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Office of tlie Chief of NaYal OpGrations Wnshington

octob0r 22, 1942

RESmlE OF J,cfi\lJESE HIFLUENCE OH THE lJEGROES n; TEE l'NITED STATES

~ Origin in Japan

a. Sumrn.ury of Evidence

rt is quite apparerrt that tha pre sent policy of the Japun.esc Govc:rmflent to explo.it ,tho !Jvgro8 s in ordor · to preci­pitatu a major inturn&l s8 curi ty prob lorn in the Uni t,cd Sta to s is :based upon ?rllvious steps in this ·direction w·hich indicate: that racial c-.gitation may wvll bo incorpornt0d,:3-s a definite part. of JG.paL' s progr;. ... _rJ for ·viorld su~)run&cy.

In 1904, yrhen., at the conclusion of the Russo-Jap·anosc rfar., the }:~oho.mmedhns, as well us the colored -rnces of the

~vrorld, hu.iled -.-v:..ti.1 delig~-tt the Jupcnese victor~.-, Jupan immedi­ately seized upon U,i.s OiJportunity to cultivccte the koorish races, and b..s the protector of Islr-..m Gg;~:_inst ·-,.chite 8xploi tr,tion, rece.ived Ln IslL.m.ic, }Iission se1,t to :;:_Jrorn.ote tl1oir nutw.::~.4-n­terests.

Further :indicc.tion of Jup::_n' R use of r1Acir:,l co'o:ver::.~tion is sh01Nn in the Tnnc..k["' Memoriul. (Tl-iis documr::nt v,res WTitten by Jaron TAFi~KJ-., u reported loLder of the Blc..ck Drugan Society, und v~c:.s presented to the Emperor of Ji,ei-Jun on July 7, 1927.) In de scribing· the fifth-colu.i;;n methods Ju pun would undertc,ke in getting_ control of Mt~nchuriu, T.f .. }TJ,JCA sb:i.ted th~,t in ord0r to o s-c:nbli sh ·h8r solf in key positions in Mcnchuric.:., Jt.?G.n would use Korec.tns 1,rho vmro no..turr.1lizud Chinusu to pu.w3trtito cconomi­cully foe' thu Jc,panosu, ]k sc.id thc,t thos0 Kor0ccns were Chinos8 only in m.m0, thc.t tlwy could ·ou instigcctod to militc.ry c.ctivi­tiu_'s vrhentvt...c nscvssu.ry, thr~t 11 undur tho pr0tenco _of supprossing Itoreahs we could be,cr them c,id", C\nd th, t bececuse not ,,.11 the

·r:orenns \-rere n.c..turc,lized Chinese, the vmrld -vmulO. not ~'"lOV\/

'whether the Chinese Kore: .. ns or the J:.:p:..tne:se Korectns ·•vE?re creuti:ig tfle trouble. This technique i:i.lustri:tes i:, pr,.Jcedura £,dhercd to by Jn:;_x:i.nese in t.(D orr;t..nized ·effort to use rninori t;r iroups -'.:·'.s c,

. rJ.ec.:.ns to t~chiove previo1:1s1y· forrnuluj>Jd pluns.

On s.eva.rLl occ.:,sions th.o Blo.ck Dn.,e_;on Society, -11vhich is considered tb.a Eost pow'0rful, secret politi-ccl orbLDiZ~ltion in

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Jnpr,n, hu s offured refuge to Acic:tic exiles of pot,mtir:l mili­ti,ry or poli ti eel ir11portunco ... Tho so indi vidunl s wer,;;; L,nd Lre being used to promote racial,. political and nationalistic agi­tation in thuir homelands, undoubtedly v.rith a view toward pre­paring them for positions as Oriental Quislings.

li. notevmrthy exaraplo is Rash Bohari BOSE, an Indian J!ationalist, who, aftor provoking ruvolutionaryuprisings in India, flod to Japn:i in 1915., ·,.,,-htJre ho was rescuod and protec­tud by ILitsuru TOY.h.}L~ (founder of the Black Dragoe Society), the lutu Promior I'.J\JKi,I, and othor J1'pai;dsv political loaders. BOSE, 1-:rho is u naturulizud Jupanosv citizu11 nnC. whose son hus roportodly joined thu Jc.pemcso i.rmy, is nov, actively promoting Indio.n Indopendence via his ''Voicu oi' Indir~'t radio broo..dcusts. In this connection it is inturustint; to notu thc.t one Subho.s Chandra BOSE, form:;r President of the All Indiu Congress, has Ulso beE;;m deno1.;,ncing Britj_sh Impori&lism in India nnd c.dvocnt­ing tho mobilization of Indicms c;ll ovor tho world through his clnnd0stinu rGdio station in ttFrbe India 11 • .i.ppc.r~ntly, Subht.::._s Chandrr, BOSE hns spoken from ,, number of Axis c,"pitr..ls nnd must r0ccntly (Soptasbor, 1942) his broadcasts huvo cor:io from Borlin, whora he is ccl10g0dly indoctrim,ting tho E,,st Indians in Gurmcny for thu purpose of co;;nnittin.g sllbotecge in Ir.1diu. Inasnuch as this BOSE (Subhus Chandra) is rq1ort0dly pro­Japanoso and., also nccording to report, -,ms in Japan in Fobru­ury,, 1942, it is highly probable:! that h0 too is rocoiving Japanese encourap;omont in his o.:fforts tc:i offoct Indian rosis­tanc& and is therefore unuthtir Japan:.; so '1tool 11

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Japan has likawise attunptud to gain a foothold in the Philippint.::: Islunds. 1'fuil0 tho Filipino radichl_. Bonigno P,JJ,10S, was iu exile in J&pa:n ( somutirno prior to 1935.), he; c0ntactcd Vii t'suru TOYJJ~L:\ and., aftor a fE-)W yuar s' rt:: sidoncc 'in Y:,k:Jhnraa, ruturnod to tht.J ?hilippinu s to curry out Jc.per..' s instructions to tho oxtunt ,if crof!.ting n r<..:vo-lution i:1 th,.; Isla.nds prup..::.rt:.­tory t.J 8. cont0m.plt.~tcd Japnnuso invc.sioE. In viovir of th . .::: ubovo illustrations, it is lq;icul to boliuvu thnt thu Black Drcpn Society utilized General Arte1.1io RICLft'C~_. a Filipino, v1ho, rofusirrr; to pledgu alleciance to tho United Stat& s, was banished from tho Philippines and "went "to Japan i,i 1904. RIC,';RTE became a Japanoso citizen and lived in Japan until just recently, when, aftcir thl;;.) fall of ]:Ianilu, he w&s reported _to Imvc nssum\J.d the rolo of a Filipino Quisling.

Since the Black Dragon Society is generally believed to bo thv sponsor of Japan's racial Egitution, it was ·quite natural that, in 1935, this Society 1,nmchud thu Japanes0 Fifth Colwnn upon " mission of propaganda r,nong the Mohmnmedrms in tho Dutch East Indies, Apptcrently, Eoorish support has beun "n importrcnt, step in Japan ts udvL~cc-Jment ,'.J.s o. vmrld po--,iror, o.nd particulc.rly

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in h0r influence n:nd control of Uogro orgunizations in tho United Str-tos. In this connection, it is inturosting to note thc.t the most poworful nnd subvursive Nogro org,::.nizutions in the Unitod Stntes ore Moorish in chnrC1ctor nnd h,wo in nlmost ovury phns0 of thuir ovolution shown evidence of Jqir.nose con­noctions.

Jr_pr.n' s i:ntvrost in th·.:: progruss of hur rnci[,l 0xploi­tGtio:ri in tho United States wns mrlnifustt.ld v1hon, on his exten­sive tour of inspection of the United Stntos in 1941, l.\ccjor Itizi SUGIT .. :' .. , Chief of th.0 i:.J-10rim,n Suction of the Jc.]u:_:;·so G0ri,...:rc,l st~,ff, contc,cted two Jnpet~:i.oso loc.:d0rs of' Nogro D.i;itu­tion, Dr. K. K. FURUICHI c.nd Naki~ N.l: .. :c .. ·.JJE. Ruco::::rt Jc~pc:.noso radio bro,.dm, sts al so tu stify to Jccplln I s clo s-c cttontion to th0 increr·.sad J.Jugro unrvst in tho Unitod Stutes. In C~ series of luctures, given in F0bruccry, 1942, ov~r :, Jepc.noso Govern-1aont rndio stntion, one KOl:LKI, c, profo ssor in c.::_n Ir,1poriul Government University, outlined the history of the oppres.sion of the dark races by the whites-, and stated that the Asiatic race, of which Japan was the root, included even the Indi_ans of .A.rneric&. Other Javanese ·br-oadca·sts contain rJ.umerous r6f­erences 'to the havoc in the Un2ted ·states caused by increased Negro aciiVity in the armed forc·es and in defE;)r.:.s.e industries~

These and other instances show to what ext.cwt Japan, over a period of years,· haS _utilized niinority groups.

II How Jnpan Carried Out Racial Agitation (:'.ore Specificapy Negro Agitation) ir, the United States

a. Infiltration of Af,ents

The Tanaka Memorial contains a stateraent to the. effe,:t that Japan rs mo st important st81> in the peEi.cetime inva si6n of a cour.try was to send into the country (later to be conquered in open vm.rfare) thOusands of retired military officers who~ in the guise of some other occupation-, would carry on e spionag0_-, prO})[tgr.mda:, and any other subversive· activity 11ecossary .to .under ... mine the government, industry, and other interusts_ of the coun­try. Th0se men are officicl r0i0r~sentettivos of th:; Japm,ese GoVernment and opurnte, ··often ind~~ondentl~l of ouch other., urider orders· dir0ct .frorn Tol0JO·. Having beco:-i.e firmly e.ntrvnched in every phase oi' tho sot-up of the coun'try., thoy are in an excel­lent posicion to du.tact any w0uk points., to ,;dvise thu Foreign Office i2:1 Tokyo ncco!"dinglY:, arnl to ct~rry out tho ,visht?s of their govornmunt.

In this ·munn0r, the Negro minority problem in tho United

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st,stes was undoubtecUy cur&full,' studied by 'choso railitflry ngonts und by BlLck Drt.gOn '.Sociuty "G~·:1ployo..._:s 11 , ,a:nd sinc0 it £~.PP(J&r~,d. uxt:::-0m,·_;ly r,pplicc.blv tu subv,_,rsive activity, espe­cially in th.; o~rus of tha Black Diugofl So'Ci0ty, it is buli(;ved t... d~fi11it0 progr&I'.'~ wns lmu1chcd to ir1joct Jupane:s0 propugc.nC.& into the vt1ry· cunt..:ff of Hogro activit:r--thc l:":Jgro bq:i;t0rr:1unt ussocintioL.

b. _Exploitntion Of' Negro Butb.. . .-rmvnt Orgnnizstions

l •. Furposcs

The: so Noe;ro or0anizc.tions -rmr-., form.Jd to. (icit::J~c:~to thu ]'Te,gro, to ,__...nablo hil:.1 -f.~) stL...:Gd. OE. hif. ,:_r1,im f~_Js...:t iE ·c_ COUlJ.tt;y Yfho SU l)Op 1Jl&r L:i_on Vf[~ S .ffft:.' dOL'lirn:,ffGly Vthi tc, G1::.d tc .)LCOUri.<.[.;V

thu Iiiogro to t&k...::_ -::..dvt:~ritt~p;~; of all opportunitiur;, i'r.-:ir i~t0lluc-1;t;_u.l.t 1)(1 ll ticei ur.:.J sociai c.1.dvunccrf1ont; in,_ his o;rn corm;1lill.i ty •

. 2. Acti vi ti,; s

At th.,sv nu...,tin[:;s thv probl..:LJ.s of tho :·Jogrovs vto'uld ,b:6 .. discussud i1.:.Jividuully c.nd o..s c. ',:hole. Thes...:; i':icludod cou11tloss coGpl::;..ints of ,'lhitu discri:-::1iLi.[..tion i~1 on1plo;vn811t,

• ii:.. livirg conditio:ns 1 :c1-Lc. Th~ lu:::.J.0:rs of th6,s8 orgo.nizL..­tions :•wuld t:·1un ,tr;y to h..:,lp th,_, H0hro c.:rrCiciputv t...r1d fnc1::1 thosu obstuclur; c_r.;.d r~C tl:.·..J nr:u,J t:ir-1.e, ct,;ps ,.-,-0rc tc.kun by these, orgr .. nizc.,tio:as to ~-ppor,l to tfi.t·; Unit,:d st~tvs GovGrr .. racmt u,nd. :civil nutlior-itios to provide lL•.;s (wli,;re nuc:.:;s::r,.ry) ·,·vhuruby the 1-Jogro' s u_dv::.,~nc0:na:r1t_ ·,.rould b0 .pro·u..:c·t:0d c.nd cn­court~god.

Thi.s, thon, '.JflS tn0 s0t-up for thd ·injuc½;i;on of ,,,Jc.pnn(;.)s0 .:f)ro.J?o.in;1du. Jupnnos0 ugt:mts',told the }To.sroec t~1r~t

,,. they,,b.,Lc.:no··.sic)~:),:in j{uuriOn; th1.,t tl-uy. sJ.wuld sot up their .. .o-vm .. r;o~'Jrr-4,;q;nt ii1 A.fr:i.c[1; tfo.:~t th;_, ·wL.·it,.; µ0onl0 vmrv out to ·- · · d~r1inr~ tu ··,[;.11_cf' _sub_jUgL,.tu tµ;~- ~"!~)·Jr ou s; ·. tht:t i=;}1-:,,3r {'cho.uld uHi te:

r,~1.d ·tl'ro·--~· off' ·'t'i1.,., uJ·1; .1..:-. ··voi.,...,_, 1-1:;; --·~di·.....-.. - t· h·· J·· r··1,-.,.. · .,-hos" <- • .J. • - \·1 r_ -'- \J ,'" .1.. Vv J L>.'--' ~i., '--.J.. J.-'-0 · ,J c,p~l u· ou VO.c ·~

diytnc :~1isSi.ori l,h~/3 · tJ · ·1fbe'r~:.tt..:: t}10 'oolcr0.U rc.co-s of t~L­

uorld.. '.i:'hi·s z:.iid si·,Aii'1r ·Jt,pu-1t:S~ 1)ro_pc"~rtr~:r.:..clc .bo1.:;c-..n. to t~c1u .}i~~c1_'· I~1 th.u _cp;irsO _of: ti1;~(.J.,· ·nGgr,~ int~llocitu::·.11:--1.ivc..·ngv-l~ st~-'-· churct'~ .. Tu~:d~1· ::f., scho"J.:c.: 1,;. s., ·u1d otb,jr:· influqn bit.l. 1,Jo gro·:1 s,

.I.• ,~7}10 SU Oj_Ji1::.l6hS _1.rp"n/ r.:...,gci-dud -,.,-fth c~ gr'.)Lt der_.l of r._; spvct--·,,-_concvivud · ~1:.,.) i.du( .tJ-..c:.,t'r·J"Sf.r-cll0ss Of :ih..J--:1:..-...::r or·nut ·th,.~ i,1is­

sion of Ju~Kln':3 rup.iVs:.3:atuti"10-s··-i'n·'th..J TJhitvd Stet.JS ·_,·,Tso_ divine 01J..0, th....,ir philoso_pl1.y ln'1it0c.1 follou:.J.rs:, prustip.;,J rjid £:. ,:rauc..:h.ly-G ls.:vr~ to,;i _£-JO sit io~l in tht,ir cm:u.liUili ty. J~.t pt,n0 3d r.sGnt S wuru iJ.Jlc · to 0nc-ol1rGc;::; thJSv JJegro'-tl ·s to tfaku th:;·, lol~d in build-

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ing up thoir, orgc,nizt:tia1's, while thoy stopped out of tho pic­ture rend op0rntod thrsir "frontsir ,cs they would e- string of puppot S • Consequently'· orgr.,niz1'tio1is ,v0r·0 formud who So <eppc.r­ont cim wc~s lJegro ,_bottvrm.ont,_ but Yvhoso nctuc:Ll J?Urposo wr:,s the nobilizeti_on of Negro support through the dissomirn, tion of J[:pnnoso pro:rn~u.ndn. · ·

c. Finnncinl Backing From Jcpti.nvse Government

It r,,,s boun. intcrostin6 to note tlw.t ;ncny of the Jfogro lor:dors nnd tho ··Jnpti.rws·u linked witf'~ Mugro orgtiniz'.ltidr.:.s ho.v3 hnd ct.h w1usucl l...rnou:c.t of ri1oney to cLrry on tho ir work, [Uld ydt nmny of thusu. indi vi dun ls· hc~vu no knm-m' gc .. lnful or:1plo~.1,.,nt. ·rt· is buliuvod th.'.:.t -si.nce prv-,rious r0ports lwv0 ind;i.cc.tud t: ..

closu ·rolcticn1ship butwc()n I;ugro orgn.nizc,tions u.nd s011i-officia.l c.nd ·official ng::.n1cies of t-T.:-1.pc.n, -cJt0 ~:;cgro ngitation hr~s boon finr.ncud dir..Jctly r.a1d indiructl:1 b;t tl'ia Jc:p:~;,wsc Govurn::1~;nt .. Thu cxt~nt of this br.-.cki:1g iG not Y.no1.-r.::1. Hm,;c.vJr,_ c. n.u::-,1bcr of roporta.d inst,.nco s point· to Jc,ircr. r: s the sour co of su;:,ply--

. spucificdly, I.iiv.o DE GUZ!ii.ll (dins Dr • .Ashi,~n T.'JGS) stutc·d ho hnd finc.nciL .... l o..ssistr,nce fron Gn officiul (?f thu Jo..pnnGso GoYGrn­nont; !fake> N,'.fu . .l!E (r.lir,s Setokk TiJ'.,JL.SH!) sdd he hc,d boon s0nt by Jr~p,,;_n to unite tho Ne r;roo s o.nd ruportudly pi-.id DE GUZ}'.lJ.N [i curt~.:.in sum of :.1onuy to Orgc.cnizo the Pc~cific I.,Iov0l.1ont of the E,,sturn l[orld; Robert JORDJ'.li, or6nnizer of thc1 Ethiopil:.,i Pcicific Uovo1C1011t, nssurod DE r.UZlu~l! L1 1935 thr,t ho f,c.d th., ,1id and support of ihu Jr~pesno 30 Go+lur:rc1011t; Ycsuichi If!:JGD1·_,,- ·aho · ht;. s written nw:iorous Ltrticles for nugro coJ.1suI:1.pti:J11 nnd -vihO workod with JORD; .. iJ, is rvport0d··t·o hnve lH,ld con~octions 'idth the Jnpc:,ne so Consulu tG; thv JE,ptai Ins ti tuto ht.ts been. :::1entio110d fro-

. quontly in ro 6c.rd· to Rob0rt JORDdl' s ncti vi tio s m;ion6 the; ·Nogroe s i a.nd th0 Jt:pqnto se donSuliltu, NG'l.·Y York City,. roportc:d).y hut on file lettors and doCUIOUUtS rolr,ting _to tho C·legro problem in tho Unite.d s·b[.\ti:n;.'

d. Outi:,idu InflwJilcOs

An inportant tdCh.niquo uL~ploy0d by tli"~ Japanese in their ·_.task of subvoriing the ~Jegroc-,s ··;ms thv us;_; or:roruign po.nt.:.tra­

tion via Noxico and i::lw ',~{u st Indi8 s ,• }/IsxiCar:.S and 1r10 ~t Indians vrero obviously pickod to plar..t thu seed of ·p'I'o-Japai-;i8sc; influ­cnc0 ar,10ng th;:.; !Jogro6s • .Also, it is intor0sting to not,...: that the Ja_:_Ja119,su .in th0ir ufforts tC! disguise and to furthdr th:Jir activities amc111.; "thu ~!ugrous pursuad-:.;d I(or0ctns, Chinos0, Er:.st Indians, Filipinos, ,and oth0r ali0D ninoritics in thu 1Jj1itud Stat:J s to join. the various }\Jgro or r_;anizations ar.:-d. uvc .. L to carry on th0-ir YiTOrk as ropruScn.tativos und o~.ianciputors of thu color:.Jd ra.co s of tho world, '

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· III General History of Japano.s0 Influonco oi: Negroes in th6 United Status (1900-1913 to 1942)

In ord0r to pre sont a geheral idoa--and not a detailed picturo--of tho beginnirigs, growth, and spread of Japan0se influonce on the Negroes in tho United Stato s, the following history is moroly a rosumo of tho course taken by this influ­ence as it appears fror.i tho natorial on hand at this time.

a, Racial .Agitation on tho r,est Coast (1900-lS,l,S to 1918)

·Tho first J&p_anose to sottlo in tho United States_ carac to California in the lattur part of the 19th century. It is thorufore on the· wO ~-t Goa.st ·v:rher'c w0 focu·s our r.ttontion to dotormino thu first indication of Japano so inters st in the vml,­far0 of tho lJeg·roo s.

During tho period 1900-1915, the Japanos~ in Southern Cal·±fornia util:i.zud· ·thu i1.I:-;xicul1s ·1n racial_ r,gitation among tho l'JogrooS" by tr~tding on ('1) thu ·:-Ioxi<?uh' s pc.triotid dislike of tho Unitod Stat,i's; (2) tho mestizo hatrod of tho whito "gringo"; and (3) tho Ind:h,nisttt '1over.10nt (rac,, war of ·Indian full-bloods uguinst ·both ~.,.;fdtes_ and ·uesiizos) ~ A fevv L1oxi6a.ri loaders plotted to rouso the J,lexican popul'ation along tho Uni tod States sduthurn· border, to s6vr di snffec'tion· Ganong· the Sou thorn Megroe s und, ·by mduns of ·a 11Roconq'LI:oril1g Equitable Ar~_iy11

~ tq 'invndo Toxas. The purposG of the \mr w&s to r8join the wholo south­wost of th0 United States t~ Eoxico, ,mil, to cstnblish a bl£,ck rupublic in the Southern Statos~ Tho rac.i.n _issue·· nt stake wus appuruntly "rucE:i't; ulld the ruConqua,ring army "'!''lEJ.S t_o have been conpos0d of Lat"ins, Negroes·, un_d JapRrl0s6. Al.though this war never took place, nnd the hrI:i.~r· nov0r Lmrchod, _this o.cti vi ty was bait for Jr,panoso ,,ritcrs of that tii.w who pliyod upon 1!oxicc.n Indianista sontimont ,,nd pointad out thEJ physicnl nnd cultural sirnilaritios b0tw00n tho J'-ioxicun nntivu- ruco and them­solve s~

Evidently this c.gitation did not 1,w.tur~ ;i.nto any defi­nite Jnpanese·infiltrntion Etmong tli-:) 1'J0grocs qn-'ti1e West Coast; however, -tho ·Jc._pnneS\o from 'thiS tine on p(',rtiQip~lt<,Jd -in the rc.oial orgnnizati_ons which for,,1od to unite c:nd pr6t0ct the. vnrious uliGn ~inoriiies ngninSt ·wh:j.to discrininntion. IJoticG­ably active _in this fiold was Hugh ii';ncBETH, c. colored lawyer now livine; in Lo·s .mgolos, who cc.ne out frora the East Coast in e.bout 1909. !oncBETH had becm offured ,c position as Socrotary in thu ne1rlly-orge:.nizod Entional .As'.soci~tion for tho Advnncer:10nt of the Colored, but r0fusod this offer on tho lic,sis of his in­t(;rust in tho lMlfGr;_, of all p0oplo--r0gc:_rdloss of ro..cc or creed.

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b. Jo.punesu-Nogro Colluboration--Diruct Japnnos0 Influence

1. Marcus GilRVEY--1918

· Jape.hose propngundu first found its vmy into tho Negro botturr.icnt nssociution through the ,io st Indic,n, Marcus yARVEY, who orgusizod tho Univorsal Nugro Improvmaont Association in 1918,. GLRVEY, " British subj0ct. fror.1 Jar10.ica, who was intor­o stod in ir,1proving tho conditions. of ]!ogrou S ovorywhoru und in ostc.blishing " govorrmont for l!ogroes in Africn, roportcdly stntud "If thu Ai1orican Negro do~s not got his rights, tho r10xt m,r will bo botwcoun the ]Jegro and tho Vihi to mnn, ccnd with JLtpan to help tho Negro, thGy will win the wi:r,.,",· GARVEY 1 s onthusi& sr.i for the welfare of the l)e groe s and his assurances that he, had connections with Japan resulted in the for1,a,tion of nunerous branches of the U.H.I • ./' .• , which spread fror,1 ~Jm:r Yo.-k to the J.!iddle liestern cities.

2 •. J!ino DE GUZI.LUI (alias Dr. Ashi::m TAKIS)--Continua~ tion of G;,.RVEY 1 s Teachini:,;s--,1924

The next proponent of G;..RVc;Y' s philosophy appears to. - have been 1.a,.,o DE GUZL::AN, a Filipino, who, in 1924, spoke be­

fore· approxiLmtely .10,000 Negroes, at the headquarters of' tho u;H.r .J., in New York City. .i.t .. this r.1eeting, DE GUZI,r.,:.N. advo­cate-d CLRVEY' s proposal far a. free ca'Untry for .the Negroe.s, and stated that the Japanese would be vrilling to cooperate wi.th the colored to overthrow the whites, ,It is,:v<ary ,interest­ing to note hare. that DE GUZ!,;.~N utilized .a. very dir<:ict J.e.pano se influonco and, according to report, r;iade the .remark that at one time he was known to various officials of Japan and was roco.iv..:

·:ing financial assistance frou ono of thi,m in the United ·sta to s,

According to DE GUZJ.itH, the editor of a Japanese pap,or in Brazil, :Lir.,a TiJ,.i.D,., in 1925 gave a lecture befqre followers of tho U,N.I.L,, in which he statod that tho Linerican people

-would pay for the ;,ct which oxoluded Japanese fror.i the United Statos, and that with the holp of the, Japanese, the colorod peGplo would be able· to organize and build their own govern­r:10nt • .

3. G;JlVEY and DE GUZi'i.Llc (1924-1930) ·

Since orGanizations patt,Jrnod after i;he U ,!! • I,i., did spring up in the East and ),IidwGst fror,1 1924 to 1930,_ it is roaaonablo to assur.io they r:,sultod in pLtrt fro1~ th0 activities Qf Harcus G,.RVEY and !:limo DE GUZIL~N during thi·s poriod.

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b, Jo.pane se-!Jogro CollaborCltion--Direct Jc:panu sG Influenc0

1. Unrcus GilRVEY--1918

· Jape.nose propngandn first found its way into the Nogro buttarnont nssociution through tho 'dost Indian,. Marcus G,\.RVEY, lrho orgnnizud thB Univorsc.1 NUgro Iraprovouvnt Associr.tiOn in 1918, GARVEY, c. British subject, fron Jamnicn, who was. intor­ostod in inproving tho conditions of l!ogro0s overy7,horo ccnd in ostnblishing n govurnmont for !Jegroes in Africcc, roportodly -stutc,d "If tho )J:toricun Negro dops not got his rights, tho rwxt WP.r will bo between tho )Jegro and tho \'ihi to rum, ,md with Jnpur. to holp tho !Jegro, they will win the wr:r,,. 11 ,- GARVEY 1 s onthusfo sn for the welfare of the !Jegroes and his assurances that he- had connections with Japan resulted in the foniation of nur.1erou-s branches of the U.l!.I,A., which spread fron lien York to the Biddle ';Jestern cities,

2, l:iino DE GUZl:L\ll (alias Dr. Ashima TAKIS)--Continua­tion of GLT.?.V£Y 1 s Teachings--,1924

The next proponent of G;JcVJ::Y's philosophy appears to_ - have been i·.Iii.10 DE GUZLIJ~N 1 a Filipino, who., in 1924., sp~ke be­

fore approxiLiately .10,000 Negroes, at the headquarters of the U,H.'J,A, in New York City. At .. this r.iee,ting, DE GUZJ,L'.JJ advo.­cated GL.RV:CY' s proposal for a. freo country for ,the llogroes,

· a'nd stated that the Japanese would be willing to_ coopera-t;e with the cqloreci to overthrow _the whit<,s, ,It is,·very :interest­ing to note here. that DE GUZM.iJ'I utilized.a :vory .dir,;,ct Japanese influence and, according to report, raade .the _remark tha_t at one time he was known to varicius officials -of Japan and was rocoiv­

·ing financial assistance frou one of th<lm in the United States,

According to DE GUZHL!T, tho editor of a Japanese papwr in Brazil,: Lima T.iJUJJ,., in 1925 gave a lecture befqre followers of the U,ll,I.L,, in which he statod that tho Lrnorican peoplo

-would pay for ·the ;'.ct which excluded Japanese from _the United States, a.nd tha.t with, the help of the Ja.panose, the colored poGplo would be able·to organize and build their own govcrn­nent.

3, Gl.RVEY und DE GUZiJ,'.,;J (1G24-l930) ·

Sinco orGanizations puttdrn,,d after -che U,11,I,,'., did spring up in tho East and ;-Iidvm st fror:1 1924 to 1930,. it is roaaonable to assur.10 thoy rusultod in p,;rt fro1~ tho activities 0f l.!arcus G,JtVEY and J;Jimo DE GUZE.i,l-J during th-i<, poriQd,

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school of espionage and infiltration, the purpose of which wa.s to prepare .Am.Ar"ica. for a Japnne se invasion.., He stated trlfl-t Lhis organization trained its men as priests, teachtrs,

· and journalists to be scmt into th<J various democracios to fon1 a. united movement of .the dark-skinned people of the world, DE GUZJ,1,AN reportedly accepted !JJJ'.A!JE I s proposal and a fow hundred dollars and presumably set out :to organize the Hogroos in bolwlf of the Black Dragon Society,

6. NPSANE and DE GUZiiLUT Collaboration (1932-1934)

During this period l'AK.'JJE and DE G'JZllAE organized unU :rEJo.rganizod :tJcgro orc;aniz.ntions in th0 :.Iiddle Woste_rn citios., which included Chicugo., DetroitJ Indir.napol_is, _Gury., ir: Indiana, St. Louis, Springfield, in Illinois, Kansas City, Cleveland., PittsburghJ and ·ot!l0rs.

Tho two loaders, ill comp0.ny vrith one M. LIANG, re­ported to bo Chine so, begun ore;anizing the Paci.fie Movement of the Ea stern World in Chicago and Ea st Chicago;- Them HAKAJ.JE concentrated on tho Duvolopment of Our Own in Detroit and Chicago, while DE GUZIL\N imd LL'JJG orgur.izod tho Po.cific I.iovernent· of' ths E&S:torn ·;:rorld in Illinois, St ..• Louis, Ki:cnsas City, f;J:1d other sections of tho I:.Udvw st. Tho ti.m orga.~iz[._­tions .T,;E.;r,c,) pntternod uftor G.tillVEY 1 s u.1:r.I •. /~ ... , were .t.dentical in purpose;, rn:1d incorpor&tod Boorish principles (espocio.lly tho. Develop.."1ont of Our Cr,m in this last rospoct). DE GUZJ.:l,cl'T nnd IJ;.z.:;:J·JE f;_ppe.hlod to thv Nugroo s by -tcac;hi_ng t[lnt the lJegroes uru segroG&.ted1 disC:rinirw.tod c.ga.inst.,_ lynched, nnd exploited; that th0 world canno,t forcv0r .bo rulod by .one­fo.urth of its inhabitants, (whitus); the.t the .c~lorod focos pf tlm world will inovitably doninuto the ercrth; thc,t the lJogroo S n:r& ·,veuk .und unable ·to ullovic.te thuir situntion_.. but thnt tho Japanese ,:re atrong; thl,t Japan nill invado ,end con­quer tho United Str..tos, at Y.ihic!--1 time tho ultimo.to purpose of their orgcnizutions 1.v-ill be accoI'lplished; nnd t_h,:Lt .Ner;roos would b0 givcm Governmunt jobs in tho Jnpnncso Govorrnnont of tho United States. In one of his spoochos, l"i,KJJJE specified

:_thrco ·stops by vvhich Jc.pc.n's r::dssion- no.s ·to bo.·fulfilled: namely, to liburu..to }.IunchuriG., then t:.l:rer:tdy o..cc.or::iplishod; to unito Jc.pc,n, Hnnchukuo and China into ono blcc; and to b~c.utify the world bJ' o:ciancipc, ting all tho colored rec cos from oppro ssion. DE GUZLL'JJ c..nd l~"'·Jc .. SE 0ngcgod Hindus, Jmno.icuns,_, I:loslons, Uoxi­cnns, Chino s0, n11:d Jc..pnnv so to ~1ddru ss their meetings; nnd plans worv d;i.scussed: for colonizuticn in M;.mchuric:._, Bra.Zil, r:nd the .Gold Const., l'Jhoro, it ~1'fO.$· sto.tod the Negrq.:::s could be tr~-J~tod us ·equals., get bettor jobs, and evon marry Japanese '-lmr.1:1.:1n.

Hovmver, in ardor thnt tho .Jiopanoso aid thq IJegro, ·the iJogro .v~ould hnve t·o.:assist Jnpm1 in every WDY and fight the whitos.

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The so orgnnizutions spreed, o.nd their re spoctive branches cc.rried on Japm:iose-inspired ugit,ction mnong the Fogroes, but u:o.dur· e.ssumed no.nes for 'purposes of disguise. FGlr eimnplo·, tho Now. Triumph Chui:-ch, in Pittsburgh, the United Negro I11prov0nont i,ssoci11tion, in Pittsburgh and KnnsE;.s City, nnd the_ Onwi:.rd .Movenent of Ar:tericn., in Detroit, were identical in purpose and le,cdorship to the p,ccific ;Kovo­nent of thu E,,stcrn r{orld e,nd the Development of Our Own,

According to DE GUZJ,Wl, r,ftur working with each othur for ti.vo yonrs, he c~ntl UiiltAl'ill hnd Ll. disr:grGom0nt and dt",oidod to pursue thoir ovm rospectivt:: courses of Negro orgnnizing. DE GUZI:I).K hri.d nssU11od n Japnno so c1.lic.s., Ashim.u T.t .. KIS, in ord0r to poso os a JllP,J'lOSc; c,nd after thoir sopr.n,tion, fAKAHE and h,is nssocinto s nttor:1.p,t0d to · di.srupt DE •GUZF .. A.r' s T~ogro ·gctthor­ings by expo.sing hh1 r, s Ct Filipino.

7. Janunoso Influouce in tho Midwest undor lU'J'JiJ~E (19.34-1939)

NA!v~!IB I s work ,dth tho lJogroos during this period in~ volvod hira in tho Pc,cific Eovcrnent of the Eastern World, the l)O.voloprn.wnt of Our Q1-,'T1 nnd tho i,Toorish-nur.1od orgrinizntions, 0:nd evori led to hi ES i·,tr\rryinE c Noc,rG ss in Detr·oit in order to .o.ffsct nny f00ling of rc.cinl disciiminL.tion betvmon Jupunese cind l!ogroes c:nd.therqby to gain more pr0stig0, In 1934, ho was .deport09, reportedly snilc,d for Japr,n, and returned four months le.tor. ·with $2000 in his pockot, While serving his sen­tence in juil ( 1939-1941), he wCts visited by at lee .. st one promir,ont ,Jnpc,1,oso ond !\Skod for by ;,!ujor Itizi SUGITA, ,ct one .. time /,ssistant l!ilit!\ry Att8.che to tho United States, who nude n tour of the UnHed Statos in 1941, SUGIT,~ Is importnnce cc,nnot be enphusized. too strongly,· for ho is. reported to hr.ve

. bOOJ;l Chief 6£' the ,ir.1eric,m section of the Jape.nose General ·Staff, which woi:ild. iµf')r that ho was chflrged with the r,1'0.n11ge-uent ·of ·Jnpunese 1iilit,lr:y: .Intelligence· in tho United Stntss, It is in tore sting t~ not0; in. re vi owing the scope of the ncti v­itio s of· 1/;'J'.,~l!E nnd DE GVZ'.LT, thr.t llLK,JlE r.ppr,rontly limited hi.s work to tho l\!;iddlo Yiost,,whilo DE GUZlk,1 worked in the 1',Uddlo \l'fu st, Ee. st. and Sou.th..·. -

6, D~: GUZI-t'Jl c.rnl, ,JORD;./J {l934-1941)

Pursup.nt to hi's rift with !L.KiJIB, DE GUZJL'J: allogodly · .wont to no,. York City, nnd in conpe:my wit}i Robert JORDLN, n·

Jnrmican, _-forri1c~,d o: brunch of _the_· P:t.cific 1-.lovenient of thEl ' Bnstc!'ri Y/orld, ,v;hioh WU$ lrrtcr known cs the Ethiopir.r! )2r.cific

l.)b.vem0nt I Ba GUZli,Ji linid ha hr st lno't .tORi.J:/JI ·'lh~'ti ho ifi]ij dbZt!iJ,j vrk:Ji dp~nleiilg iiercir~ [l iheo,~inf of tile tJ,N~t;A~ in }!~:,,

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York City, Lpparcntly, JORDi,H, who ·,ms cmxious to continue the vmrk of GI.RVEY, suggested that thoy work together, JORDJJ;, -who mot Pra11i0r TOJO when t, scnaan nboGrd a Jo.pc.nose raer chant ship, is snid to h1cve nssurod DE GUZLif.N of Jnpcnese connections c.nd support. This portnorship, however, lasted only u short while. JORDI.11 continued as· heLcd of the orGunization, but DE GUZE.i.N left JORDAN in order to work on his ovm.

JORDIJJ increased his activities nnd thouGh mnintccining his headqunrtur s in ]lew York, formed u brcnch· in Chicr.c;o c.nd probably others els0whore. DE GUZlL'.N durinG this period traveled n great dGc.l, speaking hero nnd there ·to colored groups cmd attending meetings of tho Dovolopmcnt of dur O',m, tloo Pe .. cific t:ovcmon·t of tho En ster:a Vfor ld, c.nd tho b .1;. I •. L. In 1941, JORD:.11 and DE GUZlt,H ,not ooch other in Now York, cct which timo JO'lD,J·J propo s0d thr.t thoy work toecthor nguin. JORDLr sho·,."Cjd DE GUZlL'JJ (ncoording to DE GUZI.L':JJ' s stntc-i:1.ont) nw:wrous lotter s f~or.1 Jo.po.no so c.nd one fron tho Jo.pane- so Consulf,tc, which supportud his clc_im thc,t he hnd conrcootions with tho Jnpano su Govorn.r.i.ont.

,~s hns been dascribod, Jupnnosa influence seems to hnvo been co.rried on and s:i;irobd by iJCbro lo&ders c.nd J~.pc.nosB agents through the lJegro b0tt0rL1ont cssocio.tio:is. Ori[;inc.tir,.t; with Mnrcus G~'..RVEY in tho .U.N,I •. i ... i'iOveuont, tho Jc.po.nose t]:lrend wr.s tP.kou up by DE GUZLL'J,,, roinforcod by 1,;_iLJJE in 1932, and curried on betwoon 1932 nnd 1942 by tho throe kno,m Ju pane so r~gor .. ts..:.-DE GUZ1-1L_N, N..:"J:/,.NE, nnd JORDL.n. Negro loaders huv0 boen vory powerful and nppnrently hrcvB r;ssm1od · full control of the vnrious organizuti6ns r.1entioncd. Hovl'"ever, their activities wore not considerod worthy of· nontion ut this time; in view of liuiting this study to tho history of tho source of Jepunose propnr;nndc. which hns permootc,d the Nagro orgc,nizutions in the United States,

c. Currant Lcti vi tio s--Bringinc Jnpane se J.,c~i vity Among Tho Negroes Up~to-dute

1. No st Con st

On the lTost Coe.st, Hugh ]icccBI:TH' s c.ctivities among the rnciri.1 eroups resultod in tho foundntion of the Culiforniu Rnc0 Relations Cor:unittoo o.nd its sovartcl brr.nchos. !Io c.nd ,_ Jnpunoso nornb<Jr of tho Culifornic. Re.cc Rulc:t:ions Corunittoo, Soi FUJII, hav0 bcun rocontly ncti vu in criticizing the wothods of ovucuc..tiug tho Jc.po.nuSCi frora thu -:.7ost Const. Furthur evi­dence of Jnpnnose-Uogro activity or .. this Coast is shorm in certnin Negro ri3ligious organizntions ruportod t9 hr.:.v:i J['.pnno s0

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sy;.1pnthias, in tho efforts on tho pLrt of the rosidDnt J[.:.po.nusc to ?LCourubE; fricmdly rulc.tions vd th tho Ne_-;roc s ( this h£·. s do­cr0::d:>e.f·coi1S±don.J)l;y since tLo 0V,,ountio:i.1 of· Jcpr~:·10 so .and tho socuri:-1g o·f Go'Od dui'onso jobs by the f\'~r;rqos), ::-:.nd in. the for~i1c.­t;i.011 of -brnnches of tho P~cific- r:ovemo::.1.t o.f· tho Ec.sto:rn_',7iorld i~ oCT'tr.in c~.:li.Lor;:1i1::. to~,ms. , LctuLlly, grqntt;r intonsi ty of the

· J[·pnr:-.csc-No1~ro r:..citf"":tion i-s still to be fouhd: in,tho industrinl r:nd defonss ctntu"r s o.f tJ:-w E::. Rt c.nd i.~iddlo Yfo St'.

2. Eo.st Const, .r~iddlu Tjust ind South

Qn tlw Er,.st Co::·st r:nd i? l:.h_o Jcli_ddl_e Uo 2t, tho DGvelop­ucnt of Our o~,.m, Pncific llov(.:dunt of tllr._; Ecsti:=...:rn \'Jorld, tho fam Eoo'ri sh o.Tgnniz-c.tionz (r.foori sh. s·cto11co Tu:1plc c.r::.d the 1ktion ·or- ?sl~~n) uith thu-ir ,:ffiiiC:tioru-,, ·the Ethiopic.n Pr~cific aovomont rlnd t}:lo ·u.n.L.. ... '-•J! ·-c,_ppot:ff to b'._', the r,1ost cctivv. sourCos of Jnpo.nese propc..G::-,n.dn~ :tt i~ boli<--'ved thct sir.:.co i:.:11 c.rc r.ior0 or less chnrr .. ct0rizod by tho G.LRVEY 1J.1J.I • .1· .... c.nci' ~.foorish puttorn t.crid ho.vc now intcr.:.,sified tL.cir subvorsivu "c1.ctivitius-.by.c.dvocc.t­i:.1g non-ru;_;istrett.ion for S·..:.l-3ctiv::,; S-,;rvicoJ etc., thoy arc

: :p:i:--o~c.blj_ lnt,.__,r-r·.;lc.t-::.,d .nnd. 0~1u in purposo. rrcshin.gton, D.C.., PittsbUrf-~h, }Je-;.' Yorl{, ILdic.n:::~:Jolis, Cl(:-,.rul,·.nd., Chic~~go, Detroit,

. _S~ ... - ·LoU_ig_; KrmS:.S City, -~.nd .Cincin1wti, s--,01;1. to bu the.:: kuy cvn­torS._fo_t' tµ.is,, or_c;t,Yliz~.id 1T:Jt,;ro cctivity.

Jc,pr.nc.;-so influuuc-::..: h~'. :1 und.oubt--.;dl~r pcnotr':.ltC;d thu Nugrocs in the Squth,. This is ov--ido11Cod. by tho disSEJLlin[~tion of Jt~pc.neso propr.q;utidC, QrJong -t;h~ .nulJroo_s by curtLin i~dividuuls ns E.L. BRo.J·..sTERJI who hns stronblY. dO.llOU.."1.CGtl C.rnft r'.Jt1,;istr:1.tion for DOl!l­burs of,l_1is ore;:::Qizntion., end Dy· sU.ch orgunizntions l~D Juhovr:h 1 s 1·iitrwssos cnd···thG Int,;,;.-rnc·,tionc~l R0nseU~·t1bled Church of tho Frt.1c­doi1 Lepsue, Iri.c. , Em,wvoT', thu · Jr:pfanc/se· orgnnizurs mentioned nbo-vo {DE GUZi:L.J-!, dtc.) ,;,pp1,rc11tly did not push tho Gstnblish­nont of thuir ort;r,nizr.1.tions in thu South., but focusvd thvir nttGntio~t ptiur~rily on t.hv ·industrir,l "citi:3s Gn'.l sno.11 toi;rr"s of thu Bt..st ::_::-id :fidwest. Noc-:;ro Lcitc.tion in th-~; South hc~s recently bocoriie_ raor:J pronouncod LEd of [~ 1,10_ro violunt r.:.[..turv--prtrticu­lurly in Norfolk r.nd I-Ttf'i.r o~lor,:ns. Iu somo ce:.sos, this unrest hns bc:on r~-,::;tribut,.;:,Q to Jo.pr,l10su ir~.riuo11ca_, but not· t.:lS a c;uneral rule. Th0r1 .foru} ns·.it_.r~pp4,~ .. rs tod~.y, tho South, v1hilu suCjoC­tcU to th0 1..riduspr::;i::;_C~ Jr:,pt,,1101:;,; ·ii::.f+uGnCu ",vl·,icih J..1l\'.{ hr.vc origi­nnted in thu lJorth rc1.H1 r~idr[l_: st.j i,s ·still 1.iot inclw:l1Jd in tho not1'.rork of or[tc.niz.:.::·i J.·t~Jc.noso-;:c1Jro t:1X~)loit~_.tio11.,

Tho u.11.r.~· .• in J::2.1cic_.;, is r-.::i .[,ctivc..: · c-.';nt.o~ for Jnpen0.s0 propcgc.ndc. ~-a.10nt; t}70 ~T0 st I~1dirTlS rct _the' pru·svffb ;tinG, [~12d is r.ow 011:_;[:i;cd in r0inc.:::~rnc.-tinc J:::;.ious 'a'..:'..RVEY ·C'_nd 1-.i ::--; "BG ck to Africr~'' Tciiovonont.

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Cortnin rOligious orgt"Jnizutions,· socinl welfr,.re soci­eties, and the I:.Iurch on Yir,shinr;ton 1Iov0Hcnt hr.vc. nl so been lirJcod with Japane so-inspired subvor si vc, activity, lJhothor they fall under tho scope of the ebove-mentionod Je;pu10s0 or 1jnnizors is not kno\m. It is possible, hovrevcr, thnt rnoro inforr:mtion ns to tho source of the present 1:cctivity among tho l!egroes would bo revenled by n more careful study of such individuals nnd organizations us tho follo-rdng: :-Jiko I:IASAOKA, Nntionr,l Secretory of the Japnne se Americen Citizens I Leo.:;uo, whose intore st in the wolfrre ,,nd wecrtino adjustment of re si­dont citizenR of Jupnnose nncostry is t:.ppnrantly responsible for his nw:terous loctures und 0xtensivo tro.veling; lJnlker HATHESOll and J ,H, Sl.!YTHE, propacandists unplayed by the Japanoso Consulate General, Now York City, who have written nany articles for Negro publications, and whose efforts in this direction were to have boon utilizod by the Japanese Goverru:10nt in ardor to arouse 1-Je~ro opinion; the r.11111y critics of tho Uni tod States Gov0rnmont rs evfacuation pro£;raia; the Japanese .hl.1crican Courriittoo far D1::;r.1ocrncy,_ whose present nom­borship includes DGnbors of the fore.tor Tczr.i Club, a semi­official., nu.tionnlistic Sapnnus8 organiza·~ion; and tho Japanose Consulate Genoral, Hoiv York City, whoso affuirs nro novv hnndlod by tho S;mnish Gonsulnts, Now York City.

IV Con cl us ion

Inasmuch as the initial purpose of this study wus to trace tho history of tho source of tho Jc.pane so influor:ce upon the Hogroos in the Unitod Stc:tos., no uttor:1pt h&s be:.)n mado to include the activities of thu mu,1y known pro-Japanese (or Jnpnno so) Negro lGLdor s or orgunizutions ro sponsible for sub~ vursivo uctivity nmong Her;roes und the dissemination of Jnpnne so propnr;nnck. Tho in::li vidunl s iil.entionod wOrG 11 orgnn­izors'1, nnd LS such exercised control over many Uegro leaders. It is ror.soncble to assume thnt these ''orgcnizers'', nll of whor.1 c-_re now in custody, mnintr:.ined n stnff of nssocint0s, who have since tuk:on thvir places in tho organizational field. Likewise., only those or1;0.nizntions 1rvhich nppenrad to hc.vo u definite pli:.:..c0 in tho dovulopmEJnt of tho Jupc.n0se cgi tction a110ng Nogroo s i.·mro considered 1dorthy of inclusion.

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From: To:

CO!IFIDEHTIAL

NAVY DEPlJl.TlciENT Office of the Chief of l!ctvnl Operations

TTu shington

October 22, 1942

The Vic8 Chief of !J,cvc.1 Opcrs.tions. Tho Distribution List.J.ppcnded.

Subject: Rcsumo of Jr,.pnnese Influonco on the Necross in the United States.

Enclosure: (A) Copy of subject ropo·rt.

l. Enclosure- (/1.) hus boon prepo.recl by the Office of Nc,val Intelli:;onco, from studios and resuarchos nncle by it nnd is tr[lllSL1ittod t;or your infor1,mtion.

2. It is to be noted thn t this pro sont report ondcn1;rors pnrticulnrly to covur in briuf' forr,1 the bc;ckground and extent of Jecpeno so inflw.mco maong .t':..":1.0fiC~:.n Noi:;rous. It is intended thnt in tho .~eo..r future it ,,;-rill bo sup::_Jl~mentud. b;y r:.. more com ... piehe:nsi vc report on tho per sonnli ti0 s und or f?·~nizc.­tions involved.

Distribution:

List X (r), loss 16ND (2)

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J. B. l,~j. "':lnller, By diruction.

Fcderr,l Bur·3au of Inve stir;r,tion ( 2) J,!ilitccry Int01ligonco Service (2)

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