11 environmental safety and iso 14000 (environmental management)

8/3/2019 11 Environmental Safety and ISO 14000 (Environmental Management)

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Occupational Safety & Health for Technologists, Engineers, and Managers

By David L. Goetsch

2011, 2008, 2005, 2002, 1999 Pearson Education, Inc.

Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

Chapter 29 - Environmental Safety and ISO 14000 (Environmental Management)

MEEM 4058

Product Health, Safety, Environmental Standards andCompliance

Instructor: Dr. Oscar K.S. HUI (Room Y6-626)

Email: [email protected];


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American industry and government are currentlydealing with such issues as:

Acid rain, ground-level ozone, lack of stratospheric ozone.

Radon gas, cleanup of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).

Polluted ground water, higher-than-acceptable levels oflead in drinking water.

Industry and the environment can be compatible,mutually beneficial entities with the proper care andappropriate practices.


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SAFETY, HEALTH, AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Much progress has been made in cleaning up andprotecting the environment since Congress becameinterested in environmental protection in the 1960s.

The EPA reports significant progress in cleaning upair & water pollution since the 1970sbut not all thenews is good.

According to the EPA, nitrogen oxide emissions andocean dumping of sewage sludge are still problems.

Much work remains to be done about environmentalsafety & health.


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Actions recommended by the EPA:

Acid rain - reduce sulfur oxide emissions while avoidingexpensive new regulation-induced clampdowns until

sufficient evidence is available to justify such actions. Ground-level ozone - new regulations that focus on gas

stations & small sources of ground-level ozone emissions.

Avoiding any new drastic restrictions on automobile emissions.

Global warming - focus more on the use of nuclear powerwhile continuing efforts to use fossil fuels more efficiently.

Water pollution - build more sewage treatment plants

throughout the nation as quickly as possible. Toxic wastes - develop & implement incentive programs

to encourage a reduction in the volume of toxic waste.


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Actions recommended by the EPA:

Garbage - increase the use of recycling whilesimultaneously reducing the overall waste stream.

Burn or bury what cannot be recycled, but under strict controls.

Lead - better protective clothing and hygiene facilitiesshould be provided for employees in lead-contaminated

workplaces.

Mercury - better detection, mitigation, and elimination of

mercury in work and home environments.


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LEGISLATION AND REGULATION

The Occupational safety & health Administration(OSHA) is responsible for regulating the workenvironment in an individual company or plant.

Environmental issues beyond the boundaries of theindividual plant are the responsibility of the EPA.

Some environmental issues and concerns do not fallclearly within the scope of either OSHA or the EPA.

Therefore, these two agencies have begun to cooperateclosely in dealing with environmental matters.

To respond effectively & efficiently to OSHA & theEPA, companies may be forced to combine work-place safety & environmental health departments.


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Clean Air Act

One of the most important pieces of federalenvironmental legislation is the Clean Air Act.

EPA & state regulatory agencies have great latitude to

craft regulations to implement the intentions of Congress. The EPA had to draft more than 250 regulations to

implement fully the titles set forth in the Clean Air Act.


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Clean Air Act

The Clean Air Act contains provisions that requirecompanies to take actions necessary to prevent or

minimize accidental release of pollutants into the air.


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Economics of Environmental Regulation

Ample evidence suggests legislation & regulationssince 1970 have resulted in many improvements.

No one has yet been able to produce accurate information

on the cost of benefits derived from these improvements.

We need accurate data on how a countrys annualinvestment in a clean environment impacts:

The unemployment & inflation rate, and rate of growth ofthe gross national product & international trade balance.

Productivity in the workplace, human health, reduced

damage to exposed materials. Agricultural output and Industrial modernization.

Research/innovation in the chemical/pharmaceuticalindustries.


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TYPES OF ENVIRONMENTS

The natural environmentair, forests, lakes, rivers,oceans & other natural resourcesis not the onlytype of environment with which we interact.

Induced environments are those that have been affectedin some way by human action.

A big city with smog has an induced environment.

A controlled environment is a natural or inducedenvironment, changed in some way to reduce oreliminate potential environmental hazards.

An artificial environment is fully created to prevent

hazardous conditions from affecting people and material. The environment within a submarine is an artificial environment.


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The natural environmentair, forests, lakes, rivers,oceans & other natural resourcesis not the onlytype of environment with which we interact.

A closed environment is completely or almost completelyshut off from the natural environment.

A free environment is one that freely allows the flow and

free movement of air.


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Dealing with hazards of the environment involvesprotecting workers within a plant from dangerousenvironmental conditions.

And protecting the general public from unsafe conditionsthat may be created by operations or products of the plant.


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ROLE OF SAFETY & HEALTH PROFESSIONALS

In todays workplace, the safety/health professionalwill take on environmental responsibilities in additionto the traditional safety & health responsibilities.

Be prepared to undertake the increased workloadassociated with environmental safety.

Be prepared to study environmental courses or parts

of courses in their college curricula. Be prepared to undertake continuing education in

environmental issues.


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HAZARDS OF THE ENVIRONMENT

Modern safety & health professionals must considerenvironmental factors in their plans for ensuring asafe and healthy workplace.

Environmental hazards can affect people, machines,systems & other inhabitants of a given environment.

High-humidity conditions can cause mold, mildew, anddamage to mechanical equipment.

Dust, radiation, temperature, and other factors can behazardous to people and equipment.


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Indoor Environmental Quality

Indoor air quality, as the name implies, simply refersto the quality of the air in a work environment.

Sick-building syndrome is a term people use to convey

symptoms they believe are attributed to the building itself. Workers typically implicate the workplace environment because

their symptoms are alleviated when they leave their workplace.


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NIOSHwhich recommends the term indoorenvironment quality (IEQ)have found concernsabout air quality may be caused by a number of

factors, encompassing more than air contamination. Comfort, noise, lighting, ergonomic stressors, job-related

psychological stressors can contribute to complaints.

Typical symptoms associated with IEQ: Headaches, unusual fatigue, varying degrees of itching

or burning eyes, skin irritation, nasal congestion, dry or

irritated throats, and nausea.

Requests to evaluate office environments were onceonly about 8% of requests for NIOSH investigations. Today, they account for more than 50% all requests.


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Why are IEQ problems increasing?

In the 1970s, ventilation requirements changed toconserve fossil fuels & virtually airtight buildings emerged.

Computers & new work technologies forced a change inoffice procedures and productivity.

Ergonomics and organizational stress problems increased.

A dramatic increase in the number of white-collar workers. Greater awareness & increased media coverage may

also have contributed to a higher reporting rate.


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What types of IEQ problems are typically found inthe workplace?

Ventilation system deficiencies; Overcrowding.

Offgassing (ventilating) from office materials andmechanical equipment.

Tobacco smoke, microbiological contamination,

and outside air pollutants. Comfort problems due to improper temperature/humidity.

Poor lighting & unacceptable noise levels.

Adverse ergonomic conditions & job-related psychosocialstressors.


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What do investigators look for during an IEQevaluation?

Pollutant sources.

Is there a source of contamination or discomfort indoors,outdoors, or within the mechanical systems in the building?

Heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system.

Can the HVAC system control existing contaminants andensure thermal comfort? Is it properly maintained & operated?

Pollutant pathways and driving forces.

Are pressure relationships maintained between areas of the

building so air flow goes from cleaner areas to dirtier areas? Occupants.

Do the building occupants understand that their activities affectthe air quality?


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Action Plan for Ensuring IEQ

Maintaining a safe, healthy, and comfortable indoorenvironment conducive to the optimum performanceof employees is a challenge.

It involves the integration of many different componentsthat make up todays complex work environment.

Indoor environmental problems are both preventable

and solvable.


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An eight-step action plan will help safety, health,and environmental professionals ensure a safeand healthy indoor work environment.

Step 1: Designate an IEQ manager. Responsible for the indoor environment can come from a

number of different backgrounds.


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Step 2: Develop an IEQ profile of all buildings in question.

Existing records must be identified and reviewed.


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Action Plan for Ensuring IEQ Step 2: Develop an IEQ profile of all buildings in question.

An assessment of the current situation must be conducted.


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Step 3: Address existing and potential problems. Remove or reduce any sources of problems identified.

(seal or cover the source or modify the environment)

Improve ventilation to provide outside air to employees

and to dilute or exhaust pollutants.

Improve air filtration to clean air from outside and insidethe building.

Control occupant exposure through administrative strategies.(schedule contaminant-producing activities during unoccupiedperiods, etc.)


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Step 4: Training for employees. Employees are often the best sources of information about

problems and potential problems.

Their input can be improved by providing training to familiarize

them with the problem and show them how to raise an issue.

C S SO


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Step 5: Implement a facility operations/maintenance plan,which should ensure:

The HVAC system is in operation during periods of significantactivity

The HVAC system is operated with as much outside air aspossible before employees arrive for work.

Cleaning and housekeeping materials are properly selectedand controlled.

Ch t 29 E i t l S f t d ISO 14000 (E i t l M t)


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Step 5: Implement a facility operations/maintenance plan.

Chapter 29 Environmental Safety and ISO 14000 (Environmental Management)


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Step 6: Manage processes that are potentially harmful. Processes ongoing & problematic should be managed.

Remodeling, renovation, painting, pest control, smoking,and shipping & receiving.

Step 7: Communicate with employees about their role.

Raise issues and help identify problems as appropriate.

Understand that actions/activities can contribute to problems.

Know the organizations policies concerning IEQ & follow them. Step 8: Establish procedures for IEQ complaint response.

A systematic procedure for receiving & responding tocomplaints.



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Step 8: Establish procedures for IEQ complaint response.



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OSHA Hazardous Waste Standard

OSHA Standard 1910.120 sets the standardfor dealing with hazardous materials.



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OSHA Hazardous Waste Standard



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Organizing a Waste Reduction Program

Steps to establishing awaste reduction program.



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C apte 9 o e ta Sa ety a d SO 000 ( o e ta a age e t)

Organizing a Waste Reduction Program

Outline of a waste reduction plan



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p y ( g )

Waste Reduction Audit

A waste reduction audit identifiesopportunities for decreasing the

waste stream of a given facility.



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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (EMS)



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An organizations EMS may be a subsetof its safety & health management system

or a separate component of the

overall management system.



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The EMS should do the following: Establish comprehensive environmental protection policy.

Identify government regulations/requirements that apply

to the organizations processes, products, or services. Establish organization-wide commitment to environmental

protection.

Establish responsibility and accountability relating toenvironmental protection.

Incorporate environmental concerns in organizationalplanning, including strategic, operational, and procedural.

Establish management processes for achievingperformance benchmarks.



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The EMS should do the following: Provide sufficient resources to ensure that performance

benchmarks can be achieved on a continual basis.

Establish and maintain an effective emergency-preparedness program.

Assess the organizations environmental performance

against all applicable benchmarks & adjust as necessary.

Establish a review process for auditing the EMS andidentifying opportunities for improvement.

Establish and maintain communications linkages with

all stakeholders, internal and external. Promote the establishment of an EMS in contractors and

suppliers.



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Rationale for the EMS Movement

Different organizations are interested in betterenvironmental management for different reasons



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Potential Benefits of an EMS

Benefits realized from adopting an EMS: Ease of trade.

Uniform international standards knock down the barriers

created by country-to-country variations. Improved compliance with regulations.

Regulatory compliance is improved by uniform accountability.

Credibility.

Third-party certification takes politics out of the process.

Reduction in liability or risk.

Certification forces a focus on environmental impact.

Regulatory incentives. Companies showing an effective EMS can take advantage

of rewards for leadership in protecting the environment.



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Benefits realized from adopting an EMS: Sentencing mitigation.

A comprehensive EMS may serve as a mitigating factor when

fines are assessed for failing to comply with regulations. Pollution prevention and waste reduction.

Better environmental management results in less waste andless pollution, and attendant savings.

Profit. Better management of any kindquality, human resources,

time, or environmental translates into better profits.

Improved internal management.

ISO 14000 certification requires management methodsthat can improve all aspects of internal management.



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Benefits realized from adopting an EMS: Retention of a high-quality workforce.

Companies that are good corporate citizens find it easier

to retain their best and brightest employees. Community goodwill.

Being good corporate citizens leads to community goodwill.

Insurance.

An established, effective EMS may lead to insurancepolicies written at reasonable prices.

Preference in lending.

Environmental litigation can bankrupt companies, so lendinginstitutions may give preference to those with established EMS.


ISO


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ISO

The International Organization for Standardization(ISO) is a worldwide organization of nationalstandards bodies.

The complete membership roster for ISO contains thestandards bodies of 118 countries.

The overall goal of ISO is to promote development ofstandardization and related activities in the world.


ISO 14000


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ISO 14000

The ISO 14000 family of standards promoteseffective EMS, based on voluntary organizationalcommitment to environmental protection.

It provides the framework for environmental managementas part of the organizations overall management system.


ISO 14000 SERIES OF STANDARDS


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ISO 14000 Series is family of environmentalmanagement standards in five disciplines.




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The ISO 14000 Series contains two types ofstandards:

A specification standard contains only specific criteria

that can be audited internally or externally by a third party. A guidance standard explains how to develop and

implement EMS and principles.

Guidance standards are descriptive standards that also

explain how to coordinate among various QM systems.

The ISO also develops guides and technical reports.

A guide is a tool to assist organizations in improvement

of environmental management. Technical reports are written when a technical committee

of ISO cannot reach consensus on an issue.


Classification of ISO 14000 Standards


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Classification of ISO 14000 Standards

The two broad classifications of standards inISO 14000 & respective subclassifications.


ISO 14001 STANDARD


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ISO 14001 STANDARD

ISO 14001 is protects the environment & companieswhose processes/products may affect it.

EMS.

The structure for implementing its environmental policy. EMS audit.

The EMS audit is the process used to verify that an EMSactually does what an organization says it will do.

Environmental aspect.

Any aspect of an organizations processes, products, orservices that can potentially affect the environment.

Continual improvement. In the global marketplace, good enough is never good enough.

Plan-do-check-adjust model.

From W. Edwards Deming in the area of quality management.


ISO 14001 STANDARD


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ISO 14001 STANDARD

Some types ofactivities

associated withcontinually

improving an EMS.

11 environmental safety and iso 14000 (environmental management)

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