12 denr vs daraman

8/11/2019 12 DENR vs Daraman

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The assailed Order denied the 9otion for Reconsideration challen(in( the lastpara(raph of the Decision re(ardin( the ret rn of the s ):ect vehicle to hereinrespondents*

T4e Fa*

In the assailed Decision, the trial co rt s %%ari'ed the facts of this case as follo s8

he accused herein Gre'orio Dara&an and !arciso #ucenecio are char'ed )(ith*violation of "ection 74 of 2residential Decree !o+ 89: as a&ended by E;ecutiveOrder !o+ 9th day of !ove&ber, ?@@>, at about ?=99 o1cloc. in theafternoon, at aran'ay ulao, unici-ality of "an 0or'e, 2rovince of "a&ar,

2hili--ines, and (ithin the Burisdiction of this Honorable Court, the above3na&edaccused, cons-irin', confederatin' to'ether and &utually hel-in' one another, didthen and there (ilfully, unla(fully and feloniously 'ather, collect and -ossess seventyt(o 8< -ieces of assorted si es of lu&ber, (ith a total volu&e of 8 board feetvalued at "E E! H$!DRED WE! !I!E 2E"O" 289 and HIRCE! AO", (ithout first securin' and obtainin' any -er&it or licensetherefor fro&the -ro-er authorities, thus iolatin' "ection 74 of 2residential Decree !o+ 89:, asa&ended and further A&ended by E;ecutive Order !o+


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infor&ed hi& that the vehicle (as o(ned by his e&-loyer, !arciso #ucenecio of theHoly Cross Funeral "ervices in Calbayo' City+ He then too. hold of the vehicle andthe assorted lu&ber and, thereafter, he issued a "ei ure Recei-t &ar.ed as E;hs+ / 1and series+ He also too. -hoto'ra-hs of the lu&ber (hich are no( &ar.ed as E;hs+/C1 and series+ esides, he si'ned a 0oint Affidavit (ith Oli'ario abansa', also aForest Ran'er+ When he as.ed the driver Gre'orio Dara&an for so&e -a-ers for theassorted lu&ber, the latter re-lied that he had none because they (ere nothis+ Dara&an further told hi& that )they* (ent to r'y+ lanca Aurora to secure so&e(ood shavin's fro& the furniture sho- o(ned by Asan and Asan &erely as.ed hi& afavor of loadin' his assorted lu&bers in the vehicle of the Holy Cross Funeral"ervices to be brou'ht to his Asan1s house in aran'ay Abrero, Calbayo' City+

he -rosecution has still another (itness in the -erson of Oli'ario abansa', but both the -rosecution and the defense a'reed to dis-ense (ith his testi&onyconsiderin' that the case (ould be &erely corroborative )of* those already offered by2ablo O-inion+ he -rosecution rested its case (ith the ad&ission of E;hs+ /A1 and / 1and their series+ Its E;hs+ /C1 and series (ere reBected because the -hoto'ra-her (hotoo. the& did not testify to identify )the&*+

For the defense, only accused Gre'orio Dara&an testified because his co3accused(ould &erely offer corroborative testi&ony+ Fro& his testi&ony, the follo(in' factshave been established=

hat on !ove&ber >9, ?@@> in the afternoon his e&-loyeraby #ucenecio instructed hi& to -rocure so&e (ood shavin's /sina-yo1 in "an0or'e, "a&ar+ He used the service vehicle of the Holy Cross Funeral "ervices+ Hisco&-anion)s* (ere elio edoya, Fanny Fiel and Ra'i abutol+ hey (entto baran'ay lanca Aurora, "an 0or'e, "a&ar and thereat, they 'ot so&e (oodshavin's fro& the furniture sho- o(ned by a certain Asan Abin'+ hey loaded


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-erson that Asan had the -a-ers for the lu&ber (ith hi& in his furniture sho- at r'y+lanca Aurora, "an 0or'e, "a&ar+ 2ablo O-inion, ho(ever, did not ta.e his (ord andhe instead i&-ounded the vehicle to'ether (ith the assorted lu&ber+ At about :=99o1cloc. in the afternoon, the vehicle (as still not returned to hi& and soGre'orio Dara&an left and returned to his e&-loyerat r'y+Obrero, Calbayo' City and told the latter about (hat ha--ened+6 1-2

$fter trial, the RTC ac; itted )oth acc sed and ordered the ret rn of the disp tedvehicle to < cenecio*

Prior to these co rt proceedin(s, the Depart%ent of &nviron%ent and Nat ralReso rces#Co%% nity and &nviron%ent and Nat ral Reso rces Office 6D&NR#C&NRO7 of Cat)alo(an, Sa%ar cond cted ad%inistrative confiscation proceedin(s onthe sei'ed l %)er and vehicle in the presence of private respondents* 1.2 The t o failed topresent doc %ents to sho the le(ality of their possession and transportation of thel %)er sei'ed* Hence, C&NRO Officer 9arciano T* Talavera reco%%ended to the

Re(ional &=ec tive Director 6R&D7 the final confiscation of the sei'ed l %)er andconveyance* 1!2 $tty* Pastor C* Sala'ar filed a 9e%orand % dated 3an ary 5!, /00-,conc rrin( ith the reco%%endation to forfeit the l %)er and the vehicle sei'ed fro%private respondents* The 9e%orand % as approved )y R&D $ ( st s


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Prosec tor Feliciano $( ilar did not si(n the 9otion, the RTC dee%ed his silence a si(nof his disapproval of the 9otion*

S )stantively, the trial co rt r led8

; ; ; ) *he Court finds the &otion still (antin' in &erits considerin' that as found

by the Court the o(ner of the vehicle in %uestion, /"t+ 0ude,1 (hich is the Holy CrossFuneral 2arlor o(ned by accused !arciso #ucenecio, did not co&&it any violation of2+D+ 89:+ #i.e(ise, the -rosecution failed to sufficiently establish that accusedGre'orio Dara&an had ta.en or .e-t control of the lu&ber subBect of the &otion(hich (ould thereby de&onstrate that he had ; ; ; -ossession of the subBect forest

-roducts+ Instead, as established by the evidence it (as a certain Asan (ho o(ned thesubBect lu&ber+ ;;;+

;;; ;;; ;;;

he decision of the Court has never been brou'ht on a--eal, thereby the sa&e haslon' beco&e final and e;ecutory+

A'ain, as sho(n by the evidence in the alle'ed confiscation -roceedin's conducted by the OIC DE!R Officer arciano alavera of "a&ar on Dece&ber


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A Re'ional rial Courts have no Burisdiction and or authority to order; ; ; the return of -ro-erty already o(ned by the 'overn&ent+

Res-ondent Bud'e utterly disre'arded and or &isinter-reted the -rovisions of 2residential Decree !o+ 89:, as a&ended by E;ecutiveOrder !o+ B., as a%endedE and647 hether, as a res lt of its filin( of the cri%inal action, petitioner is estopped fro%confiscatin( the vehicle ad%inistratively*

T4e %our 8 Ru+) (

The Petition is %eritorio s*

F)r I ue6Jurisdiction to Order Return of Vehicle

Petitioner contends that the RTC overstepped its : risdiction hen it ordered theret rn of the disp ted vehicle, )eca se the vehicle had already )eco%e (overn%entproperty )y virt e of the forfeit re Order iss ed )y D&NR on 3an ary 5!, /00-* TheD&NR secretary or his d ly a thori'ed representative, nder Section !"#$ of PD >B. asa%ended )y &O 5>>, %ay order the confiscation and disposition of all conveyances ##)y land, ater or air ## sed in ille(ally c ttin(, (atherin(, re%ovin(, possessin( or a)andonin( forest prod cts*

e a(ree* 3 risdiction is conferred )y s )stantive la * 1/42 $ co%parison of theprovisions of the t o relevant sections of PD >B., as a%ended, sho s that the

: risdiction of the RTC covers the confiscation of the ti%)er or forest prod cts as ell asthe %achinery, e; ip%ent, i%ple%ents and tools ille(ally sed in the area here theti%)er or forest prod cts are fo ndE it is the D&NR that has : risdiction over the

confiscation of forest prod cts and, to stress, all conveyances sed in the co%%issionof the offense* Section !" reads8

"ection 74+ Cutting, Gathering and/or Collecting Timber, or Other Forest ProductsWithout License. 33 Any -erson (ho shall cut, 'ather, collect, re&ove ti&ber or otherforest -roducts fro& any forest land, or ti&ber fro& alienable or dis-osable -ublicland, or fro& -rivate land, (ithout any authority, or -ossess ti&ber or other forest

-roducts (ithout the le'al docu&ents as re%uired under e;istin' forest la(s and
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re'ulations, shall be -unished (ith the -enalties i&-osed under Articles >9@ and >?9of the Revised 2enal Code= ; ; ;+

he Court shall further order the confiscation in favor of the 'overn&ent of theti&ber or any forest -roducts cut, 'athered, collected, re&oved, or -ossessed, as (ellas the &achinery, e%ui-&ent, i&-le&ents and tools ille'ally used in the area (here theti&ber or forest -roducts are found+6 1/-2

Section !"#$, in contrast, provides8

"EC+ 743A+ Administrative Authority o the !e"artment #ead or #is !uly Authori$ed %e"resentative to Order Con iscation. 33 In all cases of violations of thisCode or other forest la(s rules and re'ulations, the De-art&ent Head or his dulyauthori ed re-resentative, &ay order the confiscation of any forest -roducts ille'allycut, 'athered, re&oved, or -ossessed or abandoned, and all conveyances used either

by land, (ater or air in the co&&ission of the offense and to dis-ose of the sa&e inaccordance (ith -ertinent la(s, re'ulations or -olicies on the &atter+6 1/.2

If a stat te is clear, plain and free fro% a%)i( ity, it % st )e nderstood in its literal%eanin( and applied itho t resort to interpretation, on the pres %ption that its ordin(correctly e=presses its intent or ill* The co rts %ay not constr e it differently* 1/!2

Machinery is a collective ter% for %achines and appliances sed in the ind strialartsE1/>2 equipment covers physical facilities availa)le for prod ction, incl din( ) ildin(s,%achineries and toolsE 1/"2 and implements pertains to hatever %ay s pply a ant,especially an instr %ent, tool or tensil* 1/02 These ter%s do not incl de conveyances that

are specifically covered )y Section !"#$* The i%ple%entin( ( idelines of Section !"#$define conveyance in a %anner that incl des @any type or class of vehicle, craft,hether %otori'ed or not, sed either in land, ater or air, or a co%)ination thereof or any %ode of transport sed in the %ove%ent of any forest prod ct*A 15B2

Hence, the ori(inal and e=cl sive : risdiction over the confiscation of @allconveyances sed either )y land, ater or air in the co%%ission of the offense and todispose of the sa%eA is vested in the Depart%ent of &nviron%ent and Nat ralReso rces 6D&NR7 secretary or a d ly a thori'ed representative* The D&NR secretaryhas s pervision and control over the enforce%ent of forestry, reforestation, par s, (a%eand ildlife la s, r les and re( lations* 15/2

To i%ple%ent Section !"#$, D&NR pro% l(ated $d%inistrative Order 6$O7 No* .-#04, a%endin( Depart%ent $d%inistrative Order 6D$O7 No* .0#0B* $O .-#04 providesthe ( idelines for the confiscation, forfeit re and disposition of conveyances sed inviolation of forestry la s, r les and re( lations*

&ven the Infor%ation filed in Cri%inal Case No* /0." li%ited the acts attri) ted toprivate respondents to @ illf lly, nla f lly and felonio sly (ather, collect and possessseventy t o 6>57 pieces of assorted si'es of l %)er, = = = itho t first sec rin( ando)tainin( any per%it or licensetherefor fro% the proper a thorities, = = =*A The
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Infor%ation did not contain any alle(ation pertainin( to the transportation or conveyanceof ille(ally c t, (athered, possessed or a)andoned l %)er in violation of Section !"#$ of PD >B., as a%ended*

Confiscation Without Due Process

Private respondents %ain defense is that the Order of Forfeit re 6$nne= @CA7 is a@false, falsified and per: rio s doc %ent*A The Order as attached to and %ade part of the record only hen petitioner filed its 9otion for Reconsideration dated Fe)r ary !,/00!, or only after the trial co rt rendered the assailed Decision* Petitioner %ade itappear, accordin( to the private respondents, that R&D 9o%on(an had approved the9e%orand % on 3an ary 5!, /00-* This does not appear to )e tr e )eca se

$tty* 9ar%ita, officer#in#char(e 6OIC7 of the D&NR B. conte%plated a sit ation in hich the very o ner of the vehicle as theviolator or as a conspirator ith other violators of that la * Depart%ent Order No* .-,Series of /004, provides that the proceedin(s for the confiscation and the forfeit re of
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the conveyance shall )e directed a(ainst its o ner, and that lac of no led(e of itsille(al se shall not )ar its forfeit re*

In the present Petition, the trial co rt r led in the assailed Order that Section !"#$ of PD >B. conte%plated a sit ation in hich the very o ner of the vehicle violated this laor conspired ith other persons ho violated it or consented to the se of his or her vehicle in violatin( it* Respondents < cenecio and Dara%an ere not sho n to haveviolated PD >B., and their ac; ittals ere not appealed*

e side ith petitioner* The ( ilt or the innocence of the acc sed in the cri%inalcase is i%%aterial, )eca se hat is p nished nder Section !" is the transportation,%ove%ent or conveyance of forest prod cts itho t le(al doc %ents* The D&NRsecretary or the a thori'ed representatives do not possess cri%inal : risdictionE th s,they are not capa)le of %a in( s ch a r lin(, hich is properly a f nction of the co rts*&ven Section !"#$ of PD >B., as a%ended, does not clothe petitioner ith thata thority*

Conversely, the sa%e la ta es o t of the (eneral : risdiction of the re(ional trialco rts the confiscation of conveyances sed in violation of forestry la s* Hence, ecannot e=pect the D&NR to r le on the cri%inal lia)ility of the acc sed )efore iti%po nds s ch vehicles* Section !"#$ covers only the %ove%ent of l %)er or forestprod cts itho t proper doc %ents* here the lan( a(e of a stat te is clear andna%)i( o s, the la is applied accordin( to its e=press ter%s, and interpretation isresorted to only here a literal interpretation o ld lead to either an a)s rdity or anin: stice* 15"2

e also phold petitioner s ar( %ent that the release of the vehicle to privaterespondents o ld defeat the p rpose and nder%ine the i%ple%entation of forestryla s* The prea%)le of the a%end%ent in &O 5>> nderscores the r(ency to conserve

the re%ainin( forest reso rces of the co ntry for the )enefit of the present and f t re(enerations* O r forest reso rces %ay )e effectively conserved and protected onlythro (h the vi(ilant enforce%ent and i%ple%entation of o r forestry la s* 1502 Stron(para%o nt p )lic policy sho ld not )e de(raded )y narro constr ctions of the la thatfr strate its clear intent or nreasona)ly restrict its scope* 14B2

T4)r! I ue6!stoppel

In vie of the fore(oin(, it )eco%es nnecessary for this Co rt to resolvepetitioner s third iss e* It is no lon(er %aterial to r le on hether it as erroneo s for the RTC to hold that the assistant provincial prosec tor s fail re to co%%ent onpetitioner s 9otion for Reconsideration as an i%plied disapproval thereof* The p )licprosec tor s disapproval does not vest in the trial co rt the : risdiction or a thority torelease the vehicle to private respondents*

EREFORE , the Petition is GRANTED and the assailed Decision and Order are REVERSED and SET ASIDE * No costs*
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$O ORDERED.

Melo, Chairman!, Vitu", San#oval$Gutierre%, and Carpio, &&', conc r '

1/2 Penned )y 3 d(e Cle%ente C* RosalesE rollo , pp* 40#->*152 Rollo , pp* .4#.-*142 Rollo , p* ->*

1-2 RTC Decision, pp* /#.E rollo , pp* 40#-5*1.2 Rollo , pp* 44#4.*1!2 Rollo , p* 4.*1>2 Order of Forfeit reE rollo , p* /->*1"2 9otion for Reconsideration, pp* /#-E rollo , pp* -"#./*

102 9e%orand % dated 3an ary 5!, /00-, $nne= @C,A rollo , p* 4"E $nne= @//,A rollo , p* /->E and $nne=@H,Arollo , p* />>*

1/B2 Rollo , pp* .4#.-*1//2 The case as dee%ed s )%itted for resol tion pon this Co rt s receipt of the 9e%orand % for private

respondents on 3an ary 4B, 5BB/* The resol tion of this case as delayed )y privaterespondents fail reGref sal to file their pleadin(s on ti%e* The Co rt had to iss e t o separateOrders of $rrest and Co%%it%ent a(ainst private respondents on $pril 5B, /00", for their fail reto s )%it their Co%%ent on the Petition 6 rollo , pp* >/#>57 and a(ainst $tty* Sisenando Fiel 3r* onNove%)er 5B, 5BBB for his fail re to file the 9e%orand % for private respondents 6 rollo , pp* 5."#5.07*

1/52 Rollo , p* 55"* The 9e%orand % for Petitioner as si(ned )y $ttys* Fiel I* 9ar%ita and Chona S* $postol#Octa*

1/42 Office of the Co rt $d%inistrator v' 9atas, 5-> SCR$ 0, /", $ ( st 5, /00.E Depart%ent of Health v' National BB, >B>, Dece%)er 50, /00.*

1/-2 /// V-*1/.2 I(i# , p* >.*1/!2 ?lo)e#9ac ay Ca)le Radio Corp* v' National B/, 9arch 4,

/005*

1/>2 Federico +* 9oreno, Philippine /, citin( ola%) (an < %)er Develop%ent Co* v' Jia, .! Phil 5B/, 5B4, Octo)er /., /04/*

1/"2 I(i# , p* 5//, citin( < Do < J% Corp* v' Central +an of the Philippines, /B" Phil* .!!, .>5, 9ay 4/,/0!B*

1/02 I# *, p* 50B, citin( Central $' carera de la Carlota v' Coscoll ela, -- Phil* .5>, .4/, Fe)r ary 5B, /054*

15B2 K /, D&NR $d%inistrative Order .-#04*15/2 KK. and > of PD >B. 65. J7*1552 $pril !, /00. OrderE rollo , p* /./*
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1542 2 K0, PD >B.*15"2 Ra%ire' v' Co rt of $ppeals, 5-" SCR$ .0B, .0!, Septe%)er 5", /00.E !, ->5, 3an ary 54, /00.*
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12 denr vs daraman

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