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Project DIANE: http://www.ipd.uni-karlsruhe.de/DIANEProject KRASH: http://www.ipd.uni-karlsruhe.de/KRASH

A Taxonomy of Incentive Patterns -The Design Space of Incentives for Cooperation

Universität Karlsruhe (TH), GermanyInstitute for Program Structures und Data Organization

Universität Karlsruhe

(TH)GERMANY

Second International Workshop on Agents and Peer-to-Peer Computing (AP2PC 2003)held at AAMAS 2003

Melbourne, Australia, July 14th, 2003

Philipp Obreiter and Jens Nimis

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Overview

• Project background and motivation– P2P, Ad-hoc systems– Multi-Agent Systems

• (Un-)Cooperative Behavior

• Incentive Patterns– Characteristics– Taxonomy

• Conclusion

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Incentives in P2P and Ad Hoc NetworksExample DIANE: E-Learning in Ad-hoc Networks

Anna

More on SQL?

Official SQL Slides1 - 2 - 4

Summary on 2PC

Exercise Sheet on UML

Exercise Sheet on SQL

Solution to SQL Sheet

Bob

Carl

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Incentives in Multi-Agent SystemsExample Agent.Enterprise: Distributed Supply Chain Management

intraplant interplant external

contr

ol

execu

tepla

n

KRASH-SystemIntaPS-System

Internal PPCMAS

Internal PPCMAS

dispowebdispowebSupply Chain

ControlMAS

Supply ChainControl

MAS

Supply ChainScheduling

MAS

Supply ChainScheduling

MAS

OEMOEM

Customer

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Common Characteristics

P2P-Networks, Ad-Hoc-Networks and Multi-Agent Systems • consist of autonomous entities,• need cooperation to exploit synergies, and• consume (scarce) resources when cooperating.

service

consumerconsumerproviderprovider

remuneration

Abstract model of elementary cooperation:Abstract model of elementary cooperation:

Cooperative behaviour must be stimulated. Cooperative behaviour must be stimulated.

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Taxonomy of Uncooperative Behavior

uncooperative behavioruncooperative behavior

misbehaviormisbehavior venial noncooperationvenial noncooperation

reasonableunreasonable

malicious behaviormalicious behaviorprofitable misbehaviorprofitable misbehavior

unprofitableprofitable

lavish behaviorlavish behaviorselfish behaviorselfish behavior

by provider by consumer

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Incentive Schemes and Incentive Patterns

Incentive Pattern• pattern of stimulating cooperation

– comprises set of abstract mechanisms– generally introduces a specific type of remuneration

Incentive Scheme• applies specific incentive patterns• aims at

– restricting misbehavior– exempting venial noncooperation from punishment

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General Characteristics of Incentive Patterns

Roles (symmetric vs. asymmetric)

Remuneration

• Type (e.g. checks, reputation,…)

• Storage (Where is the remuneration stored?)

• Granularity (regarding the provided service)

• Assessment (Who assesses the remuneration?)

Coping with

• Selfishness

• Lavishness

• Venial noncooperation

Trust

• Trusted entities

• Anonymity

Scalability (number of entities)

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Taxonomy of Incentive Patterns

incentive patternsincentive patterns

trust based patternstrust based patterns

stimulated by trust

trade based patternstrade based patterns

stimulated by action in return

collectivecollective

static

communitycommunity

(remuneration)dynamic

barter tradebarter trade

immediate

bond basedbond based

deferred

Debtor

IssuerAny party

Dedicated third party

is debtorbearer notes

patternbanknotes

pattern

is not debtor

bearer bills pattern

banking pattern

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Characteristics of Incentive Patterns - Summary

Pattern

Characteristics

Collec-tives

Commu-nities

Barter Trade

Bearer

BankingBankNotesNotes Bills

Roles asymmetric symmetric asymmetric

Rem

u-neration

Type

none

reputationservice in

returnnote bill check banknote

Storage Site

consumer − provider/bearer

Rem

u-neration

Granularity

none

arbitrary servicefraction of

servicearbitrary banknote

Assess-ment

consumerprovider/consumer

provider/bearer market

Copes w

ith

Selfishness

+−

+ +Lavishness + + o +Venial non-cooperation

o − − o

Trust

Trusted consumer none cons.cons./debtor

cons./bank

(cons./)centr. auth.

Anonymity − + − (−) o +Scalability − − − + o + ++

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Conclusion and Current Work

Conclusion

• In presence of autonomous entities cooperative behaviour must be stimulated.

• Stimulating cooperative behavior – means restricting uncooperative behavior.

– can be achieved by incentive schemes according to certain incentive patterns.

• Incentive patterns open up a design space that can be exploited by comparing their characteristics to the requirements of the target system.

Current Work

• More Characteristics finer granularity of patterns

• Composition of incentive pattern in one and over different entity layers

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Thank you!

More information (especially the technical report)on our project web page:http://www.ipd.uni-karlsruhe.de/DIANE/en

Are there any questions?

Thank you for your attention!