11/21 daily catalyst
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11/21 Daily Catalyst. 1. How many chromosomes are found in a human somatic cell? 2. How many chromatids are in a duplicated chromosome? 3. What stage of mitosis is shown below? How do you know?. 11/21 Daily Catalyst Answers. 1. How many chromosomes are found in a human somatic cell? - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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1/13 DAILY CATALYST PG. 67 GENE REGULATION
1. How many chromosomes are found in a human somatic cell?
2. How many chromatids are in a duplicated chromosome?
3. What stage of mitosis is shown below? How do you know?
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1/13 DAILY CATALYST PG. 67 GENE REGULATION
1. How many chromosomes are found in a human somatic cell?
46 (23 from mom and 23 from dad) 2. How many chromatids are in a duplicated
chromosome? Two 3. What stage of mitosis is shown below? How do
you know? Anaphase, chromatids are pulled APART
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1/13 CLASS BUSINESS PG. 66 GENE REGULATION
Quiz #16 on Friday Tutoring after school, during 4th period, and during lunch Schedule tutoring sessions with me
Parent Night 1/13 (TONIGHT) Extra Credit for attending 4-6 pm in the Cafeteria
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New studying assignment You are required to study a certain amount of hours per week independently AND
with a group/partner per month Independently= 6 hours per week Group/partner= 4 hours per month Sheet is due at the end of each month on the last Friday (Jan. 30th)
STUDY ASSIGNMENT
Name(s)
Date Time Topic(s) Covered
Notes Signature
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1/13 OBJECTIVE Review the stages of Mitosis and discuss
methods of cell regulation.
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MITOSIS REVIEW
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PG 66. BINARY FISSION What type of cells undergo mitosis?
Eukaryotic- plants and animal cells What about bacteria? Key Point #1: Prokaryotes reproduce by binary
fission Meaning “division in half”
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PG. 66 BINARY FISSION Bacterial DNA is circular in shape Bacterial DNA must be replicated before
cell division Replication begins at the Origin of
Replication A specific site on the chromosome The origins move to opposite end of the
cell The cell begins to elongate The plasma membrane grows inward and
forms two new cells
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PG. 67 GENE REGULATION
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CELL CYCLE REGULATION There is evidence towards cytoplasmic
signals that control the cell cycle. Key Point #1: Cell cycle control: a set of molecules in
the cell that both trigger and coordinates the CC. Regulated at certain checkpoints
(Like a dishwashing machine)
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CELL CYCLE REGULATION Key Point #2: Checkpoint: a control point where stop and go
signals exist Checkpoints register signals form inside and
outside the cell if the cell cycle should proceed OR STOP
3 checkpoints: G1, G2, and M phase
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CELL CYCLE REGULATION G1 check point: AKA the “restriction point” Most important checkpoint GO(green light): complete G1, S, G2, and M phases STOP: Exit the cycle and switch into a non dividing
state (G0) Most cells are in the G0 phase Mature nerve cells do no need to divide
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CELL CYCLE REGULATION Cyclin-dependent Kinases (Cdks): Activate or inactivate other proteins
Checkpoint at G1 and G2 Cyclin: cyclically fluctuating
concentration Kinase: activate or inactivate
proteins by giving them a phosphate group
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MPF MPF: maturation-promoting factor
M-phase promoting factor Triggers the cell’s passage past
the G2 checkpoint into M phase When cyclin is high during G2,
this causes MPF to phosphorylates other proteins.
During anaphase, MPF switches itself off
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PDGF Made by platelets PDGF binds to a receptor and this triggers G1 checkpoint
and get ready to divide IN HEALING!
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CANCER Cancel cells do not heed the normal signals that
regulate the cell cycle. They divide excessively and invade other tissues. If unchecked, they can kill organisms.
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CANCER Cancer cells do not stop dividing
when growth factors are depleted. Cancer cells may make their own
growth factors!
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PROCESS OF A CANCEROUS CELL Cell
Transformation: a normal cell converts into a cancer cell Immune system will cell the
transformed cell, if not, the cell will rapidly divide and form a tumor Benign tumor: not dangerous tumor Malignant tumor: invasive and
starts to impair normal function (cancer) Cancer cells metastasize: spread
from original location
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MITOSIS REVIEW Label each picture of mitosis:
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CELL REGULATION REVIEW