12 janin

LANDSCAPEandAGRICULTURE

Spatial and cultural links ,

Social and techno-economic process

Bibracte – Mars 2016

Claude Janin – UMR-PACTE – Grenoble

Landscape and agriculture

A vision of sustainable development, another way to agriculture

" There is a visual language of agriculture resulting from technical production process. The farmer is a craftsman. As craftsman in medieval culture must now be technician , merchant and artist [... ] to develop this part of the agricultural profession , it is first necessary to generate a creative awareness among stakeholders and to highlight the double technical and artistic experience of agricultural practitioners " (JP Deffontaines - 1994).

Landscape and agriculture Cultural links

Knowledge, expertise, « savoir-faire » for agriculture and environment

Representations of landscape et territory

Economic links Economic context

Technico-economic links Production system, geomorphology, climatic and soil

context

Agriculture : « landscape economy »

Some reading keys

Farmers , manufacturers landscape

occupation, use and valorization of soil méthodes depend on the potential of "pedo- climatic context" types of production , and economic conditions

1905 mosaic of mixed farming ....

Today specialization farming in mountain ...fewer farmers (lower rentability), no crops (low productivity of soils)

From self-sufficiency to the market economy :the breeding specialization replaces polyculture

And so production systems are changing

Alpine pastures

Close pastures

Hay

Crops*

* Crops for subsistance : potatoes, corn, rye, vine…

Maintained hedges

Stable edges

Alpine pastures

Close pastures

Hay

Neglected hedges

Unstable edgesExtension of forest

Understanding the links between production and landscape systems

The sustainability of agriculture , landscape,depend on the opportunities of complementarity between surface types (soil type , topography, location of parcels )necessaries in the production system (pasture , crops ... )

This complementarity is readable in the landscape

SIEGED’EXPLOITATION

PATURAGEGENISSES

FOINS

PATURAGEVACHES

CEREALES

MAIS GRAINOU ENSILAGE

complementarity:

forage crops in the plains and pastures on the hillssoil productivity six times higher in plain

complementarity:

forage in the benches and pastures on the slopes

Actors and conditions of agriculture and landscape linksTypes Conditions Acteurs EnjeuDivision between types of spaces

Landform and soils,

actors decisions

Dynamic spaces

Elected officials and public actors

local actors

Landscape legibility

Attractiveness and territorial balance

agricultural building

Types of productions

Planners landscape character

Sustainability of agriculture

landscape and spatial structures

Type of environment management

ownersfarmers

landscape character

ecological continuums

Occupation of space

Landforms and soils

Type systemSocioecomonic conditions

Farmers Landscape opening

Landscape type

Examples of actions linking agriculture and landscape

Animation and concerted action on " Agriculture and Landscapes " in a Vosges valley


Partners:

Community of Municipalities of the Valley of Saint- Amarin ,

Regional Council ,

General Council,

European Regional Natural Park of Ballons des Vosges ..

Animate Valley landscape plan, and promote agricultural development of mountain farmers , because they maintain the landscape : clearing operations (Improvements Pastoral ) , followed by

the Sustainable Agriculture Contracts , development of farm products with the creation of a

producers shop and organizing farmers markets

Nearly 700 ha cleared, nearly 1200 ha are under contract CTE or CAD, a shop of producers created, farmers market are organized each year, a reflection to develop wood energy, a group of employers set up.



Economic approach : links between product quality and quality of landscape AOC ST Nectaire -Yves

Michelin. Vtagro’Sup Clermont-Ferrand


The resulting "landscape" is in no way responsible for the process, but an induced benefit

Product quality , cheese from St Nectaire , remains predominant and determines the evolution of modes to assert landscape factors :

burons summer pastures in the past, maintaining the herd closer to the farm today.

return to traditional methods with renewed for the practice of summer pasture


Landscape plan and Côtes du Ventoux 51 municipalities in the Vaucluse. Project leader: General Union of winegrowers of the Côtes du

Ventoux Carpentras. Partners: Landscape and Tourism: DIREN, CCA, CDT,

CMEAgricultural Organisation: Chamber of Agriculture, Inter Rhône, INAOActors: Municipalities and Communities of Agglomeration, General Council, Regional Council, DDE, DDAF, Regional Natural Park of Luberon


To support growers in their efforts to develop their production by taking into account the landscape, a major asset for viticulture .

A landscape diagnosis, consulting guide the design of future projects taking into account the uniqueness of each landscape unit-

A landscape plan real program of actions, collective and participatory approach winemakers with other local actors-

A tourist brochure "Paths winemakers in the landscapes of the" Côtes du Ventoux "promotional and communication tool. Beneficiaries: Winemakers, tourists.

Landscape plan and Côtes du Ventoux


method:

Study of the soils in the knowledge of their influence on the quality and typical wines of the Côtes du Ventoux.

Approach the landscape potential to communicate the quality and variety of wines.

Development of a landscape plan.

Landscape plan and Côtes du Ventoux

Policies

The case of PAEC (agro-environmental and climatic project: towards concerted management of agriculture to the environment ?


Example of Bièvre (between Grenoble et Lyon)

environmental and landscape concerted plan

Encourage farmers, with financial measures, to maintain the ecological continuum (hedges, groves, wetlands ...)

The agricultural landscape of the Grand Site Which project ?

Typical landscape Links to history

What strategies and actions? Landscape opening Forest management landscape structures

What contributions for agriculture? Direct landscape actions Management of production systems economic orientation and development of products

12 janin

Presentations & Public Speaking