122524788 smoking cessation

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STOP SMOKING! START THINKING!

Smoking is a practice in which a substance, most commonly tobacco or cannabis, is burned andthe smoke is tasted or inhaled. This is primarily practiced as a route of

administration for recreational drug use, as combustion releases the active substances in drugs

such as nicotine and makes them available for absorption through the lungs. It can also be done

as a part of rituals, to induce trances and spiritual enlightenment.

FORMS OF SMOKING:

Beedis

Cigarettes

Pipes

Cheroots

Chuttas

Reverse smoking

Dhumti

Hooklis

Chullium

Hookah

ILL EFFECTS OF SMOKING:

Many health groups are continuously reminding people about the harmful effects of smoking

on the body, aside from the fact that it is habit forming. Once these effects set in, they may be

hard to treat, some are even irreversible. Health risks from smoking begin as soon as the

person starts smoking. Toxic ingredients in cigarette smoke travel throughout the body, causing

damage in several different ways.

SHORT TERM EFFECTS:

Increased blood pressure

Increased heart rate

Narrowing of the arteries

Reduced amount of oxygen the blood can carry
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Carbon monoxide levels in the blood rise

Creates an imbalance in the demand for oxygen by the cells

LONG TERM EFFECTS:

cancer

Lung diseases

Heart disease

Cardiovascular diseases

Stroke

Osteoporosis and weakened bones

Circulatory problems

Ulcers

Premature aging

Damage to the fetus

Low sperm count and impotence Spontaneous abortion (miscarriage)

Decreased lung function

Bronchitis

Infections

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

DO YOU KNOW??????????There are over 4,000 chemicals in cigarettes. 51 of them are known to becarcinogenic.


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REASONS WHICH PEOPLE SAY FOR SMOKING:

Coping with anger, stress, anxiety, tiredness, or sadness Smoking is pleasant and relaxing Smoking is stimulating Acceptance being part of a group

As a way to socialize Provides support when things go wrong A way to look confident and in control Keeps weight down Rebellion defining self as different or unique from a group A reminder to breathe Something to do with your mouth and hands Shutting out stimuli from the outside world Shutting out emotions from the inside world Something to do just for you and nobody else A way to shift gears or changes states An way to feel confident

A way to shut off distressing feelings A way to deal with stress or anxiety A way to get attention

CYCLE OF ADDICTION:

NICOTINE is the chemical that makes cigarette smoking addictive. It is an alkaloid that

constitutes approximately 0.63.0% of the dry weight of tobacco, with biosynthesis taking place

in the roots and accumulation occurring in the leaves. It functions as a chemical with particular

specificity to insects; therefore nicotine was widely used as an insecticide in the past.

In low concentrations (an average cigarette yields about 1 mg of absorbed nicotine), the

substance acts as a stimulant in mammals and is the main factor responsible for thedependence-forming properties of tobacco smoking. According to the American Heart

Association, nicotine addiction has historically been one of the hardest addictions to break. It is

just as addictive as heroin or cocaine. Smoking is a habit that is not easily stopped. The body

and mind want and need the nicotine.
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THUS IF A PERSON SMOKES MORE THAN FIVECIGARETTES A DAY, HE/SHE IS USUALLY ADDICTED.

WHAT IS NICOTINE WITHDRAWL SYMPTOMS?

When smoking has ceased, the reduced nicotine intake will disturb the balance of the

central nervous system, causing the withdrawal symptoms to occur. Common symptoms that

include: intense craving; anxiety, tension, restlessness; frustration, impatience; difficulty

concentrating; headaches; increase appetite and weight gain; low mood; insomnia andtiredness; many studies have found a link between depression and smoking.


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START THINKING!!!

Going smoke free is the one single thing you can do to dramatically increase yourchances of living a longer and healthier life. Once you stop smoking your body will beginto heal within 20 minutes.

QUITTING TOOLS:

Smoking tobacco is both a psychological habit and a physical addiction. The act of smoking is

ingrained as a daily ritual and, at the same time, the nicotine from cigarettes provides a

temporary, and addictive, high. Eliminating that regular fix of nicotine will cause your body to

experience physical withdrawal symptoms and cravings. To successfully quit smoking, youll

need to address both the habit and the addiction by changing your behavior and dealing with

nicotine withdrawal symptoms. Ways of quitting are:

TOBACCO CESSATION COUNSELING

NICOTINE REPLACEMENT THERAPIES{NRT}


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PHARMACOLOGICAL METHODS

OTHERS TREATMENT MODALITIES

1. TOBACCO CESSATION COUNSELING:

Its a behavioral approach of smoking cessation.

WHO in collaboration with the Government identified 13 Tobacco cessation centers in 2002 indiverse settings (cancer treatment centres, psychiatric centres, medical colleges and NGOs) tohelp people to stop tobacco use. Most of these clinics were started on the 31 st of May, 2002 onthe occasion of World No Tobacco Day.A

The trained investigators have established centres at various centres and the WHO supportsthe staff and infrastructure. Each centre has a medical officer, clinical psychologists andmedical social workers. Information about the subject is collected on a structured clinical

record form. In addition, the software for a standardized patients intake form was developed toensure uniformity in data collation across the country.

It is a 5A method counseling given by trained health care professionals.

ASK Ask about tobacco use status at every visit Document tobacco use status

ADVICE Provide clear advice to quit Discuss health benefits of quitting Discuss health risks of smoking

ASSESS Assess willingness to quit smoking Refer to guideline for counseling, 1-800-QUIT-NOW Provide motivational intervention The 5 Rs

ASSIST Provide educational and self-help materials Set a quit date and develop a quit plan Discuss triggers and coping strategies

Provide support and help

ARRANGEArrange (Follow-Up) Contact on or near quit date Follow-up at next visit, by phone, or by letter


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2. NICOTINE REPLACEMENT THERAPY (NRT):

Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is the name given to stop-smoking medicines that release

nicotine into the bloodstream to help counter cravings and reduce other withdrawal symptoms

when you quit (nausea, headaches, irritability, dizziness). These products don't give you the

same sort of buzz as you get from cigarettes, but they do reduce cravings. NRT isn't meant to

replace smoking, but to slowly wean you off nicotine.

FIVE NICOTINE REPLACEMENT PRODUCTS FOR SMOKING

CESSATION

- NICOTINE GUM is a substance that slowly releases nicotine when chewed or placed in

between the cheek and gum. The gum gives you much lower amount of nicotine than a

cigarette, at the same time decreasing your cravings for cigarettes. The amount and frequency

of gum you need to use varies from brand to brand. Nicotine gum is not for everyone.

- NICOTINE PATCHES are self-adhesive strips that contain nicotine. You have to apply one

patch a day to your skin, which should be clean, non-hairy and dry. The patch releases small

quantities of nicotine that is absorbed into your bloodstream through your skin. Put on the patch

in the morning and take it off before sleeping otherwise it can hamper your sleep. At first, you

might need to use the highest strength - 21 mg. This is the typical dose if you were smoking 20cigarettes a day. The two common side-effects with nicotine patches are local skin irritation and

sleep disturbance. Hydrocortisone cream can ease skin irritation. Sleep disturbance usually

happens in people who use the patch for 24 hours, so use the patch for 16 hours only.

- NICOTINE LOZENGES are hard candies which dissolve and slowly release nicotine into the

mouth. Each lozenge last for about half an hour. Generally, you can use about nine lozenges a

day during the first six weeks and then begin tapering off. Do not use lozenges beyond three

months. The common side effects with lozenges are soreness of gums, throat irritation and

stomach upset. Just like the side-effects of other nicotine replacement products, these side-

effects do not last long.

- NICOTINE NASAL SPRAY is a spray pump containing nicotine in an aerosolized form. The

smoker sprays it into their nostrils and the nicotine is quickly absorbed into the nasal

membranes. Unlike other replacement products, nicotine is absorbed very fast by this mode.

The typical dose of nicotine nasal spray is 5 times each hour or 40 times per day. Generally,

you need to use your initial dose for a period for 8 weeks and then start to taper off over 4 to 6


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weeks. The common side effects include nose and throat irritation, cough, sneezing, watery

eyes. Most of these side effects disappear after 7 to 14 days.

- THE NICOTINE INHALER OR "THE PUFFER" comprises of a slender plastic cartridge

containing a porous nicotine plug. When you puff on to the cartridge, nicotine vapors are

absorbed via the lining of the mouth. A single cartridge can yield 400 nicotine vapor puffs. Thevaporized nicotine will make its way into your throat. During the first 3 months of its use, you can

use 6 to 16 cartridges a day and then begin reducing the number during the next 6 to 12 weeks.

The advantage of an inhaler is that it matches the behavioral aspects of smoking. The side

effects are irritation of the mouth's lining, runny nose, coughs and digestive problems.

3. PHARMACOLOGICAL METHOD:

ZYBAN (150mg tablets) (bupropion hydrochloride):

Zyban is a prescription medicine to help you stop smoking. Studies have shown

that a significant number of people managed to remain smoke-free for at least 6 months

while taking Zyban. For many patients, Zyban reduces withdrawal symptoms and the

urge to smoke. This medicine is only one part of a general plan to help you manage

your smoking habit. Zyban reduces the craving for smoking and so helps you to stop

smoking. Its exact mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it is believed that it

interacts with chemicals in the brain called noradrenaline and dopamine, which are

associated with craving and withdrawal.

Nortryptiline (antidepressant)

Clonidine

Buspirone (anxiolytic)

4. OTHER TREATMENT MODALITIES:

AROMATHERAPY:

A 2006 book reviewing the scientific literature on aromatherapyidentified only one study

on smoking cessation and aromatherapy; the study concerned black pepper oil.

HYPNOSIS:

Clinical trials studying hypnosis and hypnotherapy as a method for smoking cessation

have been inconclusive, however, a randomized trial published in 2008 found that hypnosisand nicotine patches "compares favorably" with standard behavioral counseling and nicotine

patches in 12-month quit rates.

HERBS:

Many herbs have been studied as a method for smoking cessation

including LOBELIA AND ST JOHN'S WORT. St. John's Wort is effective at treating mild to

moderate depression and shares biosimilar properties to the FDA approved drug bupropion,


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sold under the brand name Zyban, approved for smoking cessation. The results of the study

were inconclusive but St. Johns Wort showed few adverse events. Lobelia has been used to

treat respiratory diseases like asthma and bronchitis, and has been used for smoking

cessation because of chemical similarities to tobacco, but lobelia is now listed in the FDA's

Poisonous Plant Database. Lobelia can still be found in many products sold for smoking

cessation and should be used with caution, although there are effective herbal smokingcessation aids that do not contain lobelia.

COLD TURKEY:

Itdescribes the actions of a person who abruptly gives up a habit or addiction rather

than gradually easing the process through gradual reduction or by using

replacement medication. The supposed advantage is that by not actively using

supplemental methods, the person avoids thinking about the habit and its temptation, and

avoids further feeding the chemical addiction.

EAR CLIPS ( ACUPUNCTURE AURICULOTHERAPY):

There are various ways of doing auriculotherapy, for example some therapists usecold

laserto stimulate the points, whereas others use the very thin traditional acupuncture

needles. Still others use low voltage TENS machines to activate the points that will help you

to give up smoking. The therapist will take your pulses, and details of your medical history

and your smoking history. Then they will gently stimulate certain acupuncture points in the

ear, to help you to release yournicotine addiction. A typical treatment session usually lasts

between 30 minutes and an hour, depending on the therapist's method of treatment. This

length of the session gives enough time for your body's endorphins to work to help detox

you from the nicot ine. The ear seeds or clips enable you to stimulate a specific point everytime you have a craving for nicotine. Because this works on the body systems, it enables

you to have the support you need to give up.

ELECTRONIC CIGARETTE OR e-CIGARETTE:

An electronic cigarette, ore-cigarette, is an electrical device that simulates the act

of tobacco smoking by producing an inhaled mist bearing the physical sensation,

appearance, and often the flavor and nicotine content of inhaled tobacco smoke; though

without its odor, and intended to omit its health risks. The device uses heat (or in some

cases, ultrasonic) to vaporize a propylene glycol- or glycerin-based liquid solution intoan aerosol mist, similar to the way a nebulizer or humidifier vaporizes solutions for

inhalation. Most electronic cigarettes are portable, self-contained cylindrical devices the

size of a ballpoint pen or magic marker; though sizes vary, mainly due to

differing battery capacities. Many electronic cigarettes are designed to resemble

actual cigarettes or cigars, or even pipes. Most are also reusable, with replaceable and

refillable parts, but some models are disposable.


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CONCLUSION:

Cigarette smoking is thus the chief, single avoidable cause of death in our society and

most important public health issue of our time. Smoking not only affects us, but also the ones

around us. Thus let us join together to make our society a smoke-free one, by counseling for

tobacco cessation.

Live! And Let Live.

122524788 smoking cessation

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