11640 ergonomics for the 21st century

7/29/2019 11640 Ergonomics for the 21st Century

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ERGONOMICS FOR

THE

21ST CENTURY

OFFICE OF RISK MANAGEMENT

LOSS PREVENTION UNIT


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PRE-TEST

What is ergonomics?

What are MSDs?

What are symptoms of MSD?

How can I evaluate my workplace?

What are some ergonomic solutions?


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COURSE OBJECTIVES

Define ergonomics

Establish ergonomics in the

workplaceIntroduce basic skills in therecognition & control ofoccupational ergonomic

hazardsIntroduce ergonomicexercises.


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PROGRAM GOAL

To minimize injuries due to chronicphysical and psychological stresses,

while maximizing productivity and

efficiency


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ERGONOMICS DEFINED

Ergonomics is the scienceof fitting the job to theworker.


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BIOMECHANICS

The science of measuring theamount of force put on the

muscles and joints of people whenworking in different positions.


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BIOMECHANICS CONT.

STATIC - Holding one object or bodypart in one position for an extendedperiod. EX. Standing or sitting in aparking booth or at a microscope.


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BIOMECHANICS CONT.

DYNAMIC - An activity created by therhythmic contraction and relaxation of

the muscles. EX. Walking


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DID YOU KNOW?

As early as the 1700s scientists were

aware ofrepetitive movementinjuries toworkers.

Bernardino Ramazzini (1633-1714)

Clerks

Cobblers and tailors

Porters


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ERGONOMIC STUDY

AREASWORKERS - what they bring to the job

TOOLS - what they bring to the worker


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ERGONOMIC STUDY

AREAS

TASKS - what the worker must do

ENVIRONMENT- the conditions

surrounding the worker and the tool


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ERGONOMIC FOCUS

The ToolThe Task

The WorkStation and

Environment

The User /Operator


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RESULTING INJURIES

ARE CALLED:

Cumulative Trauma Disorders(CTD),

OrRepetitive Strain Injuries(RSI),

Or

Musculoskeletal Disorders(MSD)


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HOW SERIOUS ARE

MSD

MSD account for:

1/3 of all lost day injuries each year

These injuries cost business $15-20 billionin workers compensation each year


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COMMON CAUSES:

Repetitive and/or prolonged activities

Awkward postures/positions for an

extended timeStatic postures

Vibration

High/low Temperaturesfor an extended time

Forceful exertions


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ERGONOMIC STRESS

AREAS

Knee

Hip


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SIGNS OF MSD

Decreased range ofmotion

Loss of functionDeformity

Cramping

Loss of color

Decreased gripstrength

Loss of balanceSwelling

Redness


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SYMPTOMS OF MSD

Muscle fatigue or pain

Aching

Burning

Numbness

StiffnessTingling


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EXAMPLES OF MSD

TENDONITIS- An inflammation of the tendon.Typically occurs in the shoulder, wrist, hands,

or elbow.CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME- Irritation ofthe median nerve, which runs through a bonychannel in the wrist called the carpal tunnel.

Usually results from excessive flexing ortwisting of the wrist.


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CARPAL TUNNEL

SYNDROME


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MSD CONT.

TRIGGER FINGER SYNDROME- Tendons inthe fingers become inflamed, causing pain,

swelling, and a loss of dexterity.

EYE STRAIN - The eyes become strained asa result of poor lighting, glare or viewing from

awkward positions.


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MSD CONT.

HAND/ARM VIBRATION SYNDROME-Tingling, numbness, blanching, loss of

dexterity in the hand/arm

MUSCLE STRAIN Pain in muscles


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VIDEO


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WHAT CAN WE DO?

Administrative controls

Work practice controls

Engineering controls


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ADMINISTRATIVE

CONTROLS

Employee rotation/job task expansion

Physical adjustments to the work pace

Redesign of work methods

Alternative tasks

Breaks


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WORK PRACTICE

CONTROLS

Safe & proper work techniques &

proceduresTraining

Physical conditioning period


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POSTURE & ANGLES

Whether your tasks are performed while

sitting or standing, always maintain

proper posture & angles--and avoid:Awkward positions, and

Extreme reaches for materials


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BODY ANGLES

HEAD

SHOULDERS

ELBOWSHANDS

WAIST

LEGS

FEET


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SITTING POSTURES


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MORE ANGLES


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MORE ANGLES


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ENGINEERING

CONTROLS

Workstations

Tools/equipmentFacilities


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WORKSTATIONS

The objective is to:

Fit the workstation to the employee

Reduce awkward positions

This can be done by using two methods:


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WORKSTATIONS CONT.

Standard Way

Adjustable

workstationAdjustable chair

Foot rests

Adjustablemonitor

Document holder

Innovative Way

Cut legs off

Add blocks Build foot rest

Thick book

Build platform


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TOOLS

Use of Force or of grip-strength Longer/shorter and thicker/thinner handles

Repetitive motion Ratcheting mechanism or gears

Power tools

Electric stapler

Electric knife

Spring-loaded returns


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TOOLS CONT.Awkward positions Bent or curved handles

Extensions or add-ons

Headphones

Support equipment overhead

Step stool

Forceful exertions Soft-touch keyboards/buttons

Lifting devices


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TOOLS CONT.

Static positions

Anti-fatigue matsVibrationAnti-vibration materials

Anti-vibration mounts/handles

External support

Anti-vibration gloves


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FACILITIES

Lighting/glare


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FACILITIES

Temperature


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FACILITIES

Noise


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EXERCISES &

STRETCHES

These are exercises or stretches that can

be performed at your workstation,home, just about anywhere.


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EYE

Eye comfort exercises

Blinking

Yawning Focus change


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EYE

PalmingWhile seated, brace elbows on the edgeof the desk

Let weight fall forwardCup hands over eyes and close eyes

Inhale slowly through nose & hold for 4

secondsContinue deep breathing for 15-30seconds


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EYE

MovementsClose eyes and slowly & gently moveeyes up to the ceiling, then slowly down

to the floorRepeat 3 times

Close eyes and slowly & gently move

eyes to the left, then slowly to the rightRepeat 3 times


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NECK STRETCH

Tilt ear towards shoulder

Reach up and touch top of head with

palm to hold in tilted positionHold 5-10 seconds. Repeat 2-3 times(come out of stretch slowly)

Reverse side and repeat


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Pec Corner Stretch

Stand at a corner about a foot away from thewall with forearms on opposite sides of thecorner. One foot should be forward.

Elbows should be at slightly below shoulder

heightKeep abdominals tight to avoid arching back

Lean gently towards corner by bending thefront knee until a stretch is felt in front of the

chest.Hold 5-10 seconds. Repeat 2-3 times


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Overhead Reach

Take a deep breathe and reach up overhead with both arms.

Hold 5-10 secondsExhale and lower slowly

Repeat 2-3 times


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Shoulder Pinch

Place arms behind head being carefulnot to press hand into head

Relax shoulders, and squeeze shoulderblades together while keeping shouldersback and down

Hold 5-10 seconds. Repeat 2-3 times


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Shoulder Shrug

Sitting up straight, slowly bringshoulders up toward your ears.

Hold positions 5-10 secondsThen bring the shoulders down and hold

Repeat 2-3 times


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Chair Rotation Stretch

Sit in chair and place feet flat on floor

Reach across your body and grab the

back of the chairPull gently to increase stretch in midback

Hold 5-10 seconds. Repeat 5 timesRepeat on other side


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Arms Behind Back

StretchHold hands behind back and grasphands together

Pull shoulder blades back and downHold 5 seconds. Repeat 5 times


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Thoracic Spine

Extension StretchLie on your back with a pillow underyour knees. Place a firmly rolled towelunder your shoulder blades across yourupper back

Raise arms up as you inhale

Lower arms as you exhale, and hold a

couple of secondsDo this 5 times


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Prop Ups or Press Ups

Lie on stomach and either prop up onforearms or if wrists are not compromised,press up through hands.

Let stomach sag, and allow back to archwithout using back muscles.

If propped on elbows, hold 5-10 seconds.Repeat 5 times

If on hands, press up and down slowly 10times


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Foot Rotations

While sitting upright, slowly rotate eachfoot from the ankles 3 times in one

directionThen rotate 3 in the opposite direction


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Wrist Flexed & Extended

Hold arm straight at waist height

With fingers of other hand, gently press downabove the knuckles, bending wrist down. (DO

NOT hold at the fingers to push down.)Hold 5-10 seconds and repeat 2-3 times

For extending, hold onto palm of hand andstretch wrist back. (DO NOT pull on fingers.)

Hold 5-10 seconds and repeat 2-3 times.


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Finger Massage

VERY gently, massage the fingers ofeach hand individually.

Move toward the nail gently.Massage the space between yourfingers to widen and relax


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Finger Squeeze

Squeeze a foam block OR the edge ofyour desk firmly with all fingers

Hold for 3 secondsRelax your grip

ERGONOMICS


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ERGONOMICS

PROGRAMEssential elements:

Management Leadership and employee

participation Hazard information and reporting

Job Hazard Analysis and Control

Training MSD Management

Program evaluation


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ERGONOMICS POST TEST

What three types of controls can we implement as solutions forergonomic problems?


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List three (3) examples of environmental conditions that affect

employees.


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employees.

Posture is not important in regards to ergonomics. T or F


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employees.


What does MSD stand for?


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employees.


What does MSD stand for?

Two examples of MSDs are, Tendonitis and Carpal TunnelSyndrome. T or F


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What is ergonomics?


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What is ergonomics?

List three (3) signs of MSD.


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What is ergonomics?


Ergonomics study areas include the worker and tools. T or F


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What is ergonomics?


Ergonomics study areas include the worker and tools.

When focusing on the tool, the task and the environment youare trying to find the best combination for the worker

(user/operator). T or F


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What is ergonomics?


Ergonomics study areas include the worker and tools. T or F

When focusing on the tool, the task and the environment youare trying to find the best combination for the worker

(user/operator). T or F

How can I evaluate my workplace?


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QUESTIONS

11640 ergonomics for the 21st century

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