11.1: The New Democratic Politics in NA

Universal Suffrage 1830

B. The Expansion and Limits of Suffrage

1. Western expansion =a. More states = more opportunities

for voter participationb. Changing from traditional voting

structure2. Able to fight but not

vote. Say whaaat!!3. By 1840, 90% adult male

allowed to vote4. “Time of the common

man?”5. More voting than in any

other country; landless and poor able to vote

B. Election of 1824 & the “Corrupt Bargain”

1. Clay supports Adams

2. Clay = Sec. of State =

3. Stepping stone to presidency

1. Jackson won popular vote2. Felt Clay/Adam move was planned

C. The New Popular Democratic Culture

1. Recognition name of the game

2. Parades and dirty tricks

3. Politicians out in communities

4. Party loyalties5. Newspaper helped

the process

D. Election of 1828

*color coding is incorrect; should be reversed w/ Jackson labeled as pink

1. Popular democracy at it’s finest

2. Man of the people vs. the aristocracy

3. All regions unite to support him

11.2: The Jackson Presidency

“Age of the Common Man”1828-1836

A. Jackson: Anything but Common

Democrat

1. Rags to riches2. Military heroa. Revolutionary Warb. War of 18123. Undemocratic – “Old

Hickory”a. Hated nativesb. Slave owner4. Little political

experience

Jackson’s Inauguration!

“Jackson’s Kitchen Cabinet”

B. Sectional Leaders

• Daniel Webster

Henry Clay North West

John Calhoun South

“Tariffs of Abominations”

C. The Nullification Crisis?

1. Tariffs & Sectionalism: Who’s for? Who’s against?

2. Northa. Supported by merchantsb. Increases sales of American

made goods3. Southa. Feared tariff retaliation on cottonb. Luxury goods prices would

increase

C. The Nullification Crisis4. Tariff of Abomination (1828)

a. Supported by North & Jackson

b. Unconstitutional; South hardest hit c. May pass other unconstitutional laws5. Nullification Doctrine… a. Protects rights of minority (south) b. Is a threat to national unity (AJ)6. Force Bill

Allowed gov’t to collect taxes at gun point since S.C. refused

7. Tariff of 1833 gradually lowers tariffs

11.3: Changing the Course of Government

A. Indian Removal1. Policy of assimilation2. treaties: mostly

underhanded3. Cherokee a. Most assimilated b. Cherokee Nation v. Ga &

Worcester v. Ga.i. as dependent nations, states cannot make natives

give up there landsii. Jackson ignores the verdict and supports the states

4. Trail of Tears (1838)

Demonstrated the unfairness of majority rule

B. Internal Improvements

1. Maysville Road Bill (1830)Congress wants federal gov’t to pay for road in Ky

2. Jackson vetoed it; states responsibility

3. States go into debt; gave away too much land to investors

4. Sticking it to Henry Clay

C. Legal Support for Private Enterprise

1. Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)a. Monopolies are illegalb. Competition & supply and demand set prices

2. Supreme Court limits the regulatory powers of the states regarding interstate trade

D. The Bank War1. Function of Second

Bank of the U.S,a. Held gov’ts moneyb. Sold bondsc. Gave commercial loansd. Controlled state banks;

i. repaid by state banks w/ hard currency

2. Problem?a. No national currency =b. Too many different currencies

at different values

D. The Bank War3. Opponents to banksa. Farmers/urban worker

i. restrict loansii. Call in loans = recession

b. Pres. Jacksoni. Unconstitutionalii. Harmful to states rightsiii. Worked for the elitesiv. Vetoed bank charterv. Helped in next electionvi. Favored “pet banks”- state

banks

D. The Bank War4. LTC of nonrenewal of

bank chartera. Ended Clay’s American

systemb. Laissez-faire economics:

gov’t does not get involved with business; let supply and demand control the economy

c. Permanent two party system opposition

d. Banks at state level = too much speculation and credit

E. The Whigs & the Election of 1836

1. Whigsa. Oppose Jacksonb. Resist “King Andrew”c. Sectional differences subside

momentarily2. Election of 1836

Van Buren (D) v. Harrison (W)

3. Whigs lose but gain political momentum

F. Panic of 18371. Causes

a. End of 2nd national bankb. Speculative boom esp. by

foreign investorsc. Too many new loans at

state level not backed by specie (gold/silver)

d. Contraction of credit by foreign investors; called in loans

e. Price of cotton increasesf. Too much paper moneyg. Implementation of the

specie circular2. Trickle effect of any

recession?

11.4: The Second Party American System

Two major parties: all economic classes and regions of the US covered!

A. Whigs and Democrats1. Democratsa. Think TJ and anti-fedb. Small farmersc. South and westd. Expansion?

James Polk

Van Buren

Jackson

2. Whigsa. Think Hamilton and

Federalistsb. Clays American Systemc. Strong gov’t; interventiond. Religion and self-discipline

important

Henry Clay

Zachary Taylor

William H. Harrison

B. Campaign of 18401. 80% voter turnout2. Reached out to everyday

people 3. Dies one month into

presidency

Harrison

Van Buren

Harrison out John Tyler In

Democrat