Year 11 Science Christmas Homework:1) Use the two links below to make notes on the following topics:

Circulatory system and diseases associated with it Transport in animals and plants Bonding, structure and properties Metals and displacement reactions Strong and weak acid (Higher tier only) Forces and motion

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/aqa/ http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_aqa/

2) Follow the timetable on the next page to complete your study packs. The study packs are given to you by your teacher. Keep them safe as no duplicate copies can be produced. Use your revision guide for help.

3) Complete the 6 mark questions on:

Organisation in plants and animal Preparation of a salt Force and motion

4) Complete the paper 1 biology and paper 1 chemistry GCSE style (exampro) exam questions.

Timetable for completion of the study pack:

Week number

Week beginning

Biology paper 1 and paper 2 study pack pages

Revision guide page

Chemistry paper 1 and paper 2 study pack pages

Revision guidepage

Physics paper 1 study pack pages

Revision guide page

15 11 Dec Nervous systemp.89-90 (paper 2)

Rate and extent of chemical changep.201-204 (paper 2)

Current, voltage and p.dp.23-28Series and parallelp.29-30Domestic uses and safety p.31

16 18 Dec Bioenergetics: PhotosynthesisP.80-84 (paper 1)

Reversible reactions and dynamic equilibriump.205-207 (paper 2)

Energy transfer p.32National Grid p.33

17 25 Dec Bioenergetics: PhotosynthesisP.85-87 (paper 1)

Atomic structure p.137-141 (Paper 1)

Conservation and dissipation of energy p.46-52National and global energy resources p.53

18 01 Jan Communicable diseases (paper 1)p.128-130

Structure and bonding p.142-147 (Paper 1)

Changes of state and the particle model - density p.54-55Internal energy and energy transfers p.56Particle model and pressure p.57Atoms and isotopes p.58

19 08 Jan Human defence systems (paper 1)p.131-133

Graph skills p.210-218 Atoms and nuclear radiation p.59-62

20 15 Jan Physics paper 1 Assessment

Y11 B4 Organisation in plants and animals

In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising information clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate.

Explain how the human circulatory system is adapted to:

• supply oxygen to the tissues

• remove waste products from tissues. (6)

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Level 1 (1-2 marks) Level 2 (3-4 marks) Level 3 (5-6 marks)State the two main organs of the circulatory system

Level 1 plus…Describe the process of respiration, stating the reactants and products, and explaining the importance of this reaction

Level 1 and 2 plus…Explain how the heart and the lungs work together to supply the reactants for respiration and remove products

Y11 C5 Preparation of a salt

In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising information clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate.

Describe a safe method for making pure crystals of copper sulfate from copper carbonate and dilute sulfuric acid.

In your method you should name all of the apparatus you will use.

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Level 1 (1-2 marks) Level 2 (3-4 marks) Level 3 (5-6 marks)State the type of reaction that takes place and write a word equation

Level 1 plus…Write a step-by-step method, including apparatus used and safety considerations

Level 1 and 2 plus…Explain the importance of the key steps in the method: adding copper carbonate in excess, filtration, evaporation

P11 Force and motion

In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising information clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate.

Figure 2 shows how the velocity of the cyclist changes during the first part of a journey along a straight and level road. During this part of the journey the force applied by the cyclist to the bicycle pedals is constant.Figure 2

        TimeDescribe how and explain, in terms of the forces A and B, why the velocity of the cyclist changes:•        between the points X and Y•        and between the points Y and Z, marked on the graph in Figure 2. (6)

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Level 1 (1-2 marks) Level 2 (3-4 marks) Level 3 (5-6 marks)Simple explanation in terms of forces A and B why the velocity of the cyclist changes between any two pointsora description of how the velocity changes between any two points

Level 1 plus…There is an explanation in terms of forces A and B of how the velocity changes between X and Y and between Y and Z or a complete description of how the velocity changes from X to Z or an explanation and description of velocity change for either X to Y or Y to Z

Level 1 and 2 plus…There is a clear explanation in terms of forces A and B of how the velocity changes between X and Zand a description of the change in velocity between X and Z.

Paper 1 biology questionsCell biology, Organisation, Infection and response

Name: ________________________

Class: ________________________

Date: ________________________

  

Time: 123 minutes

Marks: 120 marks

Comments: Questions 1-10 are medium demand and Questions 11-16 are high demand.

Q1.Pathogens cause infectious diseases in animals and plants.

(a)     Draw one line from each disease to the type of pathogen that causes the disease. 

Disease Type of pathogen

Bacterium

Gonorrhoea

Fungus

Malaria

Protist

Measles

Virus

(3)

(b)     Some parts of the human body have adaptations to reduce the entry of live pathogens.

Look at Figure 1.

Figure 1

 

Explain how the trachea is adapted to reduce the entry of live pathogens.

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(c)     Malaria is a serious disease that can be fatal.

Malaria is spread to humans by infected mosquitoes.

Scientists investigated the behaviour of mosquitoes to understand how the spread of malaria could be controlled.

Figure 2 shows the equipment the scientists used.

Figure 2

 

This is the method used.

1.       30 mosquitoes infected with malaria were placed in Container A.

2.       30 uninfected mosquitoes were placed in Container B.

3.       The total number of times the mosquitoes landed on the socks was recorded.

Name the dependent variable and suggest one control variable in this investigation.

Dependent variable ........................................................................................

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Control variable ..............................................................................................

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(d)     Infected mosquitoes landed on the socks three times more often than uninfected mosquitoes.

Explain how this information can be used to reduce the spread of malaria.

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(e)     Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) affects many species of plant.

Figure 3 shows a leaf infected with TMV.

Figure 3

 © Nigel Cattlin/Getty Images

TMV destroys chloroplasts in the leaf.

Explain how this could affect the growth of the plant.

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(Total 14 marks)

Q2.The human body is organised to carry out many different functions.

(a)     Use words from the box to complete Figure 1 by putting the parts of the body in order of size from smallest to largest.

The smallest one has been done for you.

(2)

(b)     The stomach is made of different types of tissue.

Draw one line from each type of stomach tissue to the correct description.

(3)

(c)     Animals can react to their surroundings because they have nervous systems.

A student investigated the behaviour of small animals called woodlice.

The student set up the investigation as shown in Figure 2.

•        The student covered one half of a Petri dish with black paper to make that side of the Petri dish dark.

•        The other side had no cover.

•        The student put five woodlice into each side of the dish and then put the clear Petri dish lid back on the dish.

Figure 2

After 30 minutes, all the woodlice had moved to the dark side of the Petri dish.

(i)      In this investigation, what is the stimulus that the woodlice responded to?

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(ii)     In this investigation, what is the response that the woodlice made?

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(iii)    The student concluded that woodlice prefer dark conditions.

Give two ways in which the student could improve the investigation to be sure that his conclusion was correct.

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2.............................................................................................................

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(2)(Total 9 marks)

Q3.         The photograph shows some cells in the root of an onion plant.

By UAF Center for Distance Education [CC BY 2.0], via Flickr

(a)      Cells X and Y have just been produced by cell division.

(i)      Name the type of cell division that produced cells X and Y.

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(ii)     What happens to the genetic material before the cell divides?

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(b)     A gardener wanted to produce a new variety of onion.

Explain why sexual reproduction could produce a new variety of onion.

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(Total 5 marks)

Q4.(a)     In humans there are two types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis.

The table below gives statements about cell division.

Tick ( ) one box in each row to show if the statement is true for mitosis only, for meiosis only, or for both mitosis and meiosis.

The first row has been done for you. 

Statement Mitosis only Meiosis only Both mitosisand meiosis

How cells are replaced

How gametes are made

How a fertilised egg undergoes cell division

How copies of the genetic information are made

How genetically identical cells are produced

(4)

(b)     Stem cells can be taken from human embryos.

In therapeutic cloning, an embryo is produced that has the same genes as the patient.

(i)      Name one source of human stem cells, other than human embryos.

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(ii)     Stem cells from embryos can be transplanted into patients for medical treatment.

Give one advantage of using stem cells from embryos, compared with cells from the source you named in part (i).(1)

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Q5.          (a)     List A gives the names of three stages in trialling a new drug.

List B gives information about the three stages.

Draw a line from each stage in List A to the correct information in List B.

List AStage

List BInformation

Used to find if the drug is toxic

Tests on humansincluding a placebo

The first stage in the clinical trialsof the drug

Tests on humans usingvery small quantities of

the drug

Used to find the optimum doseof the drug

Tests on animals

Used to prove that the drug iseffective on humans

(3)

(b)     Read the passage.

Daily coffee dose delays development of Alzheimer’s in humans.

Alzheimer’s is a brain disease that causes memory loss in elderly people.Scientists studied 56 mice that had been genetically engineered todevelop Alzheimer’s.

Before treatment all the mice did badly in memory tests.

Half the mice were given a daily dose of caffeine in their drinking water.The dose was equivalent to the amount of caffeine in six cups of coffee fora human.

The other mice were given ordinary water.

After two months, the caffeine-drinking mice did better in memory teststhan the mice drinking ordinary water.

The headline for the passage is not justified.

Explain why as fully as possible.

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(Total 6 marks)

Q6.The diagram shows part of the human digestive system.

(a)     Name the parts of the digestive system labelled A, B, C and D.

A ................................................................................

B ................................................................................

C ................................................................................

D ................................................................................(4)

(b)     A student has eaten a steak for dinner. The steak contains protein and fat.

(i)      Describe how the protein is digested.

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(ii)     Explain two ways in which bile helps the body to digest fat.

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(c)     A group of students investigated the action of salivary amylase.The students:

•        collected a sample of salivary amylase

•        put a different pH solution and 5 cm3 of a food substance in each of 6 test tubes

•        added 1 cm3 of salivary amylase to each of the 6 test tubes

•        recorded the amylase activity after 10 minutes.

The results are shown in the table. 

pH 7 6 5 4 3 2

Amylase activity inarbitrary units 12 10 3 0 0 0

(i)      Name the food substance that amylase breaks down.

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(ii)     Suggest what happens to the breakdown of this substance when food reaches the stomach.

Use information from the table to help you to answer this question.

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(Total 15 marks)

Q7.The image below shows an epithelial cell from the lining of the small intestine.

(a)     (i)      In the image above, the part of the cell labelled A contains chromosomes.

What is the name of part A?

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(ii)     How are most soluble food molecules absorbed into the epithelial cells of the small intestine?

Draw a ring around the correct answer. 

diffusion osmosis respiration

(1)

(b)     Suggest how the highly folded cell surface helps the epithelial cell to absorb soluble food.

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(c)     Epithelial cells also carry out active transport.

(i)      Name one food molecule absorbed into epithelial cells by active transport.

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(ii)     Why is it necessary to absorb some food molecules by active transport?

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(ii)     Suggest why epithelial cells have many mitochondria.

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(d)     Some plants also carry out active transport.

Give one substance that plants absorb by active transport.

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(Total 8 marks)

Q8.The diagram below shows a cross-section of a plant root. The transport tissues are labelled.

(a)     (i)      What is tissue A?

Draw a ring around the correct answer.

cuticle                epidermis                xylem(1)

(ii)     Name two substances transported by tissue A.

1 .............................................................................................................

2 .............................................................................................................(2)

(b)     Phloem is involved in a process called translocation.

(i)      What is translocation?

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(ii)     Explain why translocation is important to plants.

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(c)     Plants must use active transport to move some substances from the soil into root hair cells.

(i)      Active transport needs energy.

Which part of the cell releases most of this energy?

Tick (✓) one box.

mitochondria

nucleus

ribosome

(1)

(ii)     Explain why active transport is necessary in root hair cells.

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(Total 9 marks)

Q9.Gas exchange takes place in the lungs.

The diagram shows an alveolus next to a blood capillary in a lung.

The arrows show the movement of two gases, A and B.

 

(a)     (i)      Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence. 

Gases A and B move by

diffusion.

osmosis.

respiration.

(1)

(ii)     Gas A moves from the blood to the air in the lungs.

Gas A is then breathed out.

Name Gas A.

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(iii)    Which cells in the blood carry Gas B?

Draw a ring around the correct answer.

platelets                red blood cells                white blood cells(1)

(b)     The average number of alveoli in each human lung is 280 million.

The average surface area of 1 million alveoli is 0.25 m2.

Calculate the total surface area of a human lung.

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Answer ...................................................................... m2

(2)

(c)     An athlete trains to run a marathon. The surface area of each of the athlete’s lungs has increased to 80 m2.

Give one way in which this increase will help the athlete.

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(Total 6 marks)

Q10.Statins are drugs used to treat coronary heart disease (CHD).

New drugs must be trialled before they can be licensed for use.

Some scientists trialled two different types of statin.

The scientists:

•        conducted the trial on 325 patients with a history of CHD in their family

•        used a double-blind trial method

•        measured the change in blood cholesterol levels over two years

•        measured the change in thickness of an artery wall over two years.

(a)     During the trials the statins are tested for side effects.

Give two other reasons why the statins are trialled before use.

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(b)     Describe how the double-blind method is used in this trial.

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(c)     The results of drug trials are peer reviewed before they are published.

Why are peer reviews important in drug trials?

Tick one box. 

To calculate the best dose

To check the drug works

To make sure the scientist gets credit

To prevent false claims

(1)

(d)     The table below shows the results of the trial. 

Drug A Drug B

Number of patients who died during the trial  1  2

Number of patients who reported aching muscles 16 17

Number of patients who reported mild abdominal cramps

18 16

Change in blood cholesterol level in percentage

–50.5 –41.2

Change in thickness of –0.0033 +0.032

artery wall in mm

Drug A is more effective than Drug B.

Give two reasons that support this conclusion.

Use information from the table above.

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(e)     A scientist concludes that Drug A is a safer drug than Drug B.

Give two reasons why this is not a valid conclusion.

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(Total 9 marks)

Q11.          Read the information about stem cells.

 

Stem cells are used to treat some human diseases.

Stem cells can be collected from early embryos. These stem cells have not begun to differentiate, so they could be used to produce any kind of cell, tissue or organ. The use of embryonic stem cells to treat human diseases is new and, for some diseases, trials on patients are happening now.

Stem cells can also be collected from adult bone marrow. The operation is simple but may be painful. Stem cells in bone marrow mainly differentiate to form blood cells. These stem cells have been used successfully for many years to treat some kinds of blood disease. Recently there have been trials of other types of stem cell from bone marrow. These stem cells are used to treat diseases such as heart disease.

Evaluate the use of stem cells from embryos or from adult bone marrow for treating human diseases.

You should give a conclusion to your evaluation.

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(Total 5 marks)

Q12.Coronary heart disease (CHD) can be caused by many factors.

The table below shows data related to CHD for five countries. 

Country

Number of deaths from

CHDper 100 000 population

per year

Percentage of the

population who smoke

tobacco

Percentage of the

population who drink

alcohol heavily

Amount of fruit and

vegetables eaten in kg per person

peryear

A 285 36 19 180

B 251 63 34 404

C 186 47 36 251

D 149 23 34 218

E 128 27 12 222

(a)     Name one risk factor for CHD that is not shown in the table above.

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(b)     A student concludes that the main cause of CHD is not eating enough fruit and vegetables.

Give three reasons why the student’s conclusion is not correct.

Use information from the table above.

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(c)     Explain how the build-up of fatty material can damage the heart.

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(d)     Describe how statins can help to reduce deaths from CHD.

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(Total 10 marks)

Q13.          Some substances move through membranes.

A student set up an investigation.

The student:

•     tied a thin membrane across the end of a funnel

•     put concentrated sugar solution in the funnel

•     put the funnel in a beaker of water

•     measured the level of the solution in the funnel every 30 minutes.

The diagram shows the apparatus.

The graph shows the results.

(a)     After 3 hours, the level of the solution in the funnel is different from the level at the start.

Explain why, as fully as you can.

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(b)     The student repeated the investigation using dilute sugar solution instead of concentrated sugar solution.

In what way would you expect the results using dilute sugar solution to be different from the results using concentrated sugar solution?

Give the reason for your answer.

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(Total 5 marks)

Q14.LDL is one form of cholesterol found in the blood.

People with a high concentration of LDL in their blood may be treated with drugs called statins.

A high concentration of LDL cholesterol in the blood may result in an increased risk of heart and circulatory diseases.

The graph shows the effects of the treatment of one person with four different statins, A, B, C and D, over a period of 8 years. The arrows show when each new treatment was started.

Each treatment was continued until the next treatment was started.

Year

Compare the effectiveness of the five treatments in reducing the risk of heart and circulatory diseases for this person.

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Q15.          The diagram shows some of the structures involved in a reflex action.

(a)     On the diagram, name the neurones labelled X and Y.(1)

(b)     Describe how information is transmitted from neurone X to neurone Y.

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(Total 3 marks)

Q16.The diagram below shows how a nerve impulse passing along a relay neurone causes an impulse to be sent along another type of neurone, neurone X.

(a)     What type of neurone is neurone X?

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(b)     Describe how information passes from the relay neurone to neurone X.Use the diagram to help you.

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(c)     Scientists investigated the effect of two toxins on the way in which information passes across synapses. The table below shows the results. 

Toxin Effect at the synapse

Curare Decreases the effect of the chemical on neurone X

Strychnine Increases the amount of the chemical made in the relay neurone

Describe the effect of each of the toxins on the response by muscles.

Curare ............................................................................................................

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Strychnine ......................................................................................................

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(Total 6 marks)

Paper 1 chemistryBonding, structures, properties, quantitative chemistry, chemical changes

Name: ________________________

Class: ________________________

Date: ________________________

  

Time: 110 minutes

Marks: 107 marks

Comments: Questions 1-7 are medium demand and Questions 8-11 are high demands.

Q1.This question is about the reactions of acids.

(a)     When dilute hydrochloric acid is reacted with sodium hydroxide solution there is a temperature change.

Explain how the temperature changes.

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(b)     Acids produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions.

What is the ionic equation for neutralisation reactions?

Tick one box. 

H+ (aq)   +   H2O(l)           H3O+(aq)

H+ (aq)   +   OH–(aq)           H2O(l)

2 H2O(l)            H3O+(aq)   +   OH–(aq)

H2O(l)            2 H+(aq)   +   O2–(aq)

(1)

(c)     Sulfuric acid reacts with copper carbonate to produce a salt, water and carbon dioxide.

H2SO4   +   CuCO3             CuSO4   +   H2O   +   CO2

What is the name of the salt produced?

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(d)     A student reacted four metals with water and with a dilute acid to work out the order of reactivity of the metals.

The table below shows some of the observations. 

Metal Reaction with water Reaction with dilute acid

Calcium Bubbles of gas X

Copper Y No bubbles of gas

Magnesium Few bubbles of gas Bubbles of gas

Zinc No bubbles of gas Bubbles of gas

Write the observations for X and Y.

Observation at X   ..........................................................................................

Observation at Y   ..........................................................................................(2)

(e)     Write the four metals, calcium, copper, magnesium and zinc, in order of reactivity.

Start with the most reactive metal.

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(f)     Some gases given off in reactions can be identified by chemical tests.

Draw one line from each chemical test to the name of the gas.

Chemical test                                                            Gas

 (3)

(g)     Acids react with bases to produce salts and water (H2O).

The electronic structure of a hydrogen atom is 2,1

The electronic structure of an oxygen atom is 2,6

Draw a diagram to show the arrangement of the outer shell electrons in a molecule of water.(2)

(Total 13 marks)

Q2.          The table shows some information about acids and alkalis. 

Name of acid or alkali Type Ions produced in

solution pH Effect on Universal Indicator

Hydrochloric acid Strong acid H+ Cl– 1 Goes red

Sodium hydroxide Strong alkali Na+ OH– 13 Goes purple

Use the information in the table to help you answer parts (a) and (b).

(a)     Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence.

(i)     Hydrochloric acid is acidic.

Cl-

This is because it contains H+ ions

OH-

(1)

(ii)    Sodium hydroxide solution is alkaline.

H+

This is because it contains Na+ ions

OH-

(1)

higher than

(iii) The pH of acids is lower than the pH of alkalis.

the same as

(1)

(b)     Ethanoic acid is a weak acid.

Universal Indicator can be used to show that hydrochloric acid is a stronger acid than ethanoic acid of the same concentration.

Explain how.

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(c)     Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete this sentence.

completely

Strong acids and strong alkalis are not ionised in water.

partially

(1)

(d)    The diagram shows the apparatus used to find the volume of hydrochloric acid that reacts with 25.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution.

(i)      Which one of the following is the correct name for A?

Draw a ring around your answer.

beaker conical flask pipette

(1)

(ii)      Use the correct word from the box to complete the sentence.

distillation filtration titration

The method used to find the volume of acid that reacts with a known volume

of alkali is ................................................................... .(1)

(iii)     Suggest one way to make the results more reliable.

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(Total 9 marks)

Q3.A student investigated displacement reactions of metals.

The student added different metals to copper sulfate solution and measured the temperature change.

The more reactive the metal is compared with copper, the bigger the temperature change.

The apparatus the student used is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1

(a)     State three variables that the student must control to make his investigation a fair test.

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(b)     Figure 2 shows the thermometer in one experiment before and after the student added a metal to the copper sulfate solution.

Figure 2 

Before adding metal After adding metal

Use Figure 2 to complete Table 1.

Table 1 

Temperature before adding metal in °C ...............

Temperature after adding metal in °C ...............

Change in temperature in °C ...............

(3)

(c)     The student repeated the experiment three times with each metal.

Table 2 shows the mean temperature change for each metal.

Table 2 

MetalMean

temperature change in °C

Cobalt 4.5

Gold 0.0

Magnesium 10.0

Nickel 3.0

Silver 0.0

Tin 1.5

(i)      On Figure 3, draw a bar chart to show the results.

Figure 3

(3)

(ii)     Why is a line graph not a suitable way of showing the results?

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(iii)    Use the results to work out which metal is the most reactive.

Give a reason for your answer.

Most reactive metal ..................................................

Reason ..................................................................................................

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(iv)    Explain why there was no temperature change when silver metal was added to the copper sulfate solution.

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(v)     It is not possible to put all six metals in order of reactivity using these results.

Suggest how you could change the experiment to be able to put all six metals into order of reactivity.

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(Total 16 marks)

Q4.A student investigated the temperature change when zinc reacts with copper sulfate solution.

The student used a different concentration of copper sulfate solution for each experiment.

The student used the apparatus shown below.

The student:•        measured 50 cm3 copper sulfate solution into a glass beaker•        measured the temperature of the copper sulfate solution•        added 2.3 g zinc•        measured the highest temperature•        repeated the experiment using copper sulfate solution with different concentrations.

The equation for the reaction is:

Zn(s)     +                 CuSO4(aq)                    Cu(s)       +              ZnSO4(aq)

zinc       +      copper sulfate solution        copper      +    zinc sulfate solution

(a)     The thermometer reading changes during the reaction.

Give one other change the student could see during the reaction.

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(b)     Suggest one improvement the student could make to the apparatus.

Give a reason why this improves the investigation.

Improvement ..................................................................................................

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Reason ...........................................................................................................

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(c)     In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising information clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate.

The student’s results are shown in the table.  

Experiment number

Concentration ofcopper sulfate

in moles per dm3

Increase in temperature in °C

1 0.1 5

2 0.2 10

3 0.3 12

4 0.4 20

5 0.5 25

6 0.6 30

7 0.7 35

8 0.8 35

9 0.9 35

10 1.0 35

Describe and explain the trends shown in the student’s results.

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(Total 9 marks)

Q5.         Read the information 

Graphene

Scientists have made a new substance called graphene.The bonding and structure of graphene are similar to graphite.

Graphene is made of a single layer of the same atoms as graphite.

Graphene Graphite

Use the information above and your knowledge of graphite to answer the questions.

(a)     This part of the question is about graphene.

Choose the correct answer to complete each sentence. 

(i) ionic              covalent              metallic

The bonds between the atoms in graphene are .............................................(1)

 

(ii) chromium              carbon              chlorine

Graphene is made of .................................................... atoms.(1)

 

 (iii) 2              3              4

In graphene each atom bonds to ...................... other atoms.(1)

(b)     This part of the question is about graphite.

Graphite is used in pencils.

Explain why. Use the diagrams to help you.

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(Total 5 marks)

Q6.The diagrams show the structures of diamond and graphite.

 

Diamond                                  Graphite

(a)     Diamond and graphite both contain the same element.

What is the name of this element? ...............................................................(1)

(b)     Use the diagrams above and your knowledge of structure and bonding to explain why:

(i)      graphite is very soft

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(ii)     diamond is very hard

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(iii)    graphite conducts electricity.

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(Total 7 marks)

Q7.This apparatus is used for the reaction of copper oxide (CuO) with methane (CH4).

 

(a)     The symbol equation for this reaction is shown below. 

4 CuO(s) + CH4(g)  4

Cu(s) + 2 H2O(g) + CO2(g)

The water and carbon dioxide produced escape from the test tube.

Use information from the equation to explain why.

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(b)    (i)      Calculate the relative formula mass (Mr) of copper oxide (CuO).

Relative atomic masses (Ar): O = 16, Cu = 64

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Relative formula mass (Mr) = .........................(2)

(ii)     Calculate the percentage of copper in copper oxide.

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Percentage of copper = ......................... %(2)

(iii)    Calculate the maximum mass of copper that could be produced from 4.0 g of copper oxide.

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Mass of copper produced = ........................................ g(1)

(c)     The experiment was done three times.

The mass of copper oxide used and the mass of copper produced were measured each time.

The results are shown in the table. 

Experiment

1 2 3

Mass of copper oxide used in g 4.0 4.0 4.0

Mass of copper produced in g 3.3 3.5 3.2

(i)      Calculate the mean mass of copper produced in these experiments.

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Mean mass of copper produced = ......................... g(1)

(ii)     Suggest how the results of the experiment could be made more precise.

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(iii)    The three experiments gave different results for the amount of copper produced.

This was caused by experimental error.

Suggest two causes of experimental error in these experiments.

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2 .............................................................................................................

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(Total 10 marks)

Q8.Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is a gas.

(a)     Complete the diagram to show all of the arrangement of the outer shell electrons of the hydrogen and chlorine atoms in hydrogen chloride.

 (1)

(b)     Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid.Ethanoic acid is a weak acid.

Describe a reaction that could be used to show the difference between a weak acid and a strong acid.

You should explain why the weak acid and the strong acid give different results.

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(Total 7 marks)

Q9. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is used to manufacture sulfuric acid.

(a)     Explain why sulfur dioxide has a low boiling point.

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(b)     The equation shows one stage in the manufacture of sulfuric acid from sulfur dioxide.

                            2SO2(g) + O2(g)           2SO3 (g)

The reaction is exothermic in the forward direction.

Use Le Chatelier’s Principle to predict the effect of increasing the temperature on the amount of sulfur trioxide (SO3) produced at equilibrium.

Give a reason for your answer.

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(c)     Use Le Chatelier’s Principle to predict the effect of increasing the pressure on the amount of sulfur trioxide (SO3) produced at equilibrium.

Give a reason for your answer.(2)

(Total 7 marks)

Q10.This question is about compounds.

(a)    The table gives information about the solubility of some compounds. 

Soluble compounds

All potassium and sodium salts

All nitrates

Chlorides, bromides and iodides, except those of silver and lead

Use information from the table to answer these questions.

(i)      Name a soluble compound that contains silver ions.

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(ii)     Name a soluble compound that contains carbonate ions.

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(b)     Metal oxides react with acids to make salts.

What type of compound is a metal oxide?

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(c)     Lead nitrate solution is produced by reacting lead oxide with nitric acid.

(i)      State how solid lead nitrate can be obtained from lead nitrate solution.

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(ii)     Balance the equation for the reaction.

         PbO       +       HNO3              Pb(NO3)2      +       H2O(1)

(iii)    Give the total number of atoms in the formula Pb(NO3)2

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(d)     An oxide of lead that does not have the formula PbO contains 6.21 g of lead and 0.72 g of oxygen.

Calculate the empirical formula of this lead oxide.

Relative atomic masses (Ar): O = 16; Pb = 207

You must show your working to gain full marks.

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Empirical formula = ........................................(4)

(Total 10 marks)

Q11.This question is about sodium chloride and iodine.

(a)     Describe the structure and bonding in sodium chloride.

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(b)     When sodium chloride solution is electrolysed, one product is chlorine.

Name the two other products from the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution.

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(c)     Many people do not have enough iodine in their diet.

Sodium chloride is added to many types of food. Some scientists recommend that sodium chloride should have a compound of iodine added.

Give one ethical reason why a compound of iodine should not be added to sodium chloride used in food.

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(d)     The bonding in iodine is similar to the bonding in chlorine.

(i)      Complete the diagram below to show the bonding in iodine.

Show the outer electrons only.

(2)

(ii)     Explain why iodine has a low melting point.

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(iii)    Explain, in terms of particles, why liquid iodine does not conduct electricity.

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(Total 14 marks)