11.5 kingdom plantae-bryophytes pteridophytes 1 hour .pptnew
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BIODIVERSITY
Power point@lecture Slides Are Prepared By Biology Lecturer, KMPk
11.5 KINGDOM PLANTAE
11.5.1 Bryophytes11.5.2 Pteridophytes
PREVIOUS LESSON11.4 Kingdom Fungi
• Unique characteristics-Eukaryotes-Most are multicellular, but yeasts are
unicellular-Non-motile-Non-photosynthetic (lack chlorophyll)
• Classification:-Zygomycota (Rhizopus)-Ascomycota (Penicillium,Saccharomyces)-Basidiomycota (Agaricus)
OBJECTIVESAt the end of the lesson, students shouldbe able to:
•Describe unique characteristics of Plantae
•Classify Plantae into: • Bryophytes• Pteridophytes• Gymnosperms• Angiosperms
OBJECTIVES• Describe the unique characteristics of Bryophytes
• State the classification of phyla Bryophytes into three phyla:
• Phylum Bryophyta (Polytrichum sp.)• Phylum Hepatophyta (Marchantia sp.)• Phylum Anthocerophyta (Anthoceros
sp.)• Describe the sexual life cycle of Polytrichum sp. to show alternation of generation.
OBJECTIVES•Describe the unique characteristics of Pteridophytes
•State the classification of Pteridophytes into two phyla:
Phylum Lycopodiophyta (Lycopodium sp.)
Phylum Pteridophyta (Dryopteris sp.)
11.5 KINGDOM PLANTAE
Multicellular
Autotrophic• Photosynthesis
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS
Alternation of generations • Two multicellular individuals alternate, each
producing the other.
-Sporophyte : diploid(2n) generationProduces haploid spores by meiosis
-Gametophyte : haploid(n) generationProduces gametes
Plants can be divided into 2 groups:• Non-vascular
-Lack vascular tissue-Leafy or thalloid appearance-No true roots, stems and leaves
• Vascular-Have vascular tissue that
transports water and nutrients -xylem transports water -phloem transport dissolved
substances
4 major groups of plants:-Bryophytes-Pteridophytes-Gymnosperm-Angiosperm
Vascular plants
Non-vascular plants
CLASSIFICATION
11.5.1 BRYOPHYTES
11.5.1 BRYOPHYTES
Simplest group of land plantsLive in damp, shady places
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS
Non-vascular plants• Lack specialized vascular tissues
-Rely on diffusion and osmosis
-Whole surface of the plant can absorb needed nutrients
Seedless plants-Produce haploid spores
Restricted in size• Very small (1-2 cm in height) -Make sure all cells could obtain
enough nutrients
No true roots, stems and leaves-Anchored by rhizoids
• Tiny, hair-like structures• Not composed of tissues• Lack specialized conducting cells• Do not play a primary role in water and
mineral absorption
-Have flat, broad tissues that function like leaves
• contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis
Alternation of generations:-Gametophyte generation is
dominant-Sporophyte
• Attached and dependent upon the gametophyte for nutrition
• Smaller and shorter-lived
-Have the smallest and simplest sporophytes
Gametophyte produced:Antheridia : male Archegonia : female
ClassificationBRYOPHYTES
PHYLUM HEPATOPHYTA
PHYLUM BRYOPHYTA
Marchantia sp. Polytrichum sp.
PHYLUM ANTHOCEROPHY
TAAnthoceros sp.
Capsule
Seta
Gametophyte
Sporophyte
-Polytrichum sp.PHYLUM BRYOPHYTA
-Marchantia sp.
Male gametophyte
Female gametophyte
PHYLUM HEPATOPHYTA
Marchantia sp.Antheridia(p)/Antheridium (s)
Female gametophyte
Archegonia (p)/ Archegonium (s)
Thallus Rhizoid
Gemmae cup
Anthoceros sp.
Sporophyte
Gametophyte
PHYLUM ANTHOCEROPHY
TA
Life Cycle of Polytrichum sp.
Life Cycle of Polytrichum sp.
1. Multicellular gametangia are formed at the tips of the leafy gametophytes .
2. Female gametangia (archegonia) produce a single egg.
3. Male gametangia (antheridia) produce numerous sperms.
4. When sperm are released from an antheridium, they swim with the aid of flagella through rainwater to the archegonia.
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Life Cycle of Polytrichum sp.
5. One haploid sperm fertilized with a haploid egg, forming a diploid zygote.
6. The zygote divide by mitosis and develops into the diploid sporophyte ( a stalk with a capsule or sporangium).
7. Spore mother cells within the sporangium undergo meiosis, producing haploid spores.
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Life Cycle of Polytrichum sp.
8. Matured sporangium releases spores and spores germinate and grow using mitosis, into protonema (pl. protonemata)
9. Protonemata develop into new gametophytes plants.
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Terrestrial Adaptation• Drying out
A sterile jacket developed around antheridia and archaegonia which prevent them from drying out
• ReproductionDelicate sex cells must be protected
-Gametangium
• Gaseous exchangePresence of stomata facilitate the
movement of gasses such as CO2 and O2 in and out through the cuticle
11.5.2 PTERIDOPHYTES
11.5.2 PTERIDOPHYTES
• Seedless vascular plants– Produce spores
• Has true roots, stems and leaves
Unique Characteristics
• Lignified vascular tissues– Transport system– Support
• Non flowering
• Photosynthetic
• Alternation of generation– Sporophyte• Vascular tissues occur • Dominant• More conspicuous
– Gametophyte• Reduced to a small, • simple structure
Types of Spore…
• Homosporous– Plants producing one type
of spore
– Develops into a bisexual gametophyte with both archegonia and antheridia
– Eg: Lycopodium sp.
• Heterosporous– Plants producing 2 types of spores• Megaspores– Large spores ----- female gametophyte
• Microspores– Small spores ----- male gametophyte
– Eg: Selaginella sp.
Megasporophyll
Microsporophyll
Megasporangium
Microsporangium
Megaspores
Microspores
Classification
1. Phylum Lycopodiophyta(Lycopodiumsp. Selaginella sp.)
2. Phylum Pteridophyta( Dryopteris sp. )
Lycopodium sp.
Dryopteris sp.
NEXT LECTURE
11.5.3 Gymnosperms
11.5.4 Angiosperms