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1.20 Theoretical Probability.notebook 1 February 18, 2020 Theoretical Probability MHR Page 24 #s 1 10 Warm Up Discuss with the person next to you and be prepared to share your answers.

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Page 1: 1.20 Theoretical Probability.notebook - Weebly · 2020. 2. 18. · 1.20 Theoretical Probability.notebook 3 February 18, 2020 Instead of using a sample space diagram you can also use

1.20 Theoretical Probability.notebook

1

February 18, 2020

Theoretical Probability

MHR Page 24 #s 1 ­ 10

Warm Up

Discuss with the person next to you and be prepared to share your answers.

Page 2: 1.20 Theoretical Probability.notebook - Weebly · 2020. 2. 18. · 1.20 Theoretical Probability.notebook 3 February 18, 2020 Instead of using a sample space diagram you can also use

1.20 Theoretical Probability.notebook

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February 18, 2020

DefinitionsTheoretical probability• Probability based on analysis of all possible outcomes• Also called classical probability

Sample Space• Collection of all possible outcomes• Sometimes called a sample set

Event• Set of outcomes that have a common characteristic

Complement• Set of outcomes not included in an event

Odds in Favour• Ratio of the probability that an event will happen to the probability that it will not

Odds Against• Ratio of the probability that an event will not happen to the probability that it will

Page 3: 1.20 Theoretical Probability.notebook - Weebly · 2020. 2. 18. · 1.20 Theoretical Probability.notebook 3 February 18, 2020 Instead of using a sample space diagram you can also use

1.20 Theoretical Probability.notebook

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February 18, 2020

Instead of using a sample space diagram you can also use a tree diagram or Venn diagram to help organise the outcomes. You can also use set notation (similar to domain and range).

For example trying to find the probability of rolling an even number on a die...

Page 4: 1.20 Theoretical Probability.notebook - Weebly · 2020. 2. 18. · 1.20 Theoretical Probability.notebook 3 February 18, 2020 Instead of using a sample space diagram you can also use

1.20 Theoretical Probability.notebook

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February 18, 2020

Sometimes you need to know the probability that one event happens compared to all others. If one event is A then event A' (A prime) is all the possible outcomes not in A. This is also known as the complement of A. Because the sum of all probabilities in a sample space must equal one, there is a useful relationship between P(A) and P(A').

Page 5: 1.20 Theoretical Probability.notebook - Weebly · 2020. 2. 18. · 1.20 Theoretical Probability.notebook 3 February 18, 2020 Instead of using a sample space diagram you can also use

1.20 Theoretical Probability.notebook

5

February 18, 2020

Page 6: 1.20 Theoretical Probability.notebook - Weebly · 2020. 2. 18. · 1.20 Theoretical Probability.notebook 3 February 18, 2020 Instead of using a sample space diagram you can also use

1.20 Theoretical Probability.notebook

6

February 18, 2020

Page 7: 1.20 Theoretical Probability.notebook - Weebly · 2020. 2. 18. · 1.20 Theoretical Probability.notebook 3 February 18, 2020 Instead of using a sample space diagram you can also use

1.20 Theoretical Probability.notebook

7

February 18, 2020

Page 8: 1.20 Theoretical Probability.notebook - Weebly · 2020. 2. 18. · 1.20 Theoretical Probability.notebook 3 February 18, 2020 Instead of using a sample space diagram you can also use

1.20 Theoretical Probability.notebook

8

February 18, 2020

a) The set of all possible outcomes is the sample space. An event is a set of outcomes in the sample space that have a common characteristic. Then, the probability of an event A happening is the number of outcomes in that subset divided by the total number of outcomes in the sample space.

SA

1

4

6

8

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235

71113 17

1912 1416

18

20

S = {1 ­ 20} A = {Prime < 20}

P(A) = = = 820

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n(A)n(S)

b)

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a) The complement of an event is the set of possible outcomes not included in an event.

b) The weather forecast is predicting rain this afternoon. It says there is a 70% chance. What is the probability of it not raining this afternoon?

P(R') = 1 ­ P(R)P(R') = 1 ­ 0.70P(R') = 0.30P(R') = 30%

Page 9: 1.20 Theoretical Probability.notebook - Weebly · 2020. 2. 18. · 1.20 Theoretical Probability.notebook 3 February 18, 2020 Instead of using a sample space diagram you can also use

1.20 Theoretical Probability.notebook

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February 18, 2020

a) Odds in favour of an event is a ratio of the probability that an event will happen to the probability that it will not happen.

b) Odds against an event is a ratio of the probability that an event will not happen to the probability that it will happen.

c) They are similar in that they use the same probabilities. They are different in that the order is important.

HomeworkMHR Page 24 #s 1 ­ 10