embankment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .601hand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135landscaping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .628pavement . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245, 614slabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .600

Finish carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51backing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51blocking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51cabinet installation . . . . . . . . . . . .55carpeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76cased openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52closet poles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55closet shelves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55countertops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96door accessories . . . . . . . .105, 423door casing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52door trim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52fireplace mantels . . . . . . . . . . . . .55fireplace surrounds . . . . . . . . . . .55flooring, wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55folding stairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287furring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .423job-built stairways . . . . . . . . . . .286locksets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53lumber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228mantels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210medicine cabinets . . . . . . . . . . .222moulding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54, 228paneling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54railings, stair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56

SAMPLE

653

running moulding . . . . . . . . . . . . .55sauna rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266shutters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .275siding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279skylights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280soffits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .282stair balusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56stairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56, 285thresholds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .288wall paneling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54wallboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296weatherstripping . . . . . . . . . . . .297window sills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .298window trim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

Finish grading . . . . . . . .135, 187, 245Finish hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .425Finishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .427

decks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .434gypsum wallboard . . . . . . . . . . .427plaster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246wallpaper . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296, 439

Finishingconcrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95, 359flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156nails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232

Fink truss . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49, 72, 399Finned tube radiation . . . . . . .542-543Fir

doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106-107flooring . . . . . . . .156, 195, 197-198

Firealarm breaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .575alarm systems . . . . . . . . . .438, 596alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151brick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214dampers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .596doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109, 419escapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .390extinguishers . . . . . . . . . . .438, 497hose cabinets . . . . . . . . . . . . . .497hydrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .632hydrants, demolition . . . . . . . . .337pole tower, playground . . . . . . .473protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .459protection equipment . . . . .495-496pumper connection . . . . . . . . . .497retardant treatments . . . . . . . . .209sprinkler systems . . . . . . . .150, 495suppression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .495wall hydrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .497

Fire-rated, doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . .419Fire retardant, treatment . . . . . . . .209Fireblocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45Firebrick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214Fireclay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214Fireplaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150

brick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152finish carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55gas-burning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152mantels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221, 377prefabricated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .377surrounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55wood-burning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151

Fireproof caulking . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78Fireproofing

cement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .411columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .413spray-on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .413testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209

Fire-rateddoor frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109

First aid, overhead . . . . . . . . . . . .313Fishtape, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .332Fittings

ABS bungalow . . . . . . . . . . . . . .518black steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .498copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .507CPVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .511CPVC and brass . . . . . . . . . . . .512drain pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126electrical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .568PEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .513PEX-AL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .515polyethylene pipe . . . . . . . . . . . .634PVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .510PVC water pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . .633

Fixtureselectrical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129, 190lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .593lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190, 593plumbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .540rough-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254

Flagpoles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .452aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .452foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453

Flagstonefloors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218, 221pavers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .618

Flameproofed draperies . . . . . . . .475Flanged pipe, cast iron . . . . . . . . .631Flanges

ABS closet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .519black steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .498

Flash cone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271, 273Flashing

aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .270aluminum siding . . . . . . . . . . . . .279building paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27compound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .339galvanized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271lead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273, 407masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .376paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27ridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263roof jack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .530roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263, 406sealant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78sheet metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .270skylight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .282vinyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273

Flexible conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .559Flexible strip doors . . . . . . . . . . . .422Flexure test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .318Flexwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .438Flight, photography . . . . . . . . . . . .316Float finish

concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95, 359glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .425

Float glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167, 426Float traps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .545Floating backing, steel . . . . . . . . . .69Floating hardwood flooring . . . . . .157Floodlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .592

rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .330Floor

adhesive . . . . . . . . . . . .18, 154, 159assemblies, wood framed . . . . . .33cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335decking, steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .388decking, subflooring . . .42, 61, 395drains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .520, 530drains, ABS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .520drains, plumbing . . . .530, 536, 540enamel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237equipment rental . . . . . . . . . . . .329flange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .519framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34furring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50grating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .390joists . . . . . . . . . .33-34, 40-41, 393joists, piecework . . . . . . . . . . . . .38joists, steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58, 73joists, steel blocking . . . . . . . . . .61leveling compound . . . . . . . . . .154mats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222painting . . . . . . . . . . . .240, 441-442piecework rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38plank, precast . . . . . . . . . . . . . .362plate, steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .388polishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240radiant heat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175safes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .265, 456sheathing . . . . . . . . . . . .33-34, 395shellacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240sinks, plumbing . . . . . . . . . . . . .540slab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .356slab, concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94slab, precast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .362staining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240steel, piecework . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73varnishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240waxing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240

Floor layer, wageindustrial & commercial . . . . . . .312residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Flooringaccess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .437anti-fatigue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .435artificial turf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .469asphalt tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .434bamboo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157brick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221carpet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76, 437carpet tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .437ceramic tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .292crossband parquet . . . . . . . . . .158demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . .101, 340Douglas fir . . . . . . . . .156, 195, 197finishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56fir . . . . . . . . . . . . .156, 195, 197-198flagstone . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218, 221floating hardwood . . . . . . . . . . .157gymnasium . . . . . . . . . . . .434, 469installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .434marble . . . . . . . . . . . .210, 291, 385masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221, 385non-slip tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .435parquet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .434pedestal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .437Pergo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157pine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155-156plank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155quarry tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385, 432raised, installation . . . . . . . . . . .437resilient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .434rubber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .436safety tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .435sheet vinyl . . . . . . . . . . . . .152, 434softwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156, 434stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .291Tarkett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153terrazzo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385, 436tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .434, 437tile, vinyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154tongue and groove . . . . . . . . . .157vinyl sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . .152, 434vinyl tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153, 434wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156, 434wood laminate . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157wood strip . . . . . . . . . .55, 154, 157

FlowGuard Gold pipe . . . . . . . . . .511Flue

fireplace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152lining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218, 377

Fluorescent, CFL . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193Fluorescent lighting . . . . . . . .190, 587Flush bushing, ABS . . . . . . . . . . . .520Flush doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124, 419

bi-fold closet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124birch exterior . . . . . . . . . . .106, 110birch interior . . . . . . . .115-116, 119fire-rated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109hardboard exterior . . . . . . .105, 110hardboard interior . . . .115-116, 118hardwood exterior . . . . . . .105, 110lauan exterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106lauan interior . . . . . . . . . . .116, 118oak entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107oak interior . . . . . . . . . . . . .116, 119steel exterior . . . . . . . . . . . .110-111steel utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110

Foam insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183Foam panel adhesive . . . . . . . . . . .18Foamglass insulation . . . . . . . . . .403Foil-backed gypsum . . . . . . . . . . .427Foil-faced insulation . . . . . . . . . . .401Folding beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25Folding doors . . . . . . . . . . . .122, 447

locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122Folding fire partitions . . . . . . . . . . .447Folding stairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287Food

beverage dispenser . . . . . . . . . .462deep fat fryers . . . . . . . . . . . . . .459freezers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .461meat and deli cases . . . . . . . . .458mixers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .461pizza preparation units . . . . . . .458pot and pan racks . . . . . . . . . . .460sandwich preparation units . . . .458service equipment . . . . . . . . . . .457stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .457toasters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .460warmers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .457work tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .458

Foot grille . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .478

Football goal posts . . . . . . . . . . . .470Footings

bell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .613bollard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .621caissons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .613column . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92concrete . . . . . . .84, 86, 92-93, 354continuous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . .100, 338drains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126estimating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93excavation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86, 343keyway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94spread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .380ties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86tilt-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .365

Forced air furnaces . . . . . . . . . . . .178Forged steel valves . . . . . . . . . . . .523Forklift, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .327Form stakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207Formboard, fiber deck . . . . . . . . .372Formica countertops . . . . . . . . . . . .96Forming

architectural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .345landing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .349soffits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .349

Formsbeam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .348board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88breaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358clamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358column . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343concrete . . . . . . . . . .86-87, 94, 343concrete insulated . . . . . . . . .86-87curb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88footing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88foundation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88keyway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88liner, architectural . . . . . . . . . . . .368liners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .345oil, concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358plastic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86-87plywood . . . . . . . .88, 343, 345, 372release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358shoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .610slab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .344snap ties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86spreader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358stakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86stripping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89ties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86, 358tilt-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .366wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88, 344

Formworkcolumn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .346-347concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343steel-framed plywood . . . . . . . .345steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .349stripping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89

Fortifiber products . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27Foundation

forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88, 343forms, reinforcing . . . . . . . . .88, 349formwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183investigation, soil testing . . . . . .283layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190placing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .354poisoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .283soil calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . .282stakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207trenching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .602vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .294waterproofing . . . . . . . . . . .296-297

Foundationsaccess door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295anchor bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .367anchors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58bell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .613bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159caissons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .613coating, asphalt . . . . . . . . . . . . .239concrete . . . . .84, 92, 343, 354, 356demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . .100, 338drains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .369excavation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342flagpoles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453footings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93-94injected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .613

SAMPLE

654

masonry walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . .380pile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .610pole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .593tilt-up construction . . . . . . . . . . .365

Fountainsdecorative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .490drinking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .250, 539drinking, handicapped . . . . . . . .481ornamental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .490rough-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .536wash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .539

Frame seal sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297Frames

door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109door, painting . . . . . . . . . . .242-243manhole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .642see-thru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .421window, painting . . . . . . . . . . . .241

Framingadhesive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17anchors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161backing and nailers . . . . . . . . . . .47beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45blocking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41bracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44canopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .390carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32ceiling joists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . .159, 161demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . .103, 338door openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43dormer studs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48fascia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49fireblocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45floor trusses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41furring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50grounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51ledgers and ribbons . . . . . . . . . . .47lumber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195, 202nails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231piecework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37piecework rates . . . . . . . . . . .39, 74posts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47roof sheathing . . . . . . . . . . . . .49-50roof trusses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57, 67, 387steel collar beams . . . . . . . . . . . .72steel exterior wall studs . . . . .63-64steel interior wall studs . . . . . .62-63steel stud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62subflooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42trimmers and curbs . . . . . . . . . . .48wall plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42wall sheathing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51wall stud wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . .393walls, exterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42window opening . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

Framing nails, screw shank . . . . .231Free access flooring . . . . . . . . . . .437Freezers

food service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .461medical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .474wiring (subcontract) . . . . . . . . . .129

Freight elevators . . . . . . . . . . . . . .494French doors . . . . . . . . . . . . .107, 117

interior, double . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120Frenchwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120Frequency meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . .576Fresnel globes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .591Fresnel-type spotlight . . . . . . . . . .467Frieze moulding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55Frieze vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .410Fringe benefits


FRPadhesive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18paneling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245

Fryers, commercial . . . . . . . . . . . .459Fuel grates, fireplace . . . . . . . . . . .151Fuel storage tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . .546Full-view storm doors . . . . . . . . . .114Fume hoods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .477

kitchen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .459laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .477

Fund control fees . . . . . . . . . . . . .314Fungus

preventor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209

Furnacesdirect vent gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178electric work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178forced air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177, 541gravity gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .541

Furnishingschurch glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .475window treatment . . . . . . . . . . . .475

Furring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .398, 428floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50studs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50

Fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .580FUTA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .288

G

Gabions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608Gable

roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36truss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49, 73, 399vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .294vents, power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141

GAF shingles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261Gallery mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223Galvanized

fabricated metals . . . . . . . . . . . .391flashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .487steel pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .498

Galvanizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .391Game equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . .470Garage doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165

hardware . . . . . . . . . . .165-166, 173locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165openers, wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . .128operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164seals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165weather seal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165

Garage, carport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77Garage, epoxy floor . . . . . . . . . . . .442Garbage disposers

commercial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .462electric work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .250residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .250

Garden window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302Garment rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .457Gas

appliance rough-in . . . . . . . . . . .255chlorination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255distribution lines . . . . . . . . . . . . .644furnaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177, 541griddle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .460heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .540log lighter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .644piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255, 644range, commercial . . . . . . . . . . .460regulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .644stops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .526storage tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .546valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151wall furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178water heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .530

Gas stationair and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .454cash box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .454equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453hydraulic hoist . . . . . . . . . . . . . .454pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453

Gas turbines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .584additional costs . . . . . . . . . . . . .585generator sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . .584heat recovery systems . . . . . . . .584

Gasketsneoprene . . . . . . . . . . . . . .407, 416sill plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183

Gasoline dispenser . . . . . . . . . . . .453Gate valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . .496, 523Gates

automatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .166barrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .454chain link fence . . . . . . . . . . . . .143hardware . . . . . . . . . .143, 148, 623

ornamental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .166parking control . . . . . . . . . . . . . .454security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115temporary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .334trash enclosure . . . . . . . . . . . . .369wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146wrought iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .391

Gateway, electronic . . . . . . . . . . . .131Gauges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .529

liquid level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .546Gel stain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239General contractor

crews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5markup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5, 211

General requirements . . . . . . . . . .313Generators . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131, 582

exhaust stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .585gas turbine, pollution control modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .586

motor-driven, pollution control modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .583

power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .587rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .329steam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287wind turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132

Geodesic dome, playground . . . .471Geographic cost adjustments . .12-15Geotextiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608Ginnies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207Girders

carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40, 393concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .354forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .348precast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .362shield flashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .387steel framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60

Girtsfireproofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .414steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .386

Glaslock interlocking shingles . . .261Glass

artwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .475bead moulding . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83, 335mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24sliding doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .420storefront . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .422window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .166, 425wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .421

Glass block . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219, 384accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219

Glazedblock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .382floor tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .431tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .290, 377

Glazier, wageindustrial & commercial . . . . . . .312residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Glazingcurtain walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .422polycarbonate . . . . . . . . . .426, 486sash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .425tempered glass . . . . . . . . . . . . .486

Globe valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .524Glove bags, asbestos . . . . . . . . . .341Glove painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440Glue, adhesives . . . . . . . . . . . . .17-18Glu-lam beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .399Goal posts, football . . . . . . . . . . . .470Goals, soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .470Golden Virola paneling . . . . . . . . .244Gooseneck

stair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56stair rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287

Grab barsbath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24, 449handicapped . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .482

Gradallrental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .326trenching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .602

Grade beamsconcrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86, 93formwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88

Graders, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .326Grading

embankment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .601excavation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135fine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136, 245finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245, 601hand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135landscaping . . . . . . . . . . . .187, 628

lumber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207scraper-hauler . . . . . . . . . . . . . .606site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .600slab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342tilt-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .365

Grand Sequoia shingles . . . . . . . .261Grandstands . . . . . . . . . . . . .468, 478Granite

aggregate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .353aggregate concrete . . . . . . . . . . .85bollards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .621countertop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96curb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .618decomposed edging . . . . . . . . .630masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .384paving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385, 618terrazzo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .291

Grassartificial turf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .469landscaping . . . . . . . . . . . .187, 629paving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246, 620seed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .629sod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188

Grasscloth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .438Grates

fireplace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .631

Gratings, steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .390Gravel

aggregate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18landscaping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630paving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246, 620riprap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .609slab base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94

Gravel guard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271Gravel stop . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271, 407

demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .339Grease

filters, exhaust hoods . . . . . . . . .459interceptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .533

Greenboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169Greenhouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167

panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149Greenwaste recycling . . . . . . . . . .335Grey iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .390Griddles, gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .460Grid-WALL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87Grilles

foot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .478security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .420, 489

Grills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .473kitchen, commercial . . . . . . . . . .460

Grinderspneumatic, rental . . . . . . . . . . . .323rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .329stump, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .330

Grinding concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . .360Grits, concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .359Ground cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630Ground fault interrupter . . . . . . . . .128Ground rod clamps . . . . . . . . . . . .571Ground wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .563Grounding

devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128, 571electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .571locknuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .571

Grounds, wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51concrete block cores . . . . .215, 381

Groutbrick pavers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .617concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .381door frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .381forms, tilt-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .368foundation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .359machine base . . . . . . . . . . . . . .359manhole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .643masonry . . . . . . . . . . .211, 215, 381mix, concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85pressure injected . . . . . . . .360, 643testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .291-292

Groutingconcrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96pipe joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .643pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .360, 643tilt-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .365

GRS conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .548Grubbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138, 599Guard

corner . . . . . . . . . . . . .169, 391, 448

SAMPLE

655

dog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268gravel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268

Guardrailaccess flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . .438construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .334demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .336highway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .620

Gunite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .360testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319

Guttersapron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95, 619copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . .101, 338ice-melting cable . . . . . . . . . . . .566inlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .643rain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168, 408rain disperser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .410sealant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78stainless steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . .410wire, duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .561

Gutting, demolition . . . . . . . . . . . .338Gym

equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .468floors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .434, 469

Gymnasium base . . . . . . . . . . . . .416Gypboard demolition . . . . . . . . . .338Gypsum

adhesive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17ceiling panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82decking, poured . . . . . . . . . . . . .372demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . .102, 338drywall . . . . . . . . . . . .168, 296, 427lath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188paint preparation . . . . . . . . . . . .241plaster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246, 430roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .372roofing, demolition . . . . . . . . . . .339

H

Hair interceptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . .533Hammering, concrete . . . . . . . . . .360Hammers

for pile drivers, rental . . . . . . . . .325rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .325, 329

Hand excavation . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135Handholes, electric . . . . . . . . . . . .547Handicapped

access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .480access parking . . . . . . . . . . . . .481door opener . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .483symbols, parking lot . . . . . . . . .621

Handle sets, door . . . . . . . . . . . . .170Handrails

access flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . .438iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150painting . . . . . . . . . . .240, 242, 442patio deck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99stair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56, 284, 286steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .389wall protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . .448wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226

Handy box, electric . . . . . . . . . . . .567Hanger rod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .522Hangers

angle bracket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .520channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .560clevis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .521conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .559header and joist . . . . . . . . . . . . .161painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .441pocket door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .396swivel ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .521timber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161

Hanging doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52Hardboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205

doors . . . . . . . . . . . . .105, 116, 118doors, fire-rated . . . . . . . . . . . . .109lap siding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .278panel siding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277paneling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244, 439wallcoverings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .439

Hardener, concrete . . . . . . . . . . . .359HardiPanel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277HardiPlank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277HardiTrim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277Hardware

bath accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . .24bi-fold door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125

cabinets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .477commercial and industrial . . . . .423door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .425finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .425garage door . . . . . . . .165-166, 173gate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148, 623partition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .446pocket door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172rule of thumb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .423threshold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .288

Hardwooddoors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105doors, fire-rated . . . . . . . . . . . . .109doors, prehung . . . . . . . . . . . . .110flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154, 434flooring demolition . . . . . . . . . . .101paneling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244plywood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244

Hat channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .428Hat racks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .457Hatches, roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .410Hauling

debris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .340excavation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .604truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138

Haunch forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .345Hazard surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341Hazards testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26HDPE drain pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . .636Header hangers . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161Header pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .607Headers

carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45, 393yard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .620

Heads, sprinkler . . . . . . . . . . . . . .626Hearths, marble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210Heat

detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .596generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .540recovery systems . . . . . . . . . . . .584

Heat exchanger foundations . . . . .370Heat pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179

accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179Heat-A-Lamp heater and fan . . . .141Heaters

baseboard . . . . . . . . .175-176, 541electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176floor units . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175-176food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .457gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .540gas wall furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . .177radiant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175-176rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .329solar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252, 532suspended units . . . . . . . . . . . .177water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252, 530wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128

Heatingceiling panels, radiant . . . . . . . .176central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175coil, heat pump . . . . . . . . . . . . .180electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176floor units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175hot water assembly . . . . . . . . . .255hybrid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175radiant ceiling panels . . . . . . . . .176radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .543solar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .532

Heating and venting . . . . . . . . . . .543Hedge trimmers, rental . . . . . . . . .330Help, software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Hem-fir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196

fascia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49Hemlock

boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120lumber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196molding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108

Henry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260HERS rating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185Hex bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234High boy threshold, oak . . . . . . . .108High early strength

cement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85

High-bay lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . .590High-intensity lighting . . . . . . . . . .590High-pressure sodium lighting . . .590Highway

equipment rental . . . . . . . . . . . .328stakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207

Hinges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53, 424gate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148

Hip roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36clay tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264fiber cement slate . . . . . . . . . . .264rafters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48sheathing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50shingles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261-262steel rafters . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70, 74trusses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74

Hoistsauto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .454construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .322freight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .494rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .332service station . . . . . . . . . . . . . .454

Hold down brackets . . . . . . . . . . . .58Hold downs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161Hollow core doors . . . . . . . . .116-117Hollow metal doors . . . . . . . .109, 416

frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .418Hollow metal, painting . . . . . . . . . .441Home energy rating . . . . . . . . . . .185Home inspection service . . . . . . . . .26Home networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130Home office cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313Hood filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .459Hoods

entrance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273exhaust, food service . . . . . . . . .459laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .477range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256-257range, quiet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257range, vented . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263

Hookscoat and hat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .457robe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

Hopper windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302Hopper, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .328Horizontal ladder, playground . . . .471Horns, paging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .597Hose

air, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .323bibbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .526clamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .294fire, cabinet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .497gate valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .527reel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .328

Hospitalcubicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .446freezers, refrigerators . . . . . . . . .474

Hot tub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248Hot water generators, hydronic . .541Hot water heaters

commercial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .530residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252

Hot water heating . . . . . .255, 542-543connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255gas, rough-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .498

Hot water storage tanks . . . . . . . .533Hot water supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254Hotmopping

roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258waterproofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .401

Hourly wagesindustrial & commercial . . . . . . .312residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

House paint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237House street numbers . . . . . . . . . .173Housewrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184

Tyvek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28Housing, manufactured . . . . . . . .484How to use this book . . . . . . . . . . . .3Hubs, lumber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207Humidifiers, wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . .128Humus, peat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .628Hurricane

protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .276shutters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .276ties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161

HVAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .540ducting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .486electric heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176furnaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177heat pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179hybrid central heating . . . . . . . .175hydronic heating . . . . . . . . . . . .173

mobile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .468radiant floor heating . . . . . . . . . .175residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180stage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .468

Hydrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .497demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315

Hydrated limebuilders’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .220soil conditioner . . . . . . . . . . . . . .628

Hydraulicdoor closers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105elevators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133excavators, rental . . . . . . . . . . . .326jacks, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .332truck cranes, rental . . . . . . . . . .322

Hydroblasting . . . . . . . . . . . .241, 266Hydronic

controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173, 542heating, floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175hot water generators . . . . . . . . .541radiators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .542

Hydroseeding, subcontract .188, 629Hypalon roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .406

I

I joist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41Ice and water shield . . . . . . . . . . . .27Ice cream dispenser . . . . . . . . . . .458Ice dam shield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27Ice plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630Ice storage unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .461Ice-maker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .461Ice-melting cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . .566ICF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86Identifying devices

for handicapped . . . . . . . . . . . .482signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .445

Illumination, street . . . . . . . . . . . . .490Illustrations, architectural . . . . . . . .20Impact windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . .304Imperial gypsum base . . . . . . . . .188Incandescent lighting . . . . . . . . . .192Incline lifts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133Indicator posts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .632Indicator valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .527Indicators, gauges . . . . . . . . . . . .529Indirect overhead . . . . . . . . . . . . .313Induction cooktops . . . . . . . . . . . .258Industrial wage rates . . . . . . . . . . .312Inertia sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .594Infiltration barrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28Infrared

elevator door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133heater and fan . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176thermography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185

Inlets, curb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .643Insect screens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267Inserts, concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . .359Inspection

building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-636, 643

Instructions for this book . . . . . . . . . .3Instrumentation, switchboard . . . .575Insulated siding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .404Insulating

board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167, 426roof deck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .372skylights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280

Insulation . . . . . . . . . . . .181, 184, 401analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185asbestos, removal . . . . . . . . . . .341board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .402-403board, demolition . . . . . . . . . . . .102cellular Foamglass . . . . . . . . . . .403cellulose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184cold box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .403Corbond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185deck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .372demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341encapsulated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182expanded polystyrene . . . .402-403FBX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184fiberglass . . . . . . . . . .181, 401-402foil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184housewrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440

SAMPLE

656

panel adhesive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18Perlite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .402Perlite board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .403pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .528polyisocyanurate . . . . . . . . . . . .402polystyrene . . . . . . . . .182, 402-403pouring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184R-Gard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183rockwool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .403SAFB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184sill gasket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183sound control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184sound control board . . . . .402, 427subcontract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185Super Tuff-R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .402testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26thermal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .401urethane sheathing . . . . . . . . . .183vermiculite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .402weatherstrip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .425

Insurancebonding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185contractor’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186included in costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186overhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313

Insurance, labor costindustrial & commercial . . . . . . .312residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Interceptors, plumbing . . . . . . . . .533Interest rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .314Interior doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120

birch, flush . . . . . . . . . . . . .115-116café . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118fir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117fire-rated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109flush . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116, 118-119full louver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117half louver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117hardboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115-116heater closet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119hemlock, prehung . . . . . . . . . . .120knotty alder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120lauan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117lauan, flush . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116oak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117, 119oak, flush . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116pine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117, 120prehung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119

Interior paint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237Interior wall assemblies . . . . . . . . . .34Interlocking paving stones . . . . . .385Interlocking shingles . . . . . . . . . . .261Intermediate bracing, steel framing .67Intermediate metal conduit . . . . . .553Internet connection . . . . . . . . . . . .130Inverter system, solar . . . . . . . . . .283Investigation, soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . .282Iron

cast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .391embedded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .391

Iron worker, wage . . . . . . . . . . . . .312Ironing boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187Ironwork

ornamental . . . . . . . . . . . . .150, 391railings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256, 390stairs, steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .390wrought iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .391

Irrigation systemscommercial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .623residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189-190sprinklers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .626

Island cabinets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31Ivy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630

J

Jackhammer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .601rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139, 323

Jackposts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187Jalousie window . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302Jamb

exterior door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108side stripping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

Jamb saws, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . .331Jamb sets

finger joint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118interior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118

solid clear pine . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118with hinges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118

James Hardie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277Jetting wellpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . .607Jib cranes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .495Jig saws, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .331Job site

costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .317, 321engineer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .316office . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313office, temporary, rental . . . . . . .333overhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313phone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .322security service . . . . . . . . . . . . .268

Job superintendent . . . . . . . . . . . .317Joint cleaning, pavement . . . . . . .617Joint compound . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168Joints

brick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85, 358form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .349masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .376-377mortar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211, 617paving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .617sandblasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .617

Joistsbridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160bridging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38, 393ceiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46, 67ceiling, steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .357demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33-34, 41floor or ceiling . . . . . . . . . . . .38, 73forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .357hanger nails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232I-joist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .441piecework rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38precast concrete . . . . . . . . . . . .362steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .388steel floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58steel framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73steel, piecework . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73TJI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

Jumbo brick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212Jumbo Tex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27Junction box, electric . . . . . . . . . .547Junior mesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188

K

Kalman course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .360Keene’s cement . . . . . . . . . .246, 430Key joints . . . . . . . . . . . .343-344, 349Keyed wall form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .345Keypad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .595Keys, construction . . . . . . . . . . . . .170Keyway form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88Kick plates

commercial . . . . . . . . . . . . .424-425residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171

Kitchencabinets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29, 477cabinets, installation . . . . . . . . . .55fans, commercial . . . . . . . . . . . .459sinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .250, 539sinks, rough-in . . . . . . . . . .254, 536

Kneelers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .465Kneewall cap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55Knob, dummy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .424Knock-down door frames . . . . . . .109Knockers, door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171Kraft-faced insulation . . . . . . . . . .401

L

Lab refrigerators . . . . . . . . . . . . . .474Labor codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Labor column defined . . . . . . . . . .7-9Labor costs

adjusting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4crews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-9defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

Labor productivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Labor rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

adjusting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11industrial & commercial . . . . . . .312residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Labor, painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240Lacquer thinner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240

Laddersattic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287horizontal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .471reinforcing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .376rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .329rolling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .463sliding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .389

Ladder-type wall reinforcement . . .376Ladle rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .458Lag bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234Lag shields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .561Lally columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39, 57Lamb’s tongue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256Laminate shingles, architectural

grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260Laminate wood flooring . . . . . . . .157Laminated plastic

cabinets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .477countertops . . . . . . . . . . . . .96, 477wallcoverings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .439

Laminated sandwich panels . . . . .405Laminated wood, glued beams

and timbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .399Lamp post wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129Lamps

CFL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193fixture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .593fluorescent . . . . . . . . . . . . .190, 587LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193

Landingsconcrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .480forming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .349stair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .286, 400steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .389

Landscapeirrigation wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192site curbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95

Landscaping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .629Lane delineator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22Lane spikes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .454Lap cement . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259-260Lap siding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .278

fiber cement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277spruce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .202

Laser level, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . .331Latchsets

commercial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .424passage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171privacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171

Latexblock filler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239deck, waterproofing . . . . . . . . . .297house paint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237masonry paint . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237painting, labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240primer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236, 297stain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238stucco paint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237

Lath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .429demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .338gypsum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188redwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200stakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207

Lather, wageindustrial & commercial . . . . . . .312residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Lathing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .429Lattice

moulding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242

Lauan doorsbi-fold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124flush . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106heater closet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119interior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116-118

Laundryclothes chutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .495clothesline units . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84sinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .250tub rough-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254

Lava rock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .384Lavatories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .538

bases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293cabinets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293china . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .249marble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210rough-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .535vanities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293

Lawnlighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192rollers, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .330seeding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187sprinkler system . . . . . . . . .189-190sprinklers . . . . . . . . . . . . . .624, 626

Lay-in ceiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

engineer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313, 316foundation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190stakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .316typical costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .317

Leach fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268Lead

flashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273, 407X-ray barriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .488

Lead mesh fabrics . . . . . . . . . . . .475Lead-based paint

removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .235, 439testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

Lease rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .586Lecterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .464LED light bulb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193Ledger flashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271Ledgers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47, 394LEED

air conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . .180certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .541hydronic boilers . . . . . . . . . . . . .173

Legal assistance, mobile . . . . . . . .20Let-in bracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44Let-in ribbons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47Letter boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .451-452Letter drop plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . .424Lettering, hand-painted . . . . . . . . .445Letters, signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .445Levee excavation . . . . . . . . . . . . . .607Levelers, dock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .455Leveling flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154Levels, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .330Lever locksets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170Lexan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .486L-flashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271Liability insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . .186Library

ladders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .463shelving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .463, 476

Lift slabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .356Lifting

cranes, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .325panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .368

Liftsdock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .455elevators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133incline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .327rolling platform, rental . . . . . . . .327wheelchair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133

Light bulbCFL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193

Light emitting diode . . . . . . . . . . .193Light standards, demolition . . . . .337Light towers, rental . . . . . . . . . . . .330Light, traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .490Light-gauge steel framing . . . . . . . .56Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190, 593

area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .593bus stop shelters . . . . . . . . . . . .483can . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192court . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .470decorative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .491demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337emergency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .592HID (high-intensity) . . . . . . .589-590landscape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192metal halide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .590ornamental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .491panelboards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .577poles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .593recessed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192stage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .467street . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .592temporary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313tennis court . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .470vandal-resistant . . . . . . . . . . . . .591yard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .592

Lighting fixtures . . . . . . . . . . .190, 593explosion-proof . . . . . . . . . . . . .591exterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .593

SAMPLE

657

fluorescent . . . . . . . . . . . . .190, 587high-intensity (HID) . . . . . . .589-590indoor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .593obstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .591outdoor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190, 593outlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129

Lightningarrestor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129rods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129

Lightsbarricade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22solar powered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

Lightweight concrete . . . .85, 353, 372Lime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .628

builders’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .220field marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .220landscaping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187mason’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .220soil conditioner . . . . . . . . . .187, 628

Limestonemasonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .384paving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .619soil conditioner . . . . . . . . . . . . . .628

Linen chutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .495Liner, form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .345, 347Link mats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222Lintels

masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .386steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .391

Liquid level gauge . . . . . . . . .174, 546Liquid-tight conduit . . . . . . . . . . . .559Loadcenters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .578Loaders

excavation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .602grading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138-139grading, rental . . . . . . . . . .326-327

Loading docksconcrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .357equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .455

Loading trucks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .604Loading trucks by hand . . . . . . . .135Loan fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .314Local area network (LAN) . . . . . . .131Lockers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .451

demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341Locknuts, grounding . . . . . . . . . . .571Locks

deadbolt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171door, folding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122garage door . . . . . . . . . . . .165-166

Locksets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .424colonial knob . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170commercial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .424deadbolt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53egg knob . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170keyed entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170lever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170mortise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171partition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .446

Lockwashers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234Log homes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193

finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238floor system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193rafter systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194siding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .202

Log lap siding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .202Loudspeaker systems . . . . . . . . . .597Louvered doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120Louvers

access doors . . . . . . . . . . .255, 529door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .421egg crate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80parabolic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81shutters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .275vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . .294-296, 410windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302

Low-bay lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . .590Low-boy, trash disposal . . . . . . . .335Low-pressure polyethylene pipe . .634Low-Sound bath fan . . . . . . . . . . .140L-straps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163Lube rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453Lumber

alternative building materials . . . . . . . . . . . .98-99, 206

boards . . . . . . . . . . . . .195, 197-199building poles . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206cedar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199

common . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .202eastern pine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195, 197finish trim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .202grading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207hemlock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207moulding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228oak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199, 224plywood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204Ponderosa pine . . . . . . . . . . . . .198posts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206recycled composite . . . . . . . .98-99recycled plastic . . . . . . . . . .98, 206red cedar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199southern pine . . . . . . . . . . .196-197specialty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206stakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207timbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .202treated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209trim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228wall sheathing . . . . . . . . . . . . . .396West coast . . . . . . . . .196, 200, 203white pine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198

Luminaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .587LVL Beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .400

M

Machine bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234Machinery

appraisal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440

Mahogany doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106Mail

chutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .451conveyors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .495drop plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .424

Mailboxesbrass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .451commercial . . . . . . . . . . . . .451-452residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209

Male adapterABS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .519copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .516

Man safes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266Manager, office . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313Manholes

covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .643cut-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337electric pull boxes . . . . . . . . . . .547frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .642precast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .642repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .643rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .390

Manhours defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Mannington flooring . . . . . . . . . . .153Mansards, sheet metal . . . . . . . . .406Mantels

door and window . . . . . . . . . . . .298fireplace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209-210labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55marble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210

Manual excavation . . . . . . . . . . . .606Manufactured housing . . . . . . . . .484Manure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .628Map display panel . . . . . . . . . . . . .484Maple paneling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244Mapping, aerial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .316Marble

bases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385flooring . . . . . . . . . . . .210, 291, 385masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .384setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210sills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .298specialties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385thresholds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .291vanity tops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97

Marble setter, wageindustrial & commercial . . . . . . .312residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Margin, profit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211Marine

adhesive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78plywood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205varnish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238

Markerboard, chalkboard . . . . . . .444Markers, road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .621Marking

parking lot spaces . . . . . . . . . . .621pavement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .621

Markup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313contingency . . . . . . . . . . . .210-211general contractor . . . . . . . . . . . . .5project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313subcontractor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Masking, surface prep . . . . . . . . .442Masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221, 374

acid-proof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .378anchors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .561block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215, 381brick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .377cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .375demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . .100, 338fireplace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150furring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50glass block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .374materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221, 377mortar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221nails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232paint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241, 441pointing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .375preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241recycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335reinforcing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .375sandblasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266sawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373steam cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . .375surface prep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .441testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319waterproofer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237waterproofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297

Mass excavation . . . . . . . . . . . . . .605Mastercure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95, 359Mastic

adhesives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .441roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .291-292

Mat reinforcing steel . . . . . . . . . . .353Material costs defined . . . . . . . . . . . .3Material demolition . . . . . . . . . . . .341Material handling systems . . . . . .495Material hoist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .322Material lifts, rental . . . . . . . . . . . .327Mats

entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222, 478erosion control . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608

Mattress and box springs, folding beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

MC cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .565MDF moulding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228MDO plywood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204Meat and deli case . . . . . . . . . . . .458Meat saw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .458Mechanical drawing, architectural .126Mediation

fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19mobile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

Medical, refrigerators . . . . . . . . . .474Medicare payroll taxes . . . . . . . . .288Medicine cabinets . . . . . . . . .222, 449Medium-density plywood . . . . . . .204Medley sheet vinyl flooring . . . . . .434Membrane

detaching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95Ditra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95poly film . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .405slab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94, 342underlayment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95waterproofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297

Mercury vapor lights . . . . . . . . . . .589Mesh

reinforcing . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91, 352steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91

Mesh, steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .349Metal

buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .487door frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .418doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109facing panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .405halide lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .590lath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .429

painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440-441painting, preparation . . . . . . . . .241pans, ceiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82primer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236, 238roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263screen doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113studs, demolition . . . . . . . . . . . .338

Metal detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .491rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .332

Metal roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263Metal

siding, painting . . . . . . . . . . . . .440trim, painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440

Metal-clad cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . .565Metal-framed shaft walls . . . . . . . .431Metals

aluminum screens . . . . . . . . . . .391fabricated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .390ornamental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .391

Meter boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223, 578Meters

electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .576fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .644steam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .529water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315

Met-tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263Microphone

public address . . . . . . . . . . . . . .597stage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .467

Microwave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .460cabinets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

Midget louvers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295Milano awnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .475Milgard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302Milling, cold, asphalt . . . . . . . . . . .615Millwork, treatment . . . . . . . . . . . .208Millwright, wage


Mineral insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . .403Mineral spirits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240Mineral surface roll roofing . . . . . .260Mini-brick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213

pavers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214Mini-mat reinforcing . . . . . . . . . . .353Mining camp barracks . . . . . . . . .484Miradrain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608Mirafi fabrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608Miraflex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182Mirrored doors

bi-fold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125bypass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123

Mirrorsarches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223bath accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . .24beveled edge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223framed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223frosted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223medicine cabinet . . . . . . . . . . . .222unframed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .426vanity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223

Missionbrick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214paver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214tile roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264

Miter saws, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . .331Mitt, painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440Mix design, concrete . . . . . . . . . . .318Mixers, cement, rental . . . . . . . . . .324Mixers, food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .461Mixing valves, thermostatic . . . . . .545Mobile home port . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77Mobile mediation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20Mobilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .317

cost defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3piles, earthwork . . . . . . . . . . . . .610

Modification factors, area . . . . .12-15,Modified bitumen

adhesive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260SBS roll roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . .260

Modularbrick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211-212cabinets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29carpet tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .437

Modulating valves . . . . . . . . . . . . .527Moisture protection . . . . . . . .256, 401Moisture test, soil . . . . . . . . . . . . .282Moisture-resistant drywall . . . . . . .169

SAMPLE

658

Molding (moulding)brick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108cabinet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53fireplace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55hardwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224MDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228redwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224softwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225stop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108stucco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108T-astragal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109vinyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228

Monitor panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .596Monitors, alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267Mono rock, concrete . . . . . . . . . . .360Monolithic topping, concrete . . . .360Monorail for electric hoists . . . . . .494Monuments, survey . . . . . . . . . . . .316Mop resilient floor . . . . . . . . . . . . .335Mop sink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .461, 539

rough-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .536Moped racks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .479Morgue equipment . . . . . . . . . . . .474Mortar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211

bed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .291block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215cement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .220, 617glass block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219masonry . . . . . . . . . . .211, 220-221mix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82paving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .619testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .292trowel-ready . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .220

Mortisehinges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172lockset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171

Mosaic and terrazzo worker, wageindustrial & commercial . . . . . . .312residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Mosaic tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .290, 432Moss preventor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271Motor

connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .572generator sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . .582starters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .572

Motor graders, rental . . . . . . . . . . .326Motorcycle racks . . . . . . . . . . . . . .479Motors, electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .571Movable partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . .446Moving

excavated material . . . . . . . . . . .604stairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .494structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341

Mud sills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .393anchors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58, 161

Mulch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188Mullion casing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226

N

Nailer strip, carpentry . . . . . . .47, 393Nailers, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .330Nailing sheathing . . . . . . . . . . . . . .395Nailite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280Nails

aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229brads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231casing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231coil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231coil roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232collated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231-232common . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229deck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230drywall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231duplex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233finishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231joist hanger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232plasterboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232scaffold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233screw shank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231siding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233sinkers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230stainless steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232stick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231vinyl-coated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230

Napkin dispenser . . . . . . . . . . . . .448Narroline patio doors . . . . . . . . . .121Natural gas

meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .644rough-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255

NCX treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209Needle gun finish . . . . . . . . . . . . .360Needle scaling paint removal . . . .235Neo-angle shower . . . . . . . . . . . . .275Neoprene

gaskets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .407joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .415weatherstrip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .425

Netssafety, scaffolding . . . . . . . . . . .332tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .470

Netting, stucco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188Network cable . . . . . . . .130, 463-464Networking systems . . . . . . . . . . .131Networks

educational . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .463residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130

Newel posts . . .56, 256, 284, 285-286NFPA fire sprinklers . . . . . . . . . . . .150NM-B cable (Romex) . . . . . . . . . . .564Noise analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134Non-metallic

cable (Romex) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .564conduit, flexible . . . . . . . . . . . . .558

Non-slip strips . . . . . . . . . . . .222, 435Norman

brick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211-212pavers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214

Nosingflooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154sill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .289steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .390

Nozzle, sandblast, rental . . . . . . . .328Numbers, sign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173NuTone . . . . . . . . . .140-141, 256-257Nuts, hex head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234Nylon carpet . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76, 437

O

Oakboards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199doors . . . . . . . . . . . . .106, 116, 119doors, entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154, 434moulding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224paneling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244parquet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158plywood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205threshold . . . . . . . . . .108, 224, 289

Obstruction lighting . . . . . . . . . . . .591Octagonal window . . . . . . . . . . . .306Office

clerk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313job site, temporary, rental . . . . .333manager cost . . . . . . . . . . .313, 317overhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .446

Officesmanufactured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .484temporary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313temporary, rental . . . . . . . . . . . .333

Oilconcrete form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358storage tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .546

Oil and latex stain . . . . . . . . . . . . .238Oil-based

enamel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238exterior primer-sealer . . . . . . . . .236stain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238-239

Openers, garage door . . . . . . . . .164Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .416Operating engineer, wage,

residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Orchard clearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . .599Organic impurities . . . . . . . . . . . . .317Ornamental

fence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148gates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .166metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256, 391railings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .389rock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .609screens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .391

OS&Y valves . . . . . . . . . . . . .496, 523

OSB (Oriented Strand Board) . . . .278paneling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .396panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205roof panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .396roof sheathing . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195sheathing . . . . .42, 51, 62, 394-395siding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .278subfloor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42, 62

Osmosis filters, water . . . . . . . . . .534Outdoor lighting . . . . . . . . . .192, 593Outlet boxes, electrical . . . . . . . . .566Outlet circuit receptacle . . . . . . . .548Outlets, electric . . . . . . . . . . .129, 568Outside corner moulding . . . . . . .228Ovens

built-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258cabinets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30commercial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .460convection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .460electrical work . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129microwave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .460pastry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .460residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257-258

Overhang, painting . . . . . . . . . . . .242Overhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313

costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313markup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211

Overhead doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . .419Overhead electrical distribution . .581Owens Corning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261

P

PA (Public Address) system . . . . .468Padre

brick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212pavers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214

Padscarpet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .355

Paging systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .597Paint

pool coating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .235, 439remover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26textured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237thinner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239

Painter, wageindustrial & commercial . . . . . . .312residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243athletic courts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .471cleaning, prep with power tools 440cleanup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335clear finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238compressors for spray painting .241concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .441conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .441cost breakdown, subcontract . .241curbs, red . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .621deck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .441door frames . . . . . . . . . . . .242-243epoxy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .441-442exterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240, 243exterior latex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237fence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .442handrails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .442industrial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440interior . . . . . . . . . . . .237, 240, 243interior prep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .442joists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .441latex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237latex exterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237, 441mastic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .441oil stain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440pool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .442porch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .442porch and floor . . . . . . . . . . . . .237roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259rule of thumb, subcontract . . . .241sandblasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266shingles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .442siding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440, 442speed bumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .614spheres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .441

spray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241sprayers, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . .331stain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440stucco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237, 441subcontract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241surface prep . . . . . . . . . . . .440-441swimming pool . . . . . . . . . . . . . .442tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .441urethane finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238varathane finish . . . . . . . . . . . . .238waterproofer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239waterproofing . . . . . . . . . . .238-239wood deck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .442wood finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238wood preservative . . . . . . . . . . .239

Paling, rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99Pan forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .348Pan racks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .460Panel

adhesive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18box, wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129breaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .577circuit breaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . .580enclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .568

Panelboards, electrical . . . . . . . . .577Paneling

beaded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244birch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244cedar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79, 244FRP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245Golden Virola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244hardboard . . . . . . . . . . . . .244, 439hickory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244maple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244oak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244pine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244sound reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . .468vinyl-clad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245wainscot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54Z-brick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245

Panelizedroof system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .396shingle siding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279

Panelsfiberglass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149greenhouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149moulding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226radiant heating, ceiling . . . . . . .176roofing, solar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .283steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263sun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149wood walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .397

Panic button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267Panic door hardware . . . . . . .172, 424Pans, water heater safety . . . . . . .531Pantry cabinets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30Paper

building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26, 28dispensers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .449roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .262wallcover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .438

Paperhanging . . . . . . . . . . . .296, 438Parabolic louvers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81Parapet

coping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .357reglet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .368

Pargeting, masonry . . . . . . . . . . . .386Park benches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .478Park

grills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .473surveillance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .490

Parkingaccess control . . . . . . . . . . . . . .454blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .621bumper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .620control equipment . . . . . . . . . . .454handicapped symbol . . . . . . . . .621lot, paving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .615reflective lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . .621stalls, for handicapped . . . . . . .481traffic symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . .621

Parquet flooring . . . . . . . . . . .158, 434Particle emissions reduction,

pollution control . . . . . . . . . . . . .586Particleboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205

carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .398underlayment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .398

SAMPLE

659

Parting bead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226Partitions

cubicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .446demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .338dust control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .340fire rated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .447folding doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .447framing, piecework . . . . . . . .37, 73framing, steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73marble, toilet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .446non-bearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .447office . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .446toilet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .446wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .447

Passage latch . . . . . . . . . . . .171, 424Passenger elevators . . . . . . . . . . .493Passive solar heat . . . . . . . . . . . . .252Paste wood filler . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240Pastry oven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .460Patch panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .464Patching

concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95, 368plastic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239

Path lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192Patio

blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .618carports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221

Patio doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121-122aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120fiberglass, swinging . . . . . . . . . .122gliding, vinyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121hinged, vinyl-clad . . . . . . . . . . . .120pet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122sliding wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121steel, double . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122swinging, double . . . . . . . . . . . .120vinyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121

Pavementasphaltic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245breakers, rental . . . . . . . . .323, 328concrete . . . . . . . . .84, 94, 246, 616demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . .102, 335line marker, rental . . . . . . . . . . . .328line markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .621marking, removal . . . . . . . . . . . .336sawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .374stripers, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . .328striping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .621sweeping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .616symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .621

Paversbrick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214, 385bullnose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217, 385interlocking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385landscaping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .618masonry grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385rubber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .471slate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385split . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214terrazzo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .291

Pavingasphalt . . . . . . . . . . . .245, 614-615brick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245, 617cold milling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .615concrete . . . . . . . . .84, 94, 246, 616demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . .102, 335equipment rental . . . . . . . . . . . .328grass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246, 620joint treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . .617machine, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . .328parking lots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .615repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .615stones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385subcontract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246, 620

Payment bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187Payroll taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .288PCBs, removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .439Pea gravel

concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85landscaping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630riprap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .609

Peat humus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .628

Pedestal flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . .437Pedestrian bridge . . . . . . . . . . . . .491Peep sights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171Pegboard, hardboard . . . . . . . . . .439Penetrating stain . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238Penny nail sizes, defined . . . . . . . .229Pension costs, defined . . . . . . . . . . .3Percolation testing . . . . . . . . . . . . .268Percolator, coffee . . . . . . . . . . . . . .462Perforated pipe . . . . . . . . . . .635, 637Performance bonds . . . . . . . . . . . .187Pergo wood flooring . . . . . . . . . . .157

installation kit, rental . . . . . . . . .329Pergola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98Perimeter door seal . . . . . . . . . . . .456Perimeter wall insulation . . . . . . . .183Perling, steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72Perlite soil conditioner . . . . . . . . . .628Permanent bond adhesive . . . . . .260Permits

building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28well drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .298

Pest controlsoil treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .283wood treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . .209

Petdoors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122enclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143

Petroleum storage tanks . . . . . . . .546Pews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .464PEX pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .513PEX-AL pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .515Pharmacy refrigerators . . . . . . . . .474Phone support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Phones

temporary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .596

Photo mapping, aerial . . . . . . . . . .316Photo micrographs . . . . . . . . . . . .320Photoelectric

sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .594switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .570

Photographsaerial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .316construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .321retouching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .321

Photovoltaic systems . . . . . . . . . .587Picket fence . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148-149

painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242Pickling stain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239Picture moulding . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226Picture rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55Picture window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302Pictures, job site . . . . . . . . . . . . . .321Piecework, carpentry . . .37-39, 74-76Pier

blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39caps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .393pads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39

Pilasters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134cabinets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31moulding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242

Pile caps, concrete . . . . . . . . . . . .343Pile driver, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . .325Pile driver, wage . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312Pile driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .610Pile foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .610Piles

landscaping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208

Piling, sheet steel . . . . . . . . . . . . .610Pine

building poles . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206decks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98door casing, fluted . . . . . . . . . . .108eastern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155-156jamb sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118lumber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198paneling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244

Ponderosa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198siding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200-201southern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196-197stakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207timber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198

PipeABS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126, 516asbestos removal . . . . . . . . . . .341

black steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .498cast iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .631clamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .522clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .640cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .636columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .387concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .637conveyors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .495copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .507, 516corrugated metal . . . . . . . .638, 639corrugated polyethylene . . . . . .636CPVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .511-512culvert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .638cutters, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .331demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337drainage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126, 516drainage tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .639ductile iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .633DWV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .516elliptical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .638equipment rental . . . . . . . . . . . .331fire protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .512foundation drains . . . . . . . . . . . .126gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255, 644grouting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .643guard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .368guides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .522inspection . . . . . . . . . .635-636, 643insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .528insulation, asbestos removal . . .341insulation, painting . . . . . . . . . . .440jacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .644levels, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .331locating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .321painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440perforated . . . . . . . . . . . . . .636-637PEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .513PEX-AL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .515piles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .612plastic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126, 635polyethylene . . . .126, 623, 626, 644polyethylene corrugated . . . . . .640PVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .516PVC Schedule 40 . . . . . . . . . . . .625PVC Schedule 80 . . . . . . . . . . . .510PVC sewer pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . .269railing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .390rolls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .522sewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268sewer, PVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .636sterilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635storm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .638straps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .522troubleshooting service . . . . . . .269valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .527vitrified clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269water, PVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .633

Pipefitter, wage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312Piping, gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255Pitch pockets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .407Pits, excavation, dug by hand . . . .136Pizza preparation unit . . . . . . . . . .458Placing concrete . . . . . . . . . . .95, 352Plan check fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28Plank

flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56, 155precast concrete . . . . . . . . . . . .362scaffold, aluminum extension, pur-chase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .333scaffold, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . .333

Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25Plants, landscape . . . . . . . . . . . . .629Plaques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .445Plaster

accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .430demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . .102, 338ground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .415labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246, 430mixer, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .324painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .566soffits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246stucco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .430

Plasterboarddrywall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .427nails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232

Plasterer, wageindustrial & commercial . . . . . . .312residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Plasterer’s helper, wage,industrial & commercial . . . . . . .312residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Plastering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246, 430fireproofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .413stucco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .430

Plasterkraft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27Plastic

countertops, laminated . . . . . . .477drain pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86-87laminates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .439lumber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99, 206resin glue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18sewer pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269shutters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .275siding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279skylights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280speed bumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .621tarps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .288tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .432vapor barrier . . . . . . . . . . . .256, 356

Plasticized concrete . . . . . . . . . . . .85Plate straps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164Plates

carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . .40, 57, 393carpentry piecework . . . . . . .42, 67door hardware . . . . . . . . . .171, 425electrical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .570splash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

Platform liftsdock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .455rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .327

Platform, aerial, rental . . . . . . . . . .327Platform, scaffold, purchase . . . . .333Playground equipment . . . . . . . . .471Playing fields, synthetic . . . . . . . . .469Plenum cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .598Plexiglas . . . . . . . . . . . .167, 426, 484Plinth block, MDF . . . . . . . . . . . . .228Plugmould . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .562Plugs

cleanout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .520electrical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .569test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .519

Plumber, wageindustrial & commercial . . . . . . .312residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Plumber’s flash cone . . . . . . . . . .407Plumber’s tape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .522Plumbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .498

access doors . . . . . . . . . . .255, 529area drains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .530assemblies . . . . . . . . .253, 534, 536cleanouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .530copper DWV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .516drinking fountains . . . . . . . . . . .250equipment rental . . . . . . . . . . . .331fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .540fixtures, cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . .83floor drains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .530for handicapped . . . . . . . . . . . .482piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .536roof drains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .530rough-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254, 536systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253water softener . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252

Plyclips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163Plyform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204, 343Plywood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204, 394

backboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .464birch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205cap moulding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228cedar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205ceiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54deck, waterproofing . . . . . . . . . .297demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102exterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204fence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .334forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88, 343framing clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163lumber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204marine-grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205MDO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204oak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205paneling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244, 396piecework rates . . . . . . . . . . .39, 74roof panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .396sheathing . . . . . . . . .42, 51, 61, 394

SAMPLE

660

sheathing, piecework . . . . . . .39, 76siding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204, 278softwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204structural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204subfloor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42, 61subfloor, piecework . . . . . . . .39, 76treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209underlayment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .436

Pneumaticdemolition . . . . . . . . . . . . .103, 338door closers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105excavation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138hammer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .601pipe systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .495tampers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603tools, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .323tube systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .495

Pocket doorsedge pull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172hangers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172hardware . . . . . . . . . . . .53, 171-172kit, converging . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172

Pointing, masonry . . . . . . . . .374-375Poisoning soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .283Poles

building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206closets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .364cross arms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .581demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337flag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .452foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .593job sign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .321lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .593lumber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206playground . . . . . . . . . . . . .471, 473power distribution . . . . . . . . . . .581pressure-treated . . . . . . . . . . . . .206removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208

Polishingfloors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240woodwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243

Pollution control . . . . . . . . . . .583, 586Poly E Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .626Polybutene tape . . . . . . . . . . . . . .416Polycarbonate

glazing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .486sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167, 426skylights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280

Polyester fabric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260Polyethylene

corrugated pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . .640film . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256gas pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .644membrane, slab . . . . . .94, 342, 356pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126, 623tarps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .288tilt-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .365

Poly-faced insulation . . . . . . . . . . .182Polyisobutylene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .416Polyisocyanurate insulation . .183, 402Polypropylene mesh reinforcing . . .85Polystyrene

board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .402insulation . . . . . . .182-183, 402-403insulation board . . . . . . . . . . . . .402roof deck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .403

Polyurethanefloor finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56paint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .442sealant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .414

Ponderosa pineboards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198lumber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198mantels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210

Pool, swimmingcoating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239complete installation . . . . . . . . .480cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .480deck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .372fences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150gunite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .360heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239, 442resurfacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373

Poplar flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155Pop-up sprinklers . . . . . . . . . . . . .190

Porcelain tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . .290-291Porch

columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84enamel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237enclosed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167lifts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242, 442posts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256

Porous paving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246Portable structures . . . . . . . . . . . .484Portable toilet (Port-a-Potty) . . . . .313Portland cement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82Post

anchors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163bases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163caps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163column forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .632painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .442

Post holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144fences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .622footings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .622

Postal specialties . . . . . . . . . . . . . .451Posts

athletic equipment . . . . . . . . . . .470barrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .456bollards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .620building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206cabinet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39, 45deck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98-99fence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144guardrail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .620jackposts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187newel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56porch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84pressure-treated . . . . . . . . . . . . .206redwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206sawn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206treatment, lumber preservation .208

Pot hooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .458, 460Pot racks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .460Pot wash sink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .461Pour strip, tilt-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . .366Pouring

concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95, 354insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184, 402

Pour-stop forms . . . . . . . . . . .343, 345Powder-driven fasteners . . . . . . . .233Power

cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .565conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .548distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .581EMT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .552generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .587panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .577solar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .587temporary, pole rental . . . .313, 321underground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .547

Power factor meter . . . . . . . . . . . .576Power generator exhaust stack . . .585Power ventilators

attic gable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141roof-mount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142

Precastbeams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .362columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .363concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .360, 638culvert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .638double tees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .363drains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .640floor plank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .362floor slab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .362girders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .362joists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .362manholes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .642panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .360stairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .363

Precipitators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .459Pre-engineered buildings . . . . . . .487Preformed siding . . . . . . . . . . . . . .404Prehung doors . . . . .52, 118-120, 419

double . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119exterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109-111fire-rated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109French . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120hardboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110heater closet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119

oak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119patio, steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111-112, 418

Preliminary soil investigation . . . . .282Prepare surface,

painting . . . . . . . . . . . .241, 441-442Preservation, lumber . . . . . . . . . . .209Preservative, wood . . . . . . . . . . . .239Pressure

controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .529gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .529grouting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .360mats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267regulators, gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . .644regulators, hydronic heating . . .544treatment, lumber . . . . . . . . . . . .209vacuum breaker . . . . . . . . . . . . .315

Pressure washer, rental . . . . . . . . .331Pressure washing . . . . . . . . . .241-440Pressure-reducing valves . . .526, 544Pressure-treated lumber . . . . . . . .203Prestique shingles . . . . . . . . . . . . .261Prestressed concrete . . . . . . . . . .364Prime coat, pavement . . . . . . . . . .616Primer

asphalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .471clean metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238linseed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241sealer, oil-based . . . . . . . . . . . . .236

Prints, plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25Privacy latchset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171Processed lime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .220Profit, markup . . . . . . . . . . . .211, 313Project

cost adjustments . . . . . . . . . .12-15financing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .314manager cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313scheduling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .314

Projector screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . .468Propane

furnaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .546water heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251

Property boundaries . . . . . . . . . . .316Provisa range hood . . . . . . . . . . . .257P-traps, ABS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .520Public address systems . . . .468, 597Pull box, electrical . . . . . . . . .547, 567Pull plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171, 425Pulls, edge, pocket door . . . . . . . .172Pulpits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .464Pump mix concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . .85Pumper firehose connection . . . . .497Pumping

concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .354dewatering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .607well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .298

Pumpselectrical connections . . . . . . . .129foundation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .370gasoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .327sewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269sump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .533sump, wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130

Punch down, network cable . . . . .464Punch-down blocks . . . . . . . . . . .598Purlins

anchors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48, 393fireproofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .414hangers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .386steel framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

Purse shelf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .446Push plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171, 425Putty, glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241PVC

clamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .556conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .553conduit body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .555conduit box adapter . . . . . . . . . .554conduit with wire . . . . . . . . . . . .556end bell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .554flashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273jacketed copper tubing . . . . . . .509

pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268, 510pipe, Schedule 40 . . . . . . . . . . .625reducer bushing . . . . . . . . . . . . .554sewer pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . .269, 636water pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .633

Q

Quality control engineer . . . . . . . .316Quantities defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Quarry tile

flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385, 432masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221, 385wall tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385

Quarry work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .601Quarter round mould . . . . . . . . . . .227Quarter round moulding . . . . . . . .224Quartz heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176Quick coupling valves . . . . . . . . . .627QuieTTest exhaust fan . . . . . . . . . .140Quietzone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184Quonset huts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .487

R

Raceway, electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . .561Racks

coat and hat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .457garment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .457kitchen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .460ladle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .458pots and pans . . . . . . . . . . . . . .460towel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

Racks, securitybicycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .479motorcycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .479

Radial wall forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . .345Radiant heat, floor . . . . . . . . . . . . .175Radiant heating . . . . . . . . . . .176, 483Radiation protection . . . . . . . . . . .488Radiators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .543Radio studio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .492Radioactivity, removal . . . . . . . . . .439Radon gas, testing . . . . . . . . . . . . .26Rafters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36, 393

bay vent channel . . . . . . . . . . . .295demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . .103, 338log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194piecework rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39rough carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47spacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295steel framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70steel, piecework rates . . . . . . . . .74timber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295

Railcommunion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .465fence . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144-145, 148guard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .334hand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150molding, cabinets . . . . . . . . . . . .31painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .442stair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .286

Railingaccess flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . .438aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .389brass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .389handicapped . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .481highway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .620painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240, 242patio deck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99porch, steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256stair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56stair, wood . . . . . . . . . . . . .285, 400steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256, 390temporary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .334tubular . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .389wrought iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .389

Railroad demolition . . . . . . . . . . . .337Rain diverter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271Rain gutters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168Raised floors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .437Rammers

compacting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .324

Ramp forms, riser . . . . . . . . . . . . .349Ramps

access flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . .438handicapped . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .480rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .332

SAMPLE

661

Ranch casing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108Range circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .548Range hood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256

Ballista . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257convertible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256custom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257food service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .459Provisa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257vented . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256

Range support, cabinets . . . . . . . . .31Ranges

electrical work . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129gas, commercial . . . . . . . . . . . .460residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257

Rastra Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87Rates, labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-9Rattan black paper . . . . . . . . . . . . .27Reactivity testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . .317Ready-mix concrete . . . . . . . . . . . .84Rebar

chairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .351concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89, 349epoxy-coated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .349footings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .349masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .375rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .351slabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .350splicing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .352stirrup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .351

Receptacles, electric . . . . . . .129, 568cover plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .570outlet circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .548wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129

Receptors, shower . . . . . . . . . . . .275Recessed lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . .192Recording meters . . . . . . . . . . . . .576Recycling fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335Red cedar

beams and timbers . . . . . . . . . .202boards, fence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148lumber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196shakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .262shingles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .262siding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200

Red oakboards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199closet doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106, 117

Red oxide primer . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236Red rosin sheathing . . . . . . . . . . . .27Reducer strip, flooring . . . . . . . . . .154Reducer, drain pipe . . . . . . . . . . . .126Redwood

benderboard . . . . . . . . . . .188, 630deck stairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99decking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98fascia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49fence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147headers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .620, 630lumber . . . . . . . . . . . .196, 200, 203moulding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224saunas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267siding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .201strips, chain link . . . . . . . . . . . . .142stucco mold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108treads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99

Reflective signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .622Refrigeration, insulation . . . . . . . . .403Refrigerators

backbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .461electrical work, subcontract . . . .129food service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .461medical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .474morgue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .474solar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .283wiring, subcontract . . . . . . . . . .129

Regletcopper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271parapet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .368

Regulator valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . .527Regulators, pressure,

hydronic heating . . . . . . . . . . . .544Reinforcing

bar supports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89, 349, 369caissons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .352chairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .351columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .353demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335

fiber mesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85foundation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .349gunite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .360masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217masonry ties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159mesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91, 352-353mesh mini-mat . . . . . . . . . . . . . .353pavement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .351slabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92, 350, 352splicing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .352steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89, 349steel, epoxy-coated . . . . . . . . . .349stirrup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .351tilt-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .366walkways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .620welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .349

Reinforcing ironworker, wageindustrial & commercial . . . . . . .312residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Relief valves . . . . . . . . . . . . .526, 544Relocatable structures,

manufactured type . . . . . . . . . . .484Remote high gain antenna . . . . . .130Removal

asbestos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341clearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .599debris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .340demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .338lead-based paint . . . . . . . .235, 439paving and curb . . . . . . . . . . . . .481PCBs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .439radioactivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .439toxic chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . .439tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138, 599wallpaper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296

Renderings, architectural . . . .20, 126Rent, overhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313Report

home inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . .26soil test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .282

Reproduction, plans . . . . . . . . . . . .25Residential

rules of thumb . . . . . . . . . . . . . .310wage rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Resilient flooring . . . . . . . . . . .152-153demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .340installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .434

Resilient hat channel, drywall . . . .169Resorcinol glue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18Restaurant

equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .457range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .460

Restraints, water heater . . . . . . . .531Retaining wall forms . . . . . . . .92, 344Retaining walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .378Return bends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .520Reveal strips

formwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . .345, 367tilt-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .367

Reverse osmosis filters . . . . . . . . .534Reversible doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109Revolving doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . .420R-Gard insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . .183Ribbons (ribbands), carpentry .47, 394Ridge

clay tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264fiber cement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264flashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263sheet metal roofing . . . . . . . . . .263shingles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261-262steel framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295

Ridgeboard, steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72Rigid conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .548Rigid insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183Ring steel reinforcing . . . . . . . . . .351Ripping, excavation . . . . . . . .601, 606Riprap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .609Risers

concrete stair . . . . . . . .95, 354, 363concrete stair, forming . . . . . . . .349flagstone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218rubber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222sprinkler heads . . . . . . . . . . . . .190stair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56, 286steel stairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .285wood stairs . . . . . . . . . . . .285, 400

RO filters, water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .534Road

compaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .607equipment rental . . . . . . . . . . . .328grading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .600paving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .615repairing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .615rollers, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .324striping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .621trim and finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608

Road closed sign . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22Robe hooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24Rock

aggregate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18cinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .609drain rock fill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .609drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .600drills, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .323excavation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135fill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .609ornamental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .609recycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335ripping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .601, 606

Rock fill drainage systems . . . . . .126Rockwool insulation . . . . . . . . . . .184Rod clamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .560Rod hanger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .559Rod, threaded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161Rods

lightning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129shower curtain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

Roll flashingcopper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271galvanized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271lead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273paper-backed copper . . . . . . . .271ridge roll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263valley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271vinyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273

Roll roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .405adhesive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260felt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260fiberglass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260mineral surface . . . . . . . . .260, 262papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .262

Roller, dough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .460Rollers, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .324Rolling, ladders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .463Rolling platform lifts, rental . . . . . .327Rolling towers, rental . . . . . . . . . . .327Roll-up

doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .419window blinds . . . . . . . . . . . . . .299

Romex cable . . . . . . . . .127, 548, 564Roof

apron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271bay window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .306built-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258, 405cant strips . . . . . . . . . .50, 183, 406coating . . . . . . . . . . . .239, 259, 405cold, for log home . . . . . . . . . . .194deck cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98deck, cementitious . . . . . . . . . . .406deck, concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . .372deck, steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .388deck, wood . . . . . . . . . . . .395, 406demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102drains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .530edging . . . . . . . . . . . . .270-271, 273EPDM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .406flashing . . . . . . . . . . . .27, 271, 273framing . . . . . . . . . . . .36, 39, 47, 74framing, panelized . . . . . . . . . . .396framing, steel . . . . . . . . . . . . .70, 74ice-melting cable . . . . . . . . . . . .566insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .403jacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .530joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .395loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .265membrane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258paint removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .235painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242, 442pan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .396paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27, 262patio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99safes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408sheathing . . . . . . . . . . .49, 395, 406testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319

tile, concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264trusses . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48, 72, 399trusses, piecework rates . . . .38, 74underlay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27vent kit, bath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141vent, turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .282

Roofer, wageindustrial & commercial . . . . . . .312residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Roofingalgae-resistant shingles . . . . . . .260asphalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260, 262assemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37base sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . .258, 260cement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259-260clay tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264concrete tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408corrugated . . . . . . . . . . . . .263, 404felt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260, 262, 405fiber cement slate . . . . . . . . . . .264fiberglass panels . . . . . . . . . . . .149galvanized . . . . . . . . . . . . .263, 404gravel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263nails, coil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232nails, galvanized . . . . . . . . . . . .232nails, plastic cap . . . . . . . . . . . .233photovoltaic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .283red cedar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .262roll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260rule of thumb costs . . . . . . . . . .258shake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .262sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263sheet metal . . . . . . . . . . . .263, 406shingles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .262slate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263solar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .283Spanish tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264staples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233steel panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .406tar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264

Roof-mount power ventilator . . . . .142Roof-to-wall flashing . . . . . . . . . . .271Room dividers

doors, folding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .447partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .447

Rope climb, playground . . . . . . . .471Rosette set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108Rosin sheathing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27Rotary roof ventilators . . . . . .295, 411Roto hammer, rental . . . . . . . . . . .329Rototilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188Rough carpentry

adhesive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18anchors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58backing and nailers . . . . . . . . . . .47beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45blocking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41bracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44cant strips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50ceiling joists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46collar beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48collar ties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39columns, steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57curbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . .103, 338door openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43dormer studs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48fascia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49fireblocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45floor joists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40floor trusses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41furring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50girders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40grounds (stucco stop) . . . . . . . . .51joists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46ledgers and ribbons . . . . . . . . . . .47plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42, 67posts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39, 45purlins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48rafters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47ribbons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47roof decking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50

SAMPLE

662

roof sheathing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49roof trusses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48-49sill plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40, 57stucco stop (grounds) . . . . . . . . .51subflooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42trimmers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48wall sheathing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51window openings . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

Rough hardware, plywood clips . .163Rough-in

bathtub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .536drinking fountain . . . . . . . . . . . .536floor drain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .536lavatories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .535service sink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .536shower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .536sink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .536toilet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .535urinal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .535water closet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .535

Rough-sawn siding . . . . . . . . . . . .278Round moulding . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227Router-groover, rental . . . . . . . . . .328Routers, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .331RSC conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .548Rub

carborundum . . . . . . . . . . . .95, 360concrete finish . . . . . . . . . . .95, 360

Rubberflooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .436mats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222studded tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .436

Rubberized asphalt . . . . . . . . . . . .616Rubble, masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . .384Rugs, carpet . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76, 437Rule of thumb costs

carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32electrical work . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .423residential construction . . . . . . .310roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258steel framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56

Runners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222mats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222rubber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222

Running track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .469Rust-converting metal primer . . . .238Rustic siding

cedar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200pine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .202

Rust-inhibiting primer . . . . . . . . . .236Rust-Oleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238Ryegrass seeding . . . . . . . . . . . . .629

S

S4S moulding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227Sack concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .368Sack finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95Saddle stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271Saddle threshold . . . . . . . . . . . . . .288Safe deposit boxes . . . . . . . . . . . .456Safes

floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .456man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266recessed wall and floor . . . . . . .456residential . . . . . . . . . .265-266, 456roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408

Safetyfloor tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .435glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167, 425ground, electrical receptacle . . .568nets for scaffolding . . . . . . . . . .332overhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313pan, water heater . . . . . . . . . . . .531signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .445switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .573-574switch conduit hub . . . . . . . . . . .574

Sag rods, steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .387Salamanders, rental . . . . . . . . . . .329Salaries, overhead . . . . . . . . . . . . .313Sales tax excluded . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Saltillo tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .291Salvage, demolition . . . . . . . . . . . .341Sampling concrete . . . . . . . . . . . .318Sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94

base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .619base for concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . .94bed, paving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245

fill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94, 135, 342fill, drainage systems . . . . . . . . .126paving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .619testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .320

Sandblastingconcrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266, 360equipment rental . . . . . . . . . . . .328joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .617masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266, 375steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266tilt-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .368

Sandblastling equipment rental . .328Sandbox, playground . . . . . . . . . .472Sanders, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .331Sanding, floor . . . . .155-156, 240, 434Sanding, painting . . . . . . . . .440, 442Sandstone, masonry . . . . . . . . . . .384Sandwich preparation unit . . . . . .458Sanitary napkin dispenser . . . . . . .448Sanitary piping, demolition . . . . . .337Sanitary tees, ABS . . . . . . . . . . . . .518Sash bar moulding . . . . . . . . . . . .227Sash, painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243Sauna

heaters, wiring . . . . . . . . . .128, 266modular rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . .266room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .540

Saw, meat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .458Saw, rental

chain saw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .324

Sawingasphalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .374concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .366, 373masonry wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373

Sawn posts, redwood . . . . . . . . . .206Saws, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .331

wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .331SBS

roll roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260starter strip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261

Scaffoldingcaster-mounted, purchase . . . . .333caster-mounted, rental . . . . . . . .333erection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .332jacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .359nails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233planks, purchase . . . . . . . . . . . .333planks, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .333rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .332safety equipment, purchase . . .333swinging, purchase . . . . . . . . . .333

Scales, truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .456ScapeWel window . . . . . . . . . . . . .308Schedule 40 PVC pipe . . . . . . . . .510Schedule 80 PVC pipe . . . . . . . . .510Scheduling

costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .314CPM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134, 314fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134, 314overhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313

School equipment . . . . . . . . .462, 471School network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .463Scissor lifts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .455

rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .327Scoreboards, gym . . . . . . . . . . . . .469Scoring concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . .359Scrapers


Scraping metal to prepare for painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440

Scraping, paint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241Scratch coat, plaster . . . . . . .246, 430Screed

concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .365concrete, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . .325lath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189plaster or stucco . . . . . . . . . . . . .51rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .325tilt-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .365

Screenbead moulding . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227block, masonry . . . . . . . . .217, 383masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .383ornamental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .391patio door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121projection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .462sight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .620sun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .391

urinal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .446vent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .294-295, 410window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .303wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267

Screen doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113closers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105hinges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113vinyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113

Screw guns, rental . . . . . . . . . . . .330Screw shank nails . . . . . . . . . . . . .231Screw-base lights . . . . . . . . . . . . .192Screwdrivers, rental . . . . . . . . . . . .330Screwjacks, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . .332Screws

drywall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231self-tapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149

Scribe molding, cabinets . . . . . . . .31Scrub sink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .540

rough-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .536Scullery sink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .461Sculpture screens . . . . . . . . . . . . .217Scuppers, sheet metal . . . . . . . . .409Scuttle, roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .411SDR 11 CPVC pipe . . . . . . . . . . . .511Seal coat

asphalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245, 615roadway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .614

Sealant pot, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . .328Sealants

caulking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77, 414caulking gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77deck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78driveway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239elastomeric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78gutter and flashing . . . . . . . . . . . .78marine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78paint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239primer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236siding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78silicon rubber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78sill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183tub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78

Sealdon 25 shingles . . . . . . . . . . .261Seals, weatherstrip . . . . . . . . . . . .297Sealtite conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .559Seasonite wood preservative . . . .239Seat cover dispensers . . . . . . . . .449Seating

athletic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .470gym . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .468school . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .462shower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25stadium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .478theater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .478

Securityaccess, keypad . . . . . . . . . . . . .595alarm systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . .594alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267awning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .596doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113, 115gates, folding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115gratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .391grilles, doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .420guards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172monitor panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . .594systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .594, 596television system . . . . . . . . . . . .597

Sediment fence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608Seeded aggregate finish . . . .246, 620Seeding

grass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .629landscaping . . . . . . . . . . . .187, 629

Seekure paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28Seesaws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .472See-thru frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .421Seismic ties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161Self-leveling compound . . . . . . . .154Self-storing storm doors . . . . . . . .114Self-tapping screws . . . . . . . . . . . .149SensAire wall control switch . . . . .141Sensor cable, electric . . . . . . . . . .594

Sensorsphotoelectric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .594security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .594vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .594

Septicsewer systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .533

Service doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .420Service entrance . . . . . . . . . . . . . .578

cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .562cap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .549connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129switchboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .574temporary connection . . . . . . . .321weatherproof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .575wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .562

Service sinks . . . . . . . . . . . . .250, 539rough-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .536

Service stationair and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .454cash box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .454equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453hydraulic hoist . . . . . . . . . . . . . .454submerged turbine . . . . . . . . . .453turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453

Serving fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .457Serving table, sushi . . . . . . . . . . . .458Settlement testing . . . . . . . . . . . . .282Sewage

ejectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268, 533leaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268

Sewerconnection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337pipe, PVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .636pump systems, residential . . . . .268snakes, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .331systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268

Sewer lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .636demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337

Shacks, storage, rental . . . . . . . . .333Shades, window . . . . . . . . . . . . . .299Shaft drilling, caisson foundations .613Shaft walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .431Shake felt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .262Shakertown siding . . . . . . . . . . . . .279Shakes, roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .262Shale, excavation . . . . . . . . .601, 606Shaping slopes by hand . . . . . . . .136She bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .359Shear gate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .632Shear panels

piecework rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38steel framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74

Sheathingadhesive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42, 51carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62carpentry piecework rates . . . . . .76clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163cork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .438demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . .102, 338Dens Glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33-34, 38framing, steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74gypsum board . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168insulated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183insulation board . . . . . . . . .183, 403lumber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .396OSB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42, 51, 394paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27piecework rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39plywood . . . . . . . . . .42, 49, 51, 394roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49, 395, 406skip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .398steel framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51wall, exterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .395wall, interior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .395wallboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168, 296

Sheds, storage, rental . . . . . . . . . .334Sheepsfoot roller . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138

rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139, 324Sheet glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . .166, 425Sheet metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .406

access doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269ducts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178flashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263, 270

SAMPLE

663

gutters, downspouts . . . . . . . . .168hoods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263, 406siding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279, 405vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .410

Sheet metal worker, wageindustrial & commercial . . . . . . .312residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Sheet piling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .610Sheet vinyl flooring . . . . .152-153, 434

adhesive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154leveling compound . . . . . . . . . .154

Sheetrockgypsum drywall . . . . .168, 296, 427painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240, 243wallboard . . . . . . . . . .168, 296, 427

Sheetscork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .438polycarbonate . . . . . . . . . . . . . .426polyethylene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263

Shelf lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191Shellac

floor finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56thinner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240

Shelters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .484bus stop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .483metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .484prefabricated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .484

Shelvescarpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55closets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273industrial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .452library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .452, 476linen cabinet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273toilet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .446utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273

Shelvingconvenience store . . . . . . . . . . .489display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .489library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .463wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273

Shimsdoor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52shingles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .262stool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53stud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52

Shinglesalgae-resistant . . . . . . . . . .260-261architectural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261asphalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258, 261cedar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .262demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . .102, 339fiberglass asphalt . . . . . . . . . . . .261flashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271hip and ridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261interlocking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261laminate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260-261natural shadow . . . . . . . . . . . . .261painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .442removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .339roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261-262siding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279slate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263solar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .283starter strip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .262wood, demolition . . . . . . . . . . . .339

Shoe moulding . . . . . . . . . . .224, 225Shoe, door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .289Shoring

beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .348concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .610equipment rental . . . . . . . . . . . .333forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .348heavy duty, rental . . . . . . . . . . . .333trench . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .610

Shot fasteners . . . . . . . . . . . .233, 393Shovels, earthwork . . . . . . . . . . . .135Shower

compartments . . . . . . . . . .446, 538doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .274, 446emergency . . . . . . . . . . . . .536, 539enclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .275grab bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248handicapped access . . . . . . . . .248plumbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .538

receptors . . . . . . . . . .275, 446, 538rod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24rough-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .536seat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25stalls . . . . . . . . . .248, 275, 446, 538stalls, cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83

Shrinkage defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Shrubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630Shunt trip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .576Shutters

accordion-type . . . . . . . . . . . . . .276Bahama-type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .276colonial-type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .276co-polymer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .275exterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .276hurricane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .276louvered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .275panel-type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .276plywood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277roll-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .276

Siamese connection . . . . . . . . . . .497Sidelites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107

steel door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111Sidewalks

asphalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .620concrete . . . . . . . . .84, 94, 246, 616cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .334demolition . . . . . . . . . .100-101, 335moving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .494

Sidingaluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279, 405cedar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200corrugated . . . . . . . . . . . . .279, 405demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102exterior trim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .278fascia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .278fiber cement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277galvanized steel . . . . . . . . . . . . .279hardboard lap . . . . . . . . . . . . . .278hardboard panel . . . . . . . . . . . .277insulated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .404lap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .202, 277log cabin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .202Nailite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280nails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233OSB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .278paint preparation . . . . . . . . . . . .241paint removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .235painting . . . . . . . . . . .242, 440, 442pine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200, 202plywood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204, 278redwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .201resin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280sealant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78shingle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279soffit vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295southern yellow pine . . . . . . . . .201thermoplastic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280vinyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279, 405western red cedar . . . . . . . . . . .200

Sieve analysis, aggregate . . . . . . .317Sieve, filter sock . . . . . . . . . .126, 636Sight screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .620Sign lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .591Signage, freestanding . . . . . . . . . .489Signal cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .597Signal crossing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .490Signs

architectural signage . . . . . . . . .445Braille . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .482directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .444display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .445elevator plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . .483handicapped . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .482job-type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .321reflector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .622road closed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .321street numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173temporary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .622

Silestone countertop . . . . . . . . . . . .96Silicon carbide, sidewalk grits . . . .359Silicone caulk . . . . . . . . . .78, 414-415Sill

anchors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .381bolted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .394carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .393cover, aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . .289

log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194mud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161oak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .289plate gasket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40, 57, 193sealer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .390window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .298-299

Sill Seal™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183Silt fence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149Single-family home costs . . . . . . .309Single-hung windows

aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .304vinyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .300

Sinkers, nails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230Sinks

bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .249bases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293bathroom . . . . . . . . . . . . . .249, 538cabinets . . . . . . . . . . . .29, 293, 477cabinets, cutout . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .540food service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .461kitchen . . . . . . . .250, 461, 536, 539laundry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .250marble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210mop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .461, 539scullery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .461service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .250, 539wash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .536, 540

Siphon breaker, irrigation . . . . . . .190Site work

clearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .599grading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .600utilities, accessories . . . . . . . . . .643water meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315

Sizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296Skid steer loaders, rental . . . . . . .326Skid strips, stair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .286Skip sheathing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .398Skiploader, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . .326Skirtboard, carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . .56Skylights

fixed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .281operable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .281polycarbonate . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280roof windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .282trimmers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48, 71Velux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280

Slab doors . . .105-107, 109, 115-116Slab-on-grade, concrete . . . . .94, 356Slabs

base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94capillary fill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342cast-in-place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84, 355demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .340edge forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89finishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .356form, concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .344forms, elevated . . . . . . . . . . . . .348grading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342membrane . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94, 342rebar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90sand fill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342tennis court . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .470

Slagcrushed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18, 126

Slatepavers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385paving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .619roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263-264tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .291

Sleepers, carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . .51Sleeves, concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . .358Slicer

bread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .460Slide bolt lock . . . . . . . . . . . .166, 173Slides, playground . . . . . . . . . . . .472Sliding doors

aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121closers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .419-420glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .420glass, insulated . . . . . . . . . . . . .420patio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121

pet door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121vinyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121

Sliding windows . . . . . . . . . .301, 304Slip-formed walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . .356Slop sink rough-in . . . . . . . . . . . . .536Slope protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608Slopes, shaping, by hand . . . . . . .136Slump block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217Slurry seal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .616Small tool cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313Smart Panel siding . . . . . . . . . . . .278Smoke detectors . . . . . . . . . .128, 267Smoke vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .410Snakes (sewer), rental . . . . . . . . . .331Snap ties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86, 359Snow block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194Snow-melting cable . . . . . . .480, 566Soap dishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

ceramic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .290commercial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .449

Soap dispensers . . . . . . . . . . . . . .449demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341

Soccer goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .470Social Security payroll taxes . . . . .288Sod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188, 629, 630Sod cutters, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . .330Sodium flood, high-pressure . . . .592Sodium lamp,

high-pressure . . . . . . . .589, 591-592Soffit

demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .349Hardie cement fiber . . . . . . . . . .277OSB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .278plaster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .282vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295vinyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .282wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

Softball, backstops . . . . . . . . . . . .623Softener, plumbing fixtures . . . . . .252Software, project scheduling . . . .314Softwood

flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156plywood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204

Soilamendments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .627cement treatment . . . . . . . . . . . .608compaction . . . . . . . . . . . .601, 603covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608hauling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .604loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .604moving by hand . . . . . . . . . . . . .607poisoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .283sealant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608spreading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .601stabilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26, 282treatments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .283

Soil pipe adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . .520Solar

barricade light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22collector system pump . . . . . . .532paneling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .283power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .587protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .475shingles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .283water heating system . . . . . . . . .532water storage tank . . . . . . . . . . .532

Solar Tek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .294Solariums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .485Solenoid sprinkler valve . . . . . . . .190Solid core doors

birch exterior . . . . . . . . . . .106, 110entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106fir entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106hardboard exterior . . . . . . .105, 110hardboard interior . . . . . . . . . . .116hardwood exterior . . . . . . . . . . .105lauan exterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106oak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106prehung exterior . . . . . . . . . . . . .110red oak exterior . . . . . . . . . . . . .106

Sonotube forms . . . . . . . . . . .347, 369Sound board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .402Sound control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184Sound insulation board . . . . . . . . .183

SAMPLE

664

Sound reduction paneling . . . . . . .468Sound system, stage . . . . . . . . . .467Soundness testing . . . . . . . . . . . .317Southern pine

fence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147lumber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196-197pressure-treated . . . . . . . . . . . . .203siding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204timber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203

Southern yellow pinedecking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198lumber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196posts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206pressure-treated . . . . . . . . . . . . .203siding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .201timbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203

Spa enclosure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167Space frame steel . . . . . . . . . . . . .387Spackle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240Spades, clay, rental . . . . . . . . . . . .323Spandrel glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .425Spanish tile roofing . . . . . . . . . . . .264Spar varnish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238Spark arrestor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152Special construction,

disabled access . . . . . . . . . . . . .480Specialty lumber . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206Specific gravity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .317Specifications fee . . . . . . . . . . . . .317Speed bumps

asphalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .614plastic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .621

Speed limit signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .622Spheres, painting . . . . . . . . . . . . .441Spikes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233Spiral staircases . . . . . . . . . . . . . .284Spirals, reinforcing . . . . . . . . . . . .352Splash plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257Splices, piles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .612Splicing bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .352Split-face block . . . . . . . . . . .217, 383Split-rail fence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148Split-rib block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .383Split-ring connectors . . . . . . . . . . .163Splitting rock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .601Split-wired outlets . . . . . . . . . . . . .129Spotlight, fresnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . .467Spray heads, sprinkler . . . . . . . . .626Spray painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240

deck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .441steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440

Sprayedfireproofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .413urethane insulation . . . . . . . . . . .185

Sprayers, paint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .331

Spread footings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .380Spreading soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .601

by hand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136Sprigging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630Spring bronze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297Sprinkler fitter, wage . . . . . . . . . . .312Sprinklers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189

automatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190components . . . . . . . . . . . .496-497connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .497control wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .496, 626lawn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .624pop-up heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190subcontract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .495trenching by hand . . . . . . . . . . .189valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190wall hydrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .497

Sprinkling, water for excavation . .138Spruce

lap siding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .202logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193pine fir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196siding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .202

Square foot costs, homes . . .309-310Square moulding . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227Stabilization fabric . . . . . . . . . . . . .608Stack, exhaust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .585Stadium seating . . . . . . . . . . . . . .478Stage

HVAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .468lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .467

sound system . . . . . . . . . . . . . .467video system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .468

Stage curtains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .466drawing equipment . . . . . . . . . .467lift equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .467

Stainconcrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237deck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98paint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239tinting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239wood finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238

Stained glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .475Staining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242-243

floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156Stairlifts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133Stairs

aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .284attic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287basement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23, 284box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .285curved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .284disappearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287factory-cut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .284framing, piecework rates . . . . . . .38handrails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56hardwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .285log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194L-shaped . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .286moving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .494nosing, bamboo . . . . . . . . . . . . .158rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .286railing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .285risers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56, 286skirtboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56spiral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .284steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .285straight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .285strips, anti-skid . . . . . . . . . . . . . .286treads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56, 286wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .285

Stakesform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207foundation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207

Stalls, shower . . . . . . . . . . . .248, 275Stamped concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96Standard brick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211Standpipe connection . . . . . . . . . .497Stands, water heater . . . . . . . . . . .531Staplers, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .330Staples, roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233Starter strip

aluminum siding . . . . . . . . . . . . .279galvanized flashing . . . . . . . . . .271shingles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261thermoplastic siding . . . . . . . . .280vinyl siding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279

Starter switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .572Starters, motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .572State cost adjustments . . . . . . .12-15Steam

baseboard radiation . . . . . . . . . .543bath generator wiring . . . . . . . . .128bath, generators . . . . . . . . . . . . .287cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440cleaning, masonry . . . . . . . . . . .375condensate pipe . . . . . . . . . . . .498generators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .543

Steamers, food service . . . . . . . . .458Steamers, wallpaper, rental . . . . . .331Steel

blocking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .487conduit, flexible . . . . . . . . . . . . .557conduit, rigid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .548cutting and drilling . . . . . . . . . . .391floor joists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .437framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56landings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .389lath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188lintels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .391masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217mesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91, 352mesh reinforcing . . . . . . . . . . . .353mini-mat reinforcing . . . . . . . . . .353ornamental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .391painted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .391painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440

panel roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263piles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .612pipe, black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .498pipe, carbon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .498plate cutting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337railing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256, 390reinforcing . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89, 349reinforcing, epoxy . . . . . . . . . . .349reinforcing, foundation . . . . . . . .349reinforcing, masonry . . . . . . . . .375rod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161roof deck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .388roof framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74sag rods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .387sandblasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266security gratings . . . . . . . . . . . . .391shoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .610stairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .285stringers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .389structural, fabrication . . . . . . . . .386studs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .320threaded rod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161tilt-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .367welded wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .349welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .392

Steel doorsentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112exterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110-111fire-rated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109garage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165patio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121prehung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .418screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113ventilating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111

Steel framinganchors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58backing for drywall . . . . . . . . . . . .69beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60blocking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61bracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67ceilings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67collar beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72door opening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65dormer studs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71fascia, piecework . . . . . . . . . . . . .76floor joists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58girders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60joists, ceiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67joists, piecework . . . . . . . . . . . . .73lally columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57layout, piecework . . . . . . . . . . . . .73piecework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73purlins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72rafters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70rafters, piecework . . . . . . . . . . . .74ridgeboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72rule of thumb . . . . . . . . . . . . .56-57sheathing, piecework . . . . . . .74, 76sill plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57square foot costs . . . . . . . . . . . . .57studs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62subflooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61trimmers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71trusses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72-73trusses, piecework . . . . . . . . . . . .74wall plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67walls, piecework . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73window opening . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66

Steeples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .489Stem wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93-94

forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343Stenographer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313Step flashing . . . . . . . . . . . . .270-271Step lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .590Stepping stones . . . . . . . . . .188, 630Steps

brick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385concrete . . . . . . . .95, 354, 357, 363flagstone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218manhole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .642masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243

Steps-on-grade, concrete . . . .95, 357Sterilization, pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635Sterilizers, water . . . . . . . . . . . . . .534Stick nails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231Stile & rail doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117Stirrup steel reinforcing . . . . . . . . .351Stock room door . . . . . . . . . . . . . .422

Stolons, grass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630Stone

aggregate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18aggregate base . . . . . . . . . . . . .614artificial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .374countertop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96crushed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94, 126cut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .384flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .291masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218paving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385riprap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .609roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263slag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126slate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263stepping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188, 630tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .291vanity tops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97veneer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .384veneer, manufactured . . . . . . . .385work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .384

Stoolcarpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228marble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

Stop signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .622Stops

door . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171, 227, 424gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .526gravel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .407moulding . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108, 227

Stops Rust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238Storage

bins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313cabinets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .477ice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .461overhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313safes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .265-266sheds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313sheds, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .334shelving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .452

Storefront glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .422Store-in-Door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114Storm doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114-115

full-view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115self-storing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114

Storm drain demolition . . . . . . . . .337Storm windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307StormGuard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27Stoves, ovens, ranges

electrical work . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257-258

Strainersbronze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .544hydronic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174, 544wye-pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .544

Strand board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205Straps

channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .560conduit hanger . . . . . . . . . . . . . .560connectorsCPVC snap-on tubing . . . . . . . .512hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .522post anchor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221tie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164

Straw bales . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188, 609Strawberry, ground cover . . . . . . .630Street

illumination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .490lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .490lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .592marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .621numbers, houses . . . . . . . . . . . .173paving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .615paving, equipment rental . . . . . .328sweeper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .616sweeper, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . .328

Stripdoors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .422flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55, 157lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .587shingle starter . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261

Striper, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .328Striping

athletic courts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .471pavement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .621

Striplights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .587

SAMPLE

665

Strippingforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89soil, by hand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136

Structural engineering . . . . . . . . . .134glazed tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .377steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .387

Structural plywood . . . . . . . . . . . . .204Structural steel

fabrication . . . . . . . . . . . . .386, 391painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440

Structure moving . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341Structures, temporary, rental . . . . .333Stucco

demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . .102, 340mesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .429mix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82mold, redwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108netting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188paint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237painting . . . . . . . . . . .240, 243, 441plastering . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246, 430wall assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

Stud grade lumber . . . . . . . . . . . .195Studios, radio and television . . . . .492Studs

carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .393demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103dormer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48exterior walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35gable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37interior walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57, 62, 73steel exterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63straightening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52straps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164wall assemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34wall framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37walls, commercial . . . . . . . . . . .393

Study carrels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .463Stump grinders, rental . . . . . . . . . .330Stump removal . . . . . . . . . . .138, 599Sturdi-Floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204Subbase, pavement . . . . . . . . . . .614Subcontract

costs defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5driveway paving . . . . . . . . . . . . .245electrical work . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127elevators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133fire sprinkler systems . . . . . . . . .495hydroseeding . . . . . . . . . . .188, 629insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241sprinkler systems . . . . . . . . . . . .495surface preparation . . . . . . . . . .241well drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .298

Subcontractor markup . . . . . . . . . . .5Subflooring

2-4-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204adhesive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61engineered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42floating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42, 61log homes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193OSB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42, 62piecework rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42plywood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42, 61Sturdi-Floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204underlayment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205

Sub-panel connections . . . . . . . . .129Subsurface exploration . . . . . . . . .282Subway platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . .491Sump pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . .129, 533Sumps, roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .409Sun control blinds . . . . . . . . . . . . .299Sun porch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167Sun screens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .391Sunlamps, wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128Sunrooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .485Super Jumbo Tex . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27Super Tuff-R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .402Superintendent . . . . . . . . . . .313, 317Supervision costs . . . . . . . . . . . . .317Supervision costs excluded . . . . . . .4Supply valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .526Supports

conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .559fabricated metal . . . . . . . . . . . . .390PVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .556

Surface duct, electric . . . . . . . . . .561

Surface preparation . . . .235-236, 241 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .439, 441-442

Surgeons’ scrub sink . . . . . . . . . .540rough-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .536

Surveillance, park . . . . . . . . . . . . .490Survey stakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207Surveying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .316

aerial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .316periodic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .321

Sushi serving table . . . . . . . . . . . .458Suspended ceiling . . . . . . . . . . . . .79

demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . .100, 339grid systems . . . . . . . . . . . .79, 433light fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81, 433T-bar grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .433tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .433

Suspension grid, ceiling . . . . . . . . .79Sweep pavement . . . . . . . . . . . . .616Sweep, door bottom . . . . . . . . . . .290Sweeper, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .328Swimming pool

complete installation . . . . . . . . .480cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .480fences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150Gunite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .360heaters, solar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252paint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239, 442resurfacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373

Swing check valves . . . . . . . . . . . .525Swing gates, aluminum . . . . . . . . .166Swinging stage scaffold,

purchase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .333Swings, playground . . . . . . . . . . . .472Switch box, electric . . . . . . . . . . . .567

circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .580plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

Switch cover plate . . . . . . . . . . . . .570Switchboards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .575

accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .576instrumentation . . . . . . . . . . . . .576meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .576transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .576weatherproof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .575

Switchesdimmer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .569disconnect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .582electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129electrical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .569exhaust fan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141fan control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .572power distribution . . . . . . . . . . .575safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .573-574security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .594starter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .573timer, exhaust fan . . . . . . . . . . . .141wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129

Swivel ring hangers, pipe . . . . . . .521Symbols, lettering . . . . . . . . . . . . .471Synthetic surface playing fields . .469

T

T-1-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204, 395Table saws, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . .331Tables

fixed pedestal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .462food service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .458food station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .457pizza prep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .458school . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .462

Tack coat, pavement . . . . . . . . . . .615Tampers, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .323Tamping, excavation . . .342, 601, 603

by hand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136Tankless water heater . . . . . . . . . .251Tanks

demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .370fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .546oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .546painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .441propane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .546septic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268, 533water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .533, 635

Tapecaution barricade . . . . . . . . . . . . .23plumber’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .522thermoplastic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .471

Taping wallboard . . . . . . . . . .168, 427Tapping

pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .632saddles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .632valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .632

Tar, roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260Tarkett flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153Tarp, painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .442Tarpaulins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .288T-astragal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109Taxable fringe benefits


Taxes and insurance . . . . . . .288, 313Taxes included . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Taxes, labor cost


T-bar ceiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82Teak parquet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158Tear-off roofing, demolition . . . . . .405Tech support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Technical services . . . . . . . . . . . . .320Techwall wall cladding . . . . . . . . . .404Tectum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .406Tees

ABS cleanout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .519ABS sanitary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .518black steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .498copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .508copper DWV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .516CPVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .511PVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .510test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .519Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .518

Telephoneassistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5outlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .596wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .596

Telescoping doors . . . . . . . . . . . . .421Television

closed circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .597educational . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .462equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .462outlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .597pipe inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . .643studio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .492systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .597wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129

Tellerautomatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .456counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .456windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .456

Temperature gauge . . . . . . . . . . . .529Tempering valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . .545Temporary

enclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .334fence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .334jackposts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .484structures, rental . . . . . . . . . . . .333utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .321wall bracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44, 67

Tennis courtsinstallation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .470striping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .470windbreak panels . . . . . . . . . . . .470

Tension, bridging . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160Termite shield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271Termite treatment . . . . . . . . . .209, 283Terra cotta, demolition . . . . . . . . . .338Terrazzo

demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .340pavers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385, 436

Test caps, plugs, & tees, ABS . . .519Testimony, appraisal . . . . . . . . . . . .18Testing

acoustical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134aggregate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .317asbestos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26asphalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .318brick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319building stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .318fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .320gunite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319network cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .464noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134percolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268piles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .610soil . . . . . . . . . . . .26, 268, 282, 317steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .320thermal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

Tetherball post . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .473Textolite countertops . . . . . . . . . . . .96Texture 1-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204Texture, drywall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170Textured wallboard . . . . . . . . . . . .427Theater

curtains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .466seating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .478

Thermalanalysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185expansion tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .401mitigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .475

Thermal and moisture protection .401Thermoflow indicator . . . . . . . . . . .529Thermography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185Thermometer, steam . . . . . . . . . . .529Thermoplastic

siding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280tape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .471

Thermostat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177Thermostatic

mixing valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .545traps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .545water heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .532

THHN wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .563Thinline glass block . . . . . . . . . . . .219Thinners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240Thompson’s WaterSeal . . . . . . . . .239Threaded

black steel pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . .498carbon steel pipe . . . . . . . . . . . .498

Threaded rod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161Thresholds

aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .288bamboo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158bronze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .425high boy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108inserts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .289marble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224

Thrust blocks, concrete . . . . . . . . .632Thru-the-wall utility fan . . . . . . . . .140THWN wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .563Ticket boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .456Ticket dispenser . . . . . . . . . . . . . .454Tie straps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164Tie wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221Tier IV EPA pollution control rating .586Ties

brick wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221collar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358concrete form . . . . . . . . . . . .86, 358form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86, 343hurricane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161seismic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161wall, brick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159wall, masonry . . . . . . . . . . .213, 375

Tileacoustical facing . . . . . . . . . . . .378backer board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293ceiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82, 433ceramic . . . . . . . . . . .290, 378, 431clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .377concrete roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264demolition . . . . . . . . . .101-102, 340drainage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .639epoxy bed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385glazed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .290, 377installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . .291-292marble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210, 291masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221paver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .291quarry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385, 432resilient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .436roller, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .329roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264rubber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .436rubber studded . . . . . . . . . . . . .154saws, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .331security, glazed . . . . . . . . . . . . .378

SAMPLE

666

shock-absorbing . . . . . . . . . . . .436simulated roofing . . . . . . . . . . . .263slate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .291stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .291structural facing . . . . . . . . . . . . .377vinyl floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153-154wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .290

Tile layer, wageindustrial & commercial . . . . . . .312residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Tillers, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .330Tilt double-hung window . . . . . . . .306Tilt-up construction . . . . . . . . . . . .366

panels, sandblasting . . . . . . . . .266pilasters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .366

Tilt-up painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .441Timberline shingles . . . . . . . . . . . .261Timbers

Douglas fir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .202hardwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .399laminated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .399lumber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198, 202pine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203rafter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194red cedar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .202redwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203treatments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .399

Timbertex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261Timekeeper costs . . . . . . . . . . . . .317Timer switches . . . . . . . . . . .141, 569Tin

ceilings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82shingles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271

Tintpaint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239wood finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238

Tire changer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .454Tissue holder . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24, 449TJI truss joists . . . . . . . . . . . . .41, 399Toaster, conveyor type . . . . . . . . .460Toggle switch . . . . . . . . . . . . .570, 573Toilets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .249, 537

accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . .24, 448augers, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .331compartments . . . . . . . . . . . . . .446flush valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .537jobsite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313partition, handicapped . . . . . . . .482partitions, demolition . . . . . . . . .341rough-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .535temporary . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313, 322trailer-mounted . . . . . . . . . . . . . .322

Tongue and grooveflooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154insulation board . . . . . . . . . . . . .182sheathing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51siding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200

Tool sheds, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . .334Tools available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Tools, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .323Toothbrush holders

ceramic tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .290residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

Topping, concrete . . . . . . . . . .95, 359Topsoil, excavation . . . . . . . . . . . .188

by hand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136Torch cutting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337Total column defined . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Total expense, overhead . . . . . . . .313Towel

bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .449dispensers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .448racks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

Towersfire pole, playground . . . . . . . . .473lifting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .322

Toxic chemicals, removal . . . . . . .439Track

railroad, demolition . . . . . . . . . .337stage curtain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .466

Tractordemolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .338excavation . . . . . . . . . . . . .601, 605finish shaping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .601ripping rock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .601rock fill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .609site clearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .599site grading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .600

Tractor operator, wage, industrial & commercial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312

Trafficcones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22control equipment rental . . . . . .328control signage . . . . . . . . . . . . .321light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .490paint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239pavement marking . . . . . . . . . . .621signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .622stripes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .621symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .621

Transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .577indoor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .577pole mount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .581potential, switchboard . . . . . . . .576switchboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .576

Transit levels, rental . . . . . . . . . . . .330Transit mix concrete . . . . . . . . . . . .84Transom lite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .418Transoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107Trap adapter

ABS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .520copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .516

Trapsfloat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .545thermostatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .545

Trashbins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335chutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .340, 495enclosure, tilt-up . . . . . . . . . . . .369removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313

Trash compactor wiring . . . . . . . . .130Trash pumps, rental . . . . . . . . . . .327Treads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222

carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56concrete, finishing . . . . . . . . . . .360flagstone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218marble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385rubber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222stair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .286wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .285, 400

Treated lumber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203Treating

lumber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209poles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .283wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209

Treatmentfire retardant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209soil poisoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .283

Treesclearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138, 599costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630grates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .631planting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .629

Trenchbraces, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .326covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .388frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .643inlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .643shaping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .602, 607sheeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .610shields, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .326shoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .610sprinkler pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .624

Trenchers, rental . . . . . . . . . .139, 326Trenching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .602

backhoe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .602concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342excavation . . . . . . . . . . . . .136, 602hand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136, 606hand work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342rock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .602sprinkler systems . . . . . . . . . . . .189

Tri-Flex 30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27Trim

carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53, 224fireplace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55hardwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224moulding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228OSB siding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .278painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240, 242pine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228redwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224softwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225stair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56steel panel roofing . . . . . . . . . . .263wallboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

Trim coil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .270Trimless door frame . . . . . . . . . . . .109

Trimmerscarpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48steel (framing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71

Trimming, trench bottom . . . . . . . .136Triple-track storm doors . . . . . . . .114Troffer lighting fixtures . . .80, 191, 588Trowel finishing, concrete . . . .95, 359Troweling machine, rental . . . . . . .324Trowel-ready mortar . . . . . . . . . . .220Trowels, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .324Truck

bumpers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .368concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .354cranes, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .322excavation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138hauling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .604-605loading by hand . . . . . . . . . . . . .135rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139, 327scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .456superintendent’s . . . . . . . . . . . .313water, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .328

Truck driver, wageindustrial & commercial . . . . . . .312residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Trussesfink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49, 72gable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49, 73joists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .399log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48, 72, 399roof, piecework . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38roof, piecework rates . . . . . . . . . .74steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .387

Truss-type reinforcing . . . . . . . . . .376Tub

doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .274sealant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79whirlpool bath . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247

Tubecolumns, steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . .387nosing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .390pneumatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .495

Tubingcopper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .509electric metallic . . . . . . . . . . . . .550strap, CPVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .512

Tubsaccess doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .270caulk strips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79caulking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78enclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .275plumbing . . . . . . . . . .247, 536, 538

Tuck pointing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .375Tuff-R insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183Tung oil wood finish . . . . . . . . . . . .238Turbines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .584

additional costs . . . . . . . . . . . . .585fans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .411service station . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295vents, roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141

Turfartificial grass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .469playing fields, grass and synthetic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .469

replacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . .624, 629Turnstiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .456, 491Turpentine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240Twinaxial cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .598Twist straps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164Type K copper pipe . . . . . . . .507-508Type L copper pipe . . . . . . . . . . . .507Tyvek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28, 184

U

U bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .522Ultra Touch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184Ultrasonic sensors and

transceivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .595Ultraviolet sterilizers, water . . . . . .534Underfloor duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .562Underground

communication . . . . . . . . . . . . .547duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .547power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .547

Underlayment . . . . . . . .205, 265, 436floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33-34particleboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .398piecework rates . . . . . . . . . . .38, 74roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27tile backer board . . . . . . . . . . . .293

Underpinning, shoring . . . . . . . . . .610Unions

black steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .498CPVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .511

Unistrut inserts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .359Unit heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . .540, 543Uniturf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .469Unusual labor productivity . . . . . . . .4URD wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .563Urethane

exterior finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238floor finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185sealer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155sheathing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183

Urinalfloor-mounted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .535rough-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .535, 537screens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .446screens, removal . . . . . . . . . . . .341wall-hung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .535water-conserving . . . . . . . . . . . .537

Urns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .478USE wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .563Using this book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .631

overhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313sewer connections . . . . . . . . . . .269sitework piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . .633temporary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .321water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315

Utilitycabinets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30fan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139-140piping, sitework . . . . . . . . . . . . .633shelving, wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273sinks, food service . . . . . . . . . . .461

V

Vacation costs included . . . . . . . . . .3Vacuum breaker

anti-siphon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174atmospheric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .544controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .623valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .623

Vacuum systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130

Vacuum, wet/dry, rental . . . . . . . . .329Valance

cabinet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191

Valley flashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .406Valuation fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18Valuation, buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . .18ValueTest bath fan . . . . . . . . . . . . .140Valve box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223Valves

angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .526backflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315, 526ball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .527cast iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .632check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .523, 525circuit balancing . . . . . . . . . . . . .544control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .623flow check . . . . . . . . . . . . .174, 544gate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .523, 632globe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .524hose gate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .527irrigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .623, 627mixing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174, 545OD tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .526pressure-reducing . . . . . . . . . . .544regulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .527relief . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .526, 544sprinkler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190, 625sprinkler, lawn . . . . . . . . . . . . . .625stop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .527supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .526tapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .632tempering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .545thermostatic mixing . . . . . . . . . .174water control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .527

Vanitybases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223

Vanity topsCorian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97cultured stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97marble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97

SAMPLE

667

Vapor barriersbuilding paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .434polyethylene film . . . . . . . . . . . .256slab . . . . . . . . . . .94, 342, 356, 365

Varathane finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238Varmeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .576Varnish wood finish . . . . . . . . . . . .238Varnishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243Vault doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .422VCR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .462Vehicle

access control . . . . . . . . . . . . . .454detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .454

Velourdraperies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .475stage curtains . . . . . . . . . . . . . .466

Veluxroof windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .282skylights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280

Veneerbrick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218

Venetian blinds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .299Vent

channel, rafter bay . . . . . . . . . . .295fans . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142, 411, 459hoods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256, 459

Vent pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .516copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .516flash cone . . . . . . . . . . . . .271, 273

Vented range hood . . . . . . . . . . . .256Ventilating skylights . . . . . . . . . . . .281Ventlite doors

fiberglass exterior . . . . . . . . . . . .113steel exterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111

Ventsattic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .294, 410bath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141clothes dryer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .294foundation . . . . . . . . . . . . .294, 410hood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263intake, roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295louver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295plumbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .407power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141ridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141-142, 295roof turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .294soffit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295

Verantis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .583, 586Vermiculite

insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184, 402roof deck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .372soil conditioner . . . . . . . . . . . . . .628

Vertical blinds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .299Vertical discharge exhaust fan . . .139Vertical panels, precast tilt-up . . . .367Vibration sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . .594Vibrator compaction . . . . . . . . . . .601Vibrators, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .324Vibro plate, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . .139Vibroflotation treatment . . . . . . . . .608Video recorder, digital . . . . . . . . . .597Video system, stage . . . . . . . . . . .468Videotape recorder . . . . . . . . . . . .462Vinyl

acrylic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239casement window . . . . . . . . . . .301caulk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78covered wallboard . . . . . . . . . . .296fence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149flashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273flooring . . . . . . . . . . . .152, 154, 434flooring, sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . .434moulding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228runner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222screen doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113siding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279, 405soffit systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .282tile flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153wallcovering . . . . . . . . . . . .438-439

Vinyl windowsbay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .301casement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .301double-hung . . . . . . . . . . . .300-301garden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302half circle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302hopper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302

jalousie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302picture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302single-hung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .300sliding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .301

Vinyl-clad wood windows . . . .303-304Visqueen polyethylene film . . . . . .256Vitrified clay pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269Vitrified drainage tile . . . . . . . . . . .639Volatile materials emissions

reduction, pollution control .583, 586Volcanic cinder track . . . . . . . . . . .469Volcanic rock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .609Volleyball posts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .470Voltmeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .576Vycor flashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

W

Waffle pan forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . .348Wage costs defined . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Wage rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

adjusting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11industrial & commercial . . . . . . .312residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Wagon drills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .600rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .327

Wainscot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54cap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227ceramic tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .437paneling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .291tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .290, 292

Walerbrackets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .359jacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .359

Walk-in coolers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .461Walkways

asphalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245, 620concrete . . . . . . . . . . . .94, 246, 620demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . .100, 335edge forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192snow-melting cable . . . . . . . . . .566waterproofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297

Wallaccess doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .270anchors, glass block . . . . . . . . .384anchors, masonry . . . . . . . . . . .375assemblies, brick . . . . . . . . . . . .211assemblies, concrete block . . . .215assemblies, exterior . . . . . . . . . . .35assemblies, interior . . . . . . . . . . .34beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25braces . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44, 67, 164cladding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .404cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193cover plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .570coverings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296demolition . . . . . . . . .100, 103, 338filler panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31fireblocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45footing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343forms, concrete . . . . . . .88, 92, 344framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37framing, piecework . . . . . . . . . . .37framing, steel . . . . . . . . . .62-63, 73jointing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .360painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240, 441panel systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . .397piecework rates, framing . . . . . . .73plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42, 67protection systems . . . . . . . . . .448reinforcing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .376safes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .265, 456sawing, concrete . . . . . . . . . . . .373sheathing, board . . . . . . . . . . . . .51sheathing, exterior . . . . . . . . . . .395sheathing, interior . . . . . . . . . . .395sheathing, lumber . . . . . . . . . . .396sheathing, OSB . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51sheathing, piecework . . . . . . .37, 73sheathing, plywood . . . . . . . . . . .51stiffener . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194studding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .393ties, masonry . . .159, 213, 221, 375

Wall jacks, computers . . . . . . . . . .599Wallboard

adhesive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . .102, 338

gypsum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168hardboard . . . . . . . . . . . . .244, 439paint preparation . . . . . . . . . . . .241painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240, 243prefinished . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296textured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296, 427

Wallpaper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296, 438adhesive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296surface preparation . . . . . . . . . .296

Wallsbrick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86-7, 92concrete block . . . . . . . . . .215, 381glass block . . . . . . . . . . . . .219, 384masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211paint removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .235panelized wood . . . . . . . . . . . . .397patching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296precast panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . .360retaining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .378sheet metal, area . . . . . . . . . . . .270tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .292tilt-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .366

Walnutparquet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158plank flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155

Wardrobe cabinets . . . . .462, 476-477Warning signs . . . . . . . . . . . .445, 622Wash

concrete finishing . . . . . . . .359, 360masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .374painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .442surface prep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .442

Wash fountains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .539rough-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .536

Wash sinks, surgeons . . . . . .536, 540Wash stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .539Washer, clothes

rough-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128

Washersgalvanized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234stainless steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234

Wastedefined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335handling equipment . . . . . . . . . .495receptacle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .448

Waste pipeABS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .516copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .516fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .516

Waterblast before painting . . . . . . . . .441blasting . . . . . . .241, 266, 375, 440capacity fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315control valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .527coolers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .250, 539coolers, for handicapped . . . . .481coolers, rough-in . . . . . . . . . . . .536distillation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .534fountains . . . . . . . . . . . . . .250, 539heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252, 530heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251heating, solar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .532heating, whole house . . . . . . . . .255hose, service station . . . . . . . . .453meter boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223meter fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315overhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313pipe, PVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .633pool heating, solar . . . . . . . . . . .252pumps, wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315softeners . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252, 534softeners, rough-in . . . . . . . . . . .254solar heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252storage tanks, solar . . . . . . . . . .252tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .533, 635tanks, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .328temporary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .322testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .533trucks, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .328wells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .298

Water closetscommercial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .537demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .482installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .482

residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .249rough-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .535

Water heatersaccessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .531assemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .532commercial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .530connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .532earthquake restraints . . . . . . . . .531electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251, 532gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251instantaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .532overflow pans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .531propane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251safety pans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .531solar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252, 532stands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .531tankless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130

Water tableflashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271moulding . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224, 226

Water-based stain . . . . . . . . . . . . .238Waterblasting . . . . . . . . . . . .241, 375Watering

embankment grading . . . . . . . .601landscaping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .626sprinkler systems . . . . . . . . . . . .626trenching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .624

Waterproof adhesive . . . . . . . . . . . .18Waterproofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296

acrylic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185asphalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .401building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .386concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297, 342insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185masonry . . . . . . .220, 237, 296-297membrane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .401multi-surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27slab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342walkways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297wood finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238

WaterSeal wood sealer . . . . . . . . .239Waterstop, concrete . . . . . . . . . . . .91Wattmeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .576Waxing

concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .359floors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240, 434woodwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243

Weather vanes, cupola . . . . . . . . . .97Weatherproof

service entrance . . . . . . . . . . . . .575switchboards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .575

Weatherproofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27wood finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238

Weatherstripping . . . . . . . . . .297, 425Wedge tie, concrete form . . . . . . .358Wedges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207Weed eaters, rental . . . . . . . . . . . .330Welded

black steel pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . .498carbon steel pipe . . . . . . . . . . . .498mesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91wire mesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .352

Weldinggrounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .570machines, rental . . . . . . . . . . . .332rebar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .352steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .392tilt-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .368

Weld-o-lets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .503Welfare costs included . . . . . . . . . . .3Well drilling, subcontract . . . . . . . .298Wellpoint dewatering . . . . . . . . . . .607West coast fir lumber . . . . . .195, 197Western red cedar siding . . . . . . .200Wet paint barricade . . . . . . . . . . . . .23Wet patch roof cement . . . . .259-260Wet sandblasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266Wheel corner guards . . . . . . . . . . .391Wheel loaders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603

rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139Wheelbarrows

hauling debris . . . . . . . . . . . . . .340hauling soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .607rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .330

Wheelchairlifts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133ramp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .480swing platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . .473

SAMPLE

668

Whirlpool bathtubs . . . . . . . . . . . .247wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128

White cement . . . . . . . . .82, 430, 437White roof coating . . . . . . . . . . . . .259Whiteboard (chalkboard) . . . . . . .444Whitewash stain . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239Whole house fans . . . . . . . . . . . . .141Wilsonart countertops . . . . . . . . . . .96Wind clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .265Wind turbines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132Windbreak, tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . .470Window air conditioners . . . . . . . .178Windows

aluminum single-hung . . . . . . . .304aluminum sliding . . . . . . . . . . . .304apron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53awning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21, 303awning, aluminum . . . . . . . . . . .305bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .456basement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .304bay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .301blinds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .275bow, wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307casement . . . . . . . . . .301, 303-304casing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54caulking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78circular, vinyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83, 335coverings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277double-hung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .306fixed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302frames, paint removal . . . . . . . .235framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44framing, steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66garden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .166grating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .391impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .304jalousie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302mantels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .298octagonal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .306paint preparation . . . . . . . . . . . .241painting . . . . . . . . . . . .240-241, 243partition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .446picture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302reglazing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102, 341roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .282, 306-307screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .303seals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297

security grill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .489shades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .299sills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .298-299skylights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .423stool, marble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385stool, MDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228stool, wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228storm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307teller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .456treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .299trim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53, 228vinyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .300-302vinyl bay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .301vinyl casement . . . . . . . . . . . . . .301vinyl double-hung . . . . . . . .300-301vinyl garden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302vinyl hopper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302vinyl jalousie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302vinyl picture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302vinyl single-hung . . . . . . . . . . . .300vinyl sliding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .301vinyl-clad awning . . . . . . . . . . . .303vinyl-clad basement . . . . . . . . . .304vinyl-clad casement . . . . . .303-304vinyl-clad wood . . . . . . . . . .303-304wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .425weatherstripping . . . . . . . . . . . .297wells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308

Wiping stain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239Wire

building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .563electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127ground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .563lath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .447Romex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .564screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267service entrance . . . . . . . . .129, 562shelving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273sprinkler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .625THHN, copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . .563URD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .563USE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .563XHHW, copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . .564

Wire brushfinish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .442

Wire glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .421Wire mesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91

fence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143gunite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .360reinforcing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91

Wireless access points . . . . . . . . .130Wiremold raceway . . . . . . . . . . . . .561Wireway, electrical . . . . . . . . . . . . .561Wiring

alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267campus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .463computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130, 463control wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190doorbell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104educational . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .463electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127fence, electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143irrigation controls . . . . . . . . . . . .190landscape sprinklers . . . . . . . . .190phones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .596systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .596telephone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .596twisted pair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .596

Wisconsin tee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .518Wolmanized lumber . . . . . . . . . . .209Wonderboard tile backer . . . . . . . .293Wood

fences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148filler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240finishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238floor finishing . . . . . . . . . . . .56, 434flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . .55, 154, 434flooring adhesive . . . . . . . . . . . .159lumber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209paint preparation . . . . . . . . . . . .241piles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .610preservative . . . . . . . . . . . .209, 239roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .262sealer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239shingles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .262stain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238treatment, lumber . . . . . . . . . . . .209waterproofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238

Wood and composites . . . . . . . . .392Wood chip mulch . . . . . . . . . . . . .188Wood doors

entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107patio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113

Woodcore storm doors . . . . . . . . .115Woodwork

paint preparation . . . . . . . . . . . .241painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243staining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243waxing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243

Woodworking glue . . . . . . . . . . . . .18Work tables

food service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .458kitchen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .458

Workers’ comp insurance . . . . . . .186Working conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Woven wire partitions . . . . . . . . . .447Wrecking, demolition . . . . . . . . . . .104Wrenches, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . .331Wrought iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150

railing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .389W-valley flashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271Wye pattern strainers . . . . . .174, 544Wyes

ABS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .518drain pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126

X

Xerographic prints . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25XHHW wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .564X-ray

barriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .488lead mesh fabric . . . . . . . . . . . .475mobile barriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . .488protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .488viewing panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . .488

Y

Yarddeck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .592

Yardarm, nautical . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453Yellow pine lumber . . . . . . . . . . . .196Yield signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .622

Z

Z-bar flashing . . . . . . . . . . . . .270-271Z-brick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245Zinc primers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236Zone valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .496

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