118 transportation then and now.pdf

8/12/2019 118 Transportation Then and Now.pdf

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Transportation

Then ndNowJamesStyring

Read nd discover l l about ransportatlonin the pastand oday ... What were the first planesmadeof?. How ast can solar cars ravel?

Read nddiscover ore bout he worldlThis eries f non-f ict ioneadersrovides

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Transportationsthe movement f people r goods

fromoneplace o another.We can ransporthings n

thewater, n he air,or over and.We

canuseanimals,

vehicles, r ustour eet.Sometimes e travel or

work,andsometimesor vacation r ust or un.

What ransportationan ouseehere?

What ransportationave ouused?

Whatother ransportationoyouknow?

l l rr' . l r ' ,1 r., l 'rr[1,1],,1 l '.rl r'r l t , l i l ,r.ttt l tr1l . i l l (l

\' l l i l r.ri l ,rl t , (1 ,,, i l r, r,,

ow read nddiscover ore bout ransportation

,lt



flhen ndNowUntilabout ,00Oears go,people ad o walkeverywhere.henheystartedo useanimalsor

Peopleused horsesand donkeys for transportation

in lots of places.Peoplealso used camels n Africa,

elephants n Asia, and llamas n South America.

Peoplestill use animals or transportation today.

The irst ehiclesPeople made rafts from tree trunks. They floated

on their rafts along rivers and on lakes. t was easier

than swimming, and they didn't get wet.These were

the first vehicles.

Sleds were like rafts,

but they were used on

land. They were useful

because t's easier o

pull heavy things than

to lift them.

TheWheelAbout 51500yearsago,people

addedwheels o sleds.Farmers

and traders made carts with

two or four wooden wheels.

Cows and horsespulled the

carts. Carts with wheels were

much faster than sleds.

The wheel is one of the most important inventions

in history, and today you can seewheels everywhere.

Cars, buses, rucks, trains, bicycles,motorcycles,

and planes all havewheels. il(rheelsare important

ln englnes, too.

A truckwitha lot of trailers scalled road rain.The ongest oadtrainwasAustratian.

It had117 railerswith 2,126wheels

transportation.ater,peoplenvented ehicles.

Animals



r , i - ii t rcnal ransportat ionUntil about 10,000yearsago,people ived in small

family groups and they didn't travel a lot. Then, as

villagesand towns becamebigger,peoplehad to travel

to find food. Peopleused animals o carry goods ike

meat and fur.

Then about 61000yearsago,peoplestarted to travel

long distances o trade metals,salt, and spices.Ships

began rading in the Middle East 4,500 yearsago.

Peopleused ships becauseanimals could not travel

over water. Soon, peoplewere trading all around

Europe and Asia.

TradersookChinesesitk o Europetonghe

SitkRoad ,500 ears

ago. hey sed orses

and ametso carryhe

TransportationodayToday, every country in the world useswater, air,

and land transportation to trade food, fuel, clothes,

and other goods ike cars and televisions.

Tourists started to go on vacation by train and boat

200 yearsago.From about 1960, with the invention of

largepassenger lanes, ourism becamevery popular.

Today, about 900 million tourists travel to anothercounffy every year.

In 2001, an American calledDennis Tito was the first

space ourist. He flew in a Russianspaceship o the

International SpaceStation. tVill tourists travel to

the moon one dav?

-rnGo o pages 6-37 or activities. ,i;

silkmorehan3,000 ilometers.



\fi@@tumdWe useboats ndshipso transport assengersndfreight.Boats ndships an ravelalong ivers nd

acrossakes ndoceans.Whatboats r ships ave

The first vehicles hat people used on water were rafts

made from tree trunks.Then more than 51000years

ago,peoplemade canoes. hey usedpaddles o power

their canoes.Peoplestill use canoes oday.

ln t947,ThorHeyerdahtuitta raftsimilaro theancientafts. esaitedKon-Tiki ,000 itometersromPeruo an slandn he Pacific cean.

tIt

I,$

.t

t'' t

qi$Tt

4j

r' I. :lI

.{$

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The ix"st&:ipsEgyptian traderssailed he first ships about 4,500years ago on the River Nile. Later, the Ancient Greeks

sailed arger ships around the Mediterranean Sea.

Their shipswere fast because hey used sails,and at

the same ime men rowed with oars.Traders sailed

between he Middle East and India in small ships with

triangular sails.Chinese,Korean, and Japaneseraders

had largeshipswith squaresails.

Chinesepeople nvented he

compassabout 21000 ears

ago. Compasses oint to

north, and they help people

to sail in the right direction

acrossoceans. hey are still

important for sailors oday.i i r 1:1i

you raveled nj'

; { t - . ' '

Thw :6rs*fiq:uxts



' l ' lrc Vil<.ingsir.ed n Dcnmark, Norlvav, and Su,cden

rut roLrt. ( )00vearsago.Tl ' revsai ledaround Europe,

ancl hcl crossed he At lant ic Ocean to Canada.At

thc sumc time, hundrcds of ships \\ 'ere rading betu'een

. fapan, iorca, China, and count r ies n SoutheastAsia.

I i ronr about 1500' Europcan ships sai lccl o North

anclSout l - r r - r - rcr ica,f r ica, and Asia. ' fhci r journcvs

s()mct intcs ()okvcars.A lot of s l - r ips ank clur ing

st () r lns. ' l 'hcships \ 'crcsmall ar-rc ihc sai l r l rs \ 'crc

brar,c. )irates oftcr-tattackcclsl-ri1-lsnci stole golcl

itncl silvcr.

Af tcr : lbout 1800,shipsbccl r r -ncmportant f i r r

in tcrnat ional trade in goocls ikc cof - fbe)ca. , nd spices.Sl-rips ecamc bigger, and thc1,' ad a lot of sails o help

then-rso faster.

I '

,y1

t,ut

li

* r t r . . j

Stcam cngi r- rcsou'crcclm()st s l - r ips f tcr about 1850.

Stcam ships haclpropcl lcrsanci hcl ' \ \ 'crc f i rstcr l - ran

sail ing ships.Tirdav, wc makc modcrn sl'rips ron-t

r -ncta l ,nd

t l-rcir ngincs use oi l or diescl .J-hcre are

about 35,000 corru lcrc ia l ships arouncl hc r . lor ld.

Freighters carrv fbod and clothes., upcrtankers

t ransport o i l , and cruise ships carr \ .passengers n

vacation. I(orea builds the most sl-rinsn the world.

{

'\t

1A.

nryuiLtQ'Zt-::S'*>

t;l( .-\"- \ r /

somesupertankers

areas ongas he al testskyscrapers.nockNevi

is 458 meters ong.

Sai tors sebicycteso

t raveI long he ship

Go o pages 8-39 or act iv i t ies.



Transportationecamemuch aster fter heinvention f engines. eusebuseso transport

people ndgoods,ruckso transportreight, ndtrains o transport eople nd reight.

In 1804,RichardTrevithick built the first train in\Walesin the United I{ingdom. fts steamengineused

coal to heat water.The hot water made steam,and the

steampowered he engine.The train moved along two

metal trackscalleda railroad. In 1825, he world's firstrailroad systemopened n the United I(ngdom. Soon,

railroadswith steam rains were common all around

the world. By 1930,steam rains could travel at about

150kilometersper hour.:,,,,.,:r:r"r,,.':,i i, ':,,:.:,:

ln 1862 the first underground train systemopened

in London in the United ICngdom.Today, more than

160 cities around the world have underground trains.

Modern trains have electricmotors or dieselengines.

Some ong-distance rains have restaurants,and

sleepercars with beds for passengerso sleep n. Trains

are good because hey use ess uel per passengerhan

cars,buses, r planes.Somehigh-speed rains can

travel at more than 300 kilometersper hour.

ffi".lQJ rhe tongestrainjourneyn hewortd

is 9,288 ilometers.he

Trans-Sierian xpresstakes ixdays o travelacross ussia,ro mMoscowo Vladivostok.

--=-**{tt':.oscow I*\ \\-/ d

Vladivostok



Hnrses pulled the first buses 200 yearsago.Buses

becamepopular as citiesbecamebigger,becausepeople raveledon buses o get to work. Modern buseshavedieselenginesor electricmotors. Most busescan

carry more than 40 passengers, nd somevery long,articulatedbusescan carry 120 people. n many

countries,specialbuses ake children to school. nplaceswith no trains,busescarry passengersong

distances etweencities.

In somecountries,busescarry a lot of passengers ndgoods. il7herethe hills are very big, peopleuse rucksinsteadof busesbecause hey are more powerful.

'frains can only go on railroads,but trucks can go

anyr;vhere here there are roads.Trucks can carry

many different things.Tanker trucks carry gasolineor

milk. Refrigerator rucks keep ood cold. In mining

areas, eopleusehuge trucks to carry coal and rocks.Long trucks often have a cab for the driver and a

separate railer for the freight.The cab with a separate

trailer helps ong trucks to turn. Some cabshave a

bed, so the driver can drive a long distanceand then

stop and sleep.

Go o pages 0-41 oractivit ies.



In busycities,bicycles ndmotorcyclesre usefu[.Theyarenarrowso heycango pastcarsandbusesin traffic ams.Can ou rldea bicycte?

ff i la'p'eesThe first bicycleswere made of wood.Then

after 1850 they were made of metal. Early

bicycles,calledhigh-wheelbicycles,were

uncomfortable because hey had no

tires. The front wheel was very big,

and there were no gearsor brakes.

Cyclists often crashed.

Modern bicyclesare saferbecause

they havebrakes and their wheelsare

both the samesize.They alsohave

rubber tires so they are comfortable.

Peoplecycle to work or school, andfor fun and sport. Bicycles are good

because hey don'r produce pollution.

There re1,000mitlion icyclesn

HowBieyc{es'VmrkThe cyclist sits on the saddleand turns the pedals.

The pedalsmove the chain, and the chain powers the

back wheel. Gears help the bicycle to go faster, or to

go up hills. The cyclist stopsthe bicycle with the

brakes. t's good for cyclists o wear a helmet andgloves. hese protect their head and hands n a fall

or a crash.

6'm_ i3i

fd.&.,

brake

theworld, ndonly600mittion ars. f rontwhee{backwheel



ff,6 r'*$

Cars re he mostpopularypeof motorizedtransportation.e usecars o go to workor school,ogo shopping,

nd or vacation. here re amilycars, astsports ars,andspecial ars ikepotice arsand axis.

Tfre { istoryf Carscan you imagine a world without cars?we have onlyhad cars or about l2o years.people laughed at thefirst cars.They were slow and noisy.Two Germanengineers,Daimler and Benz,

made the first car witha gasolineengine n 1885. t only had threewheels.

From about 1905, companies ike Rolls-Roycestarted

to make cars.They were very expensive ecause

peoplemade eachcarby hand.Then, in 1913, he

Ford Motor Company started o make their Model T

car in a special actory. Ford's factoriesproduced cars

quickly, so the Model T was less expensive han other

cars.By I 927 there were more than 15 millionModel Ts on the roads.

Gasoline n the USA was cheapand peoplewanted to

travel ong distances, o by 1950,American carswere

large. n Europe and Asia, drivers preferred small cars

that were better in city traffic.



Most carshavea gasoline r a dieselengine. hedrivcr starrs he enginewith a key.The enginecanpowcr the front wheels, he back wheels,or al lfour wheels.The driver uses he pedals o gofaster, o changegears,and

to stop.Drivers ofautomaticcarsdon't need o change he gears.Cars usuallyhave ive gears or going forward andone gear or going backward.The driver turns thesteeringwheel and the steeringwheel turns thefront wheels.You have o wear a seatbelt toprotect yourself f there s a crash.Airbags alsoprotect you, but older carsdon't have hem.

Sportscars, ike

the BugattiVeyron,

are low.This helps

the car to go fast becauseair can move easilyover t. The

BugattiVeyrongoes aster han 400 kilometersper hour.

It costs1.5 million US dollars,and the peoplewho

make the carshaveonly sold a few hundred since hey

started o produce hem in 2005.

The PeelP50 is the

smallest ar n the world.It was irst made n I 963.

It's 134 centimeters

long and 99 centimeters

wide. Its top speed s

61 kilometersper hour.

Theworld'songest ar s he

American ream.t has24 wheels nd

it 's30.5metersong t has swimmingpoo[, nda heticopteran and n t.

Go o pages 4-45 or activities.



,g l '

Peopte avedreamed bout tying

for thousandsf years, ut hereweren't

anyplanes ntilust

over100years go .Before lanes, eoptelew in hot-airbatloons.

Hot-Air al loonsHow do hot-air balloons fly?Hot air goesup. A fire

under the balloon heats he air inside the balloon, so

the balloon goesup. In France n 1793, he Montgolfier

brothers built the first hot-air balloon for passengers.

AirshipsAirships werepopular between 1900 and 1940,and

they are popular again now. Inside an airship, there's

a gas hat is lighter than air.This makes the airship

stay n the air. Airships have enginesand they can fly

at 90 kilometersper hour.

Fla esPlaneshave changed a lot since the first flight by

theWright brothers in 1903.For many years,planes

were wooden, and they had two pairs of wings.

Today, people make planes from very thin metal and

plastics.Airliners can carry hundreds of passengers

and their bags.Planescarry freight and letters, oo.

Somevery rich people have heir own small plane.

Concorde was an airliner that flew between 1976

and 2003. It could fly from Europe to the USA in

three hours and 20 minutes - twice as fast asother

airliners. t flew at2,140 kilometersper hour.

Thebiggest irl iners heAirbus 380.

It cancarrymore han850passengers.t's a

double-deckernd tswings re ongerhan

a soccer itch



( r i i r t r l r r

HowPlanes orkPlanesusually have engineson the wings.Thewings are a special shape.Vhen air goesoverthe wings fast, the air under the wings pushes he

plane up, and it flies.The enginesmake the planego very fast.

Pilots sit in the cockpit, ar the front of the plane.They use the rudder to turn left and right, and theyuse the tail flaps ro go up and down. The wing flapscontrol the speed.passengerssit in the cabin.

Other ypes fAircraftThe Daedalus s a very light plane.A person pedals

the plane, like a bicycle.

Helicopters have rotors above he cabin. The rotorslift the helicopter into the air. Helicopters are useful

because hey can keep still in the air and they can fly

in any direction. Planes can only go forward.

Planes with skis instead of wheels can land on snow.

There are also specialseaplaneshat can land on

water. Spaceshuttles and rockets take astronauts

and machines nto space.

YvesRossy,rom France,iscalled o cket an.Hehasbuilta very ma[[ tane ithfour nginesn hewings.

D ) Go o pages46-47 or activities.



\ ' 1 . . t l

Mostplacesn he worldhaveandbicycles, ut someplaces

of transportation.hatdo you

I j ,'t \o,t{:.{,,flii

',

vehiclesikecarshave peciaIypes

think hese re?

3

It's very cold in Nunavut in the north of Canada.SomeInuit peopleusedogs o pull their sledsover rhe ice andsnow.Today,many peoplealso ravelby snowmobile

a small,motorized vehicle.

In Mongolia, roads and railroads go between cities, but in

the I(hangai mountains there aren't many vehicles.Farmers

use a donkey or an ox to pull their carts.Traders use camels

to transport goods over mountains and acrossdeserts.

People also travel long distanceson horses.

There aren't any cars'buses, rucks,or evenbicycles

inVenice.This s becausehere areno roads.The city

was built on a lot of small islandsand there are

bridgesbetween hem. Peoplewalk on small roads

called paths, and overbridges,but most iourneys n

Veniceareby boat.People akewater buses o work and to school,and

water taxis to the airport and to the train station'

Ambulancesand fire enginesareboats, oo The

people of Venicehave raveledby gondola fo r

hundredsof years.A gondolierstandsat the back an d

powers he gondolawith an oar.Today,most gondolas

are for the tourists.



Delhi is a busy city, and the traffic is slow.Most people travelon buses, rains, orunderground trains.

Bicyclesand rickshawsare alsopopular.

A rickshaw s a cart for goodsor passengers.A rickshawhas two wheelsand a personpullsit. A cyclerickshawhas three wheels.Thefront is like a bicycle and the driver pedals herickshaw.An auto rickshawhas a small engine.It's the fastest ype of rickshaw,but it,s noisvand it makesa lot of pollution.

Oxford is a small city and there

aren't many hills, so bicyclesare

popular.Also, bicyclesare cheap

and peopleenjoy cycling in the

fresh air. Many of the city's

streetsare small and old, so it's

much quicker to travelby bicycle than by car or bus.

Some cyclistscarry their shoppingand even heir

dogs n basketsor bicycle trailers.

Peopleenjoypunting on the river in Oxford. A punt

is a wooden river boat.To move the punt, Youpush

on the bottom of the river with a long wooden or

metal pole.

' i fu . - i . -,



[nffieffiq@ffieTheworldneedso produceesspo[lution. lectricmotorsproduceesspottutionhandiesel ndgasoline ngines.Wilt att vehicles aveelectric

motors neday?Whatwitttransportatione tike n the future?

CasSome modern carsusebiodiesel.Biodieselcomesfrom plants, and it's a clean uel.We can alsoproduce

clean energy from the sun and the wind. Machines

can put this energy nto batteries that power electric

motors. In the future, most carswill have electric

motors or thev will usebiodiesel.

ShipsAfter 100 yearsof

ships with engines,

sailswill be important

again for ships n

the future. Sailswillhelp to powerships,so hey use ess uel.

In some countries where it's very sunny, there are solar

cars.They use energy from the sun. Most solar cars

are racing cars.The fastest solar cars travel up to

90 kilometers per hour.

Peoplehave made some solarplanes, oo. Solarplanesare very light and they can't carry much. Maybe more

vehicles n the future will use solar energJ.

TransMaglev trains use magnetsto float in the air above

the track.They are much faster than usual trains.tVill maglev trains be common in the future?

Solar ehicles



,* ' fr,Xr-sgfi

Passenger laneswith scramjetengineswill fly faster

than 5,000 kilometersper hour. A scramjetplane will

fly from NewYork in the USA to Hong I(ong in China

in 90 minutes.This journey takes 4 hours in an

airliner.The only problem with going fast is that it

usesa lot of fuel, which producesmore pollution.

t ; r . , '11p'AV*|

Do you dream of being an astronaut?Perhapsyour

dream will come true Soon, touristswill be able to

travela long way aboveEarth in spaceplanes.Space

touristswill seeEarth from space. t won't be cheap,but it will be an amazingexperience.

WhmtNew&?What transportationwill Youuse

in the future?\0fhat about an electric

bicycle? t has a small electricmotor

that makes t easier o pedal quickly'

An electricbicycle s great or going

up hills.

Or do you want to try a Personal

transporter? t has two wheelsand

an electricmotor.You lean forward

to go forward, and to the left or

the right to turn. It can travel at

20 kilometersPerhour.

A jet Packhasone or

two iet engines,but itdoesn'thaveanY

wings. It can flY

anYwhere Do You

want to try a jet Pack?

Where will You flY?

'' Go opages0-51for ctivities'



I Foats rrdShips* Read ages -11.

I Write he words.

paddtecompass ar propetter ait steam ngine

Match.

1 ThorHeyerdahlailed

fromPeru

2 Egyptianaitorsaited n

3 TheAncientGreeks

sai led round4 TheVikingsivedn

5 TheVikings ailed cross

6 Tradersailed etween

Japan, orea, hina,

theAtlanticOcean.

theMediterraneanea .

Denmark,weden,

andNorway.

theRiver i te.

ffi

supertankers

i andSoutheastsia.

\ to an standn he

Pacif ic cean.

3 Write true or false.

1 The irstcanoes eremaderom ree runks.

2 Peopte oweredanoes ithsteam ngines.

3 Chinesehips ad riangutarai [s.

4 TheAncientGreeksaitedoCanada.5 Piratestole otd ndsitver.

6 A cruise hip sa passengerhip.

& Numberhe vehictesn order. = earliest, - tatest.

Answerhe questions.

1 WhywereheAncient reekhipsast?

2 How osai lorsnowwhich irect iono saiI n?

3 WhatprobtemsidEuropeanailors ave bout 00 ears go?

4 What uels o modernhips se ?

5 What hips o ourists sewhen heygoonvacation?

r-ri I canoesr " l

tflrr? i ' [

ff

f*-l saitinships [Tl rafts

6 Howdosailorsravel longKnockNevis?



d Trains,uses,ndTruck** Read ages2-t5.

1 Write he words.

tanker ruck refrigeratorruck bushigh-speedrain steamrain articulatedus

1 lt 's he astestypeof rain.

2 ltsengine ses oalandwater.

3 lt 'svery ongand t carrieseople n roads.

4 lt carr iesasotinermitk.

5 lt carrieshitdreno school.

6 lt keepsood old.

2 Write he numbers.

150 160 200 300 9,288

1 By1930, teamrains ould ravel t l5O kitometersperhour.

2 Modern igh-speedrains an ravel t

kilometerserhour.

3 The ongestrain ourneys ki[ometers.

4 There reundergroundrains n more han

cities roundhewortd.

5 Horsesuttedhe irstbuses

3 Number he vehicles n order.1 = earliest, : latest.

I i dieselrains high-speedrains

i r undergroundrains : steamrains

4 Complete he sentences.

coat steam coaI engine steam water engine water1 Steam nginesse oat.

2 The heats

3 Thehot makes

4 The

5 The

powershe

moveshe rainalonghe racks.

5 Answerhe questions.1 Where idpeopteuitdhe irst rain?

2 Whatuseshe most uelperpassenger,trainor a car?

3 How ongdoest take heTrans-Siberianxpresso travel

across ussia?

4 Where as heworld'sirstundergroundrain ystem?

years go .

D

5 Whydidbuses ecome oputar?



BieyclesndMotorcyles

2 Completehesentences.

comfortable ight popular sma[] strong thick

3 Circle he correctwords.

1 Bicyclesave6-e@ anengine.

2 TheTour eFrancesa famousmotorcycle bicycle ace.

3 The irstbicycles eremade f metal wood.

4 Motorcyctesreslower laster hanbicycles.

4 Write true or false.

1 Motorcyclesndbicyctesave hains.

2 lt'sgoodorcyclistso wear helmet.

3 There remore icyctesn heworld hancars.

4 Mountain ikes ndmotorcyctesave

strong rames.

MarkBeaumontycted 9,440 ilometers

on hisbackwheel.

Bicyclesreheavierhanmotorcycles.

Answerhequestions.

1 Whywerehe irstbicyclesncomfortable?

2 Whydo people ycte?

3 Howdoes cyclist top he bicycle?

+ Read ages 6-19.

I Write he words.

12

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

1

2

3

4

5

backwheel brake chain

frontwheel gears hetmetgtove sadd[e tire

frame

pedat

Racing ikes re

BMXbicyclesre

Recumbenticycles re

Mountainikes re hemost typeof bicycle.

Theiriresare and heir rames re

rlr

4 Whydo racingmotorcyclistseannear o theground?



Read ages 0-23.

Write he words.brake engine frontwheelgears pedals

backwheelseatbelt steering heel

Complete he chart.

weredrivingarge ars. Ford pened tffi.

15mi[[ionModet swere Rotls-Royce

ThePeetP50 cars. was irstmade.

1885 DaimlerndBenzmadel ie f i rsi *ar.

190s

1913

t927

1950

1963

200s

startedo make

themode[ actory.

on he road.

Americans

was irstmade.

TheBugatti eyron

Write true ot false.

1 The irstcarhad ourwheets.

2 TheFordModelT asexpensiveo produce.

3 Rotls-Royceotd15mittion ars etween

1913 ndL927.

4 Smatl ars regoodn city raffic.

5 Cars suattyave ixgears.

6 A car's teering heel urnshe rontwheels.

7 Otd ars avehebiggestirbags.

8 TheBugatt i eyrons 134 entimetersong.

Answerhequest ions.

1 What as he irst ar ike?

2 WhydidAmericansuy arge ars?

3 Whatdoes driver eed o starta car?

4 What wo hings rotecthedriver ndpassengers?

5 Whyaresports ars ow?



AroundheWorld3 Read ages 8-31.

1 Write he words.

snowmobileondolapunt

cycle ickshawsted auto ickshaw

2 Completehesentences.

cycle ickshaw ondotier x sledtravetsuickly ver now nd ce.

A Mongolianarmeranuse n

6

A

A

1

2

3

4

to putlhiscart.

has hreewheels, ut noengine.

works n Venice.

Write hecountries.henwrite he ypes ftransportation.

CanadaUnitedKingdom ndia ltaly Mongolia

1 Khangai

2 Dethi

3 Oxford

4 Nunavut

5 Venice

Answerhequestions.

1 In Nunavut, owdo peopleravel?

2 Whatanimals opeoplen Mongolia se or ransportation?

3 Whyare hereno rucks n Venice?

4 What sa gondola?

What s he difference etween rickshaw ndacycte ickshaw?

6 How osome eoplen Oxfordransporthoppingrdogs?



In heFuturw* Read ages 2-35.

Completehe puzzle.

1 Biodiesels maderom hem.

2 lt uses nergyrom hesun.

3 lt 'sa special igh-speedngine.

4 lt has wo wheets, ut tisn'ta bicycle.

It haset engines,utnowings.

Theywit thelp o powermodernhips.

It usesmagnetsto floatabovethe rack.

You an ravelalongwayaboveEarthn his.

2 Doest fty?Writeyesot no.

1 maglevrain

2 electric ar

3 solar lane

1t

5

6

65+t

4

5

6

3 Writetrueor false.

1 Dieselnginesroduce ore ollutionhan

electricmotors.

Biodiesels a cleanuet.

Wecanputgasotinentobatteries.

Scramjetlanes i][ use essuel hantoday's irliners.

Solar ars re asterhanpersonal

transporters.

Answerhequestions.

1 Howwittships seessue[?

2 Whatdowe use o make iodieset?

3 Where anwe getc[ean nergyrom?

4 Whyareelectric icyclesood orgoing p hitts?

5 What ransportationoyouusenow?Whatwiltyouuse n

the uture?

2

3

4

scramjet tane

etectric ike

jet pack



3

@

@ ATransportationoster1 Findor drawpictures f two vehicles.

2 Writenotesabout he vehicles.

t t I t t t t t t t t t t td. t t t t t t t t t t t t t

Tlpoof transportation:

What'st made f?

Where oss t comerom? * \rlhersdose i Lornorom?

\rlho nvontedt? \rlhen? I Who nventadt? \rlhan?

Writeabouthevehiclesndmake poster.Disptayourposter.

Tlpoof transportation:

What'st made f?

@ ATransportationurve1 Write he names f five rie;rds r peopleromyour

familyat the top of the survey.

2 Askquestions ndcomplete oursu:veywith / or l.

f f i (6

wNames

plane

heticopter

sled

camel

rickshaw

bicycte

motorcycle

truck

bus

canoe

3 Writeabouthe results. isplayour esutts. i

^-dLlr

So & ,. .#4d| .*. *cf, h Hereare some words used n this book, and you can check{,# $Pr,fS t 6t F y what heymean. se dictionaryo check thernewwords.

pair two things he same soccerpitch (orfootbalt pitch) the ptace

passengersomeone you ptay



a

aircraft(pluralaircralt) a vehicle hat float to movestowlyon wateror n the air

can ly freight goods hatships, lanes, nd rains

ambulancea vehictehat akes erysick transport

peopleo hospital freighter or cargoship) a ship hat

ancient from housandsf yearsn he past carriesreight

area partof a place fresh clean ndcool forair)

attack to fightwith someone r something fuel somethinghatwe use o produce

become o changento; o start o beheator energy

canoe a sma[[ oatpowered ith a paddte powers nengine

carry to takesomethingo another lace gold an expensiveellowmetal

change o become ifferent;o make goods things hatwe buyandsetl

bottom the opposite f op

brave not scared

cab where truckdriver its

something if ferent

cheap not expensive

burns ndpowers n engine

direction he posit ion omeone r

something oves oward

movea vehicle

famous knownby manypeopte

ferry a ship hat ransportseopte

funnyunusualramusinggas nota solid r iquid;ikeai rgasolineorpetrot) iquidhatburns nd

ground the and hatwe stand n

heat to make omething ot

lie down to rest n a comfortabte tace, or

example, henwe sleep

low not high

noisy making loudsound

oit a fue[; t 'sa btack iquidused o

make asotine

chitd plural hitdren) very oung erson huge verybig

coal oldwood hat ouburno makeire imagine o hink fa possibleituation

comfortableiceo be n, orexample,oft invent o make rdesignomethingew

beds r chairs invention a new deaor hingcommercia[aboutbuying ndsetl ing island tandwith wateraroundt

common usuat; een n manyplaces lake a bigarea f water

companya group f peoplehat makes land to fty a ptane rom he aironto he

money y producingr sell ing hings land

cross o move romoneside o another leather the skinof an animal; e use t to

diesel a typeof gasoline; l iquid hat make hoes nd ackets

distance he space etweenwo ptaces, metal something ard ndmade rom

for example, eters, i lometers minerats

donkey an animal ikea smallhorse mining f indingminerals nder he grounddouble-decker a vehictewith two ftoors modern not rom he past

electric using tectricitya ypeof energy) motor an engine, ftensmallor electric

energy we needenergy o moveandgrow; motorized with a motor

machines eed nergyo work move to go romoneplace o another

engine machinehatproducesnergyo narrow hin

andgoods ox(plural xen) an animal ikea cow

soccer

example, bus, rain,plane, r ship sotar from he sun;using nergyro mpeda[ to pushwithyour eeton a pedal the sunpirate someone n a shipwho attacks nd space where he moonandstars re

po[[ution something hat makesair, and, spaceshuttte a vehicte hat takes

push to make omething oveaway; he thick not hin

opposite f putl

steals hings romother hipsplastic a man-made aterial

or waterdirtypopular tiked by manypeople

power ship raircraftprotect o keep afe romdanger

road vehicles ravelon it

rock a very hardnatura[material

make ires

safe not in danger

a boat

separate not connected; part

ship a large oat

silver an expensive raymetal

spaceship a vehicte hat takesastronauts' intospace

astronautsntospace

space tation a buitdingn space here

storm badweather;ots of wind and ain

street vehictes ravelon it

t ire (ortyre) the hick,soft ingon a wheet,

top speed t he fastest hat someone r

somethingango

traffic am vehictes hat can't move

becausehereare oo manyothervehictes

triangular n he shape f a triangte

uncomfortable not comfortable

vehicle somethingor ransportingoods

or peopte

power to make omething oveor work astronautsiveandworkpowerfu[ havinggreatpower;beingstrong special differentand mportantprefer to like better spice we use t to give tavor o food; tprobtem something hat is not easy comes romplants

produce o growor make omething steam the hotgas hat watermakeswhenpropellera machinehat urnsquickly o it boits

river wateron land hat goes o the ocean made rom rubber

rotor btades,ike a propelter, n a town a placewith a lot of buildings, arger

helicopter thana vittage ndsmatlerhana city

row to movea boat hroughwaterwith oars trade to buy and se[[ hings

rubber a soft material hatyou use o traffic vehictesmovingatonga street

sail to travel n a shipor a boatusing aits transport o takesomething r someone

or an engrne fromoneplace o anothern a vehicle

sailor someone howorks na shipor tree runk the hickpartof a tree

shape or example, ircle, quare,riangle useful that helps omeoneo do something

similar l ike someoner something vittage a few housesn he countryside;

sink to fall to the bottomof water smallerhana town

size howbig or smalt omeone r without not having omething; otdoing

somethings something

steepercar whereyoucan steepon a train wooden madeof wood

in a bed



Series ditor: azel eatches CLIL dviser:ohnC[egg

OxfordRead nd Discover radedeadersreat four evets,rom3 to 6, suitableorstudentsromage8 ando[der. hey overmany

topicswithin hree ubject reas, nd ansupport nglishcrosshecurriculum,r Content ndLanguagentegratedearningCLIL).

Availableoreach eader:. Audio DPackbook audio D). Activity ook

For eacher'sotes CLIL uidanceo owww.ou .c m elt/ eacher,/readaddiscover

.... Subiect

\:reaLeve[ \

TheWorldof Science

& Technotogy

TheNatural

World

TheWortd of Arts

& SocialStudies

@60 0

headwords

HowWe MakeProducts

Sound ndMusic

SuperStructures

YourFiveSenses

AmazingMinibeasts

Animalsn he Air

Life n Rainforests

WonderfulWater

Festivals roundtheWorld

Free imeAroundthe World

@750

headwords

* A[[ About Plants

* How o StayHealthyr Machines hen ndNow, Why We Recycle

' At[ About Desert ife

. All AboutOcean ife

. Animats t Night

r lncredibte arth

r Animalsn Art

' Wonders f the Past

@90 0headwords

Materials o Products

Medicine hen ndNo wTransportationhenandNow

Wild Weather

AltAbout sl.ands

Animal ifeCyclesExploringurWorld

GreatMigrations

u Homesround

theWortd, OurWorldn Art

@1,050

headwords

Cetts ndMicrobes

Clotheshen ndNow

Incredibtenergy

Your mazing ody

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

AltAbout pace

CaringorOurPtanet

Earth hen ndNow

Wonderful cosystems

. HetpingroundtheWortd

. Food roundtheWortd

For ounger tudents, otphinReaders evets tarter,, and2 areavailable.

118 transportation then and now.pdf

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