127462661 67149845 biology form 5 experiment list

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  • 8/13/2019 127462661 67149845 Biology Form 5 Experiment List

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    Chapter 1 Rate of Reactions

    List of PEKA experiments:

    1. Average rate of reaction and instantaneous rate of reaction

    2. Effect of surface area on the rate of reaction

    3. Effect of concentration on the rate of reaction

    4. Effect of temperature on the rate of reaction

    5. Effect of cata!st on the rate of reaction

    ". Effect of the amount of cata!st on the rate of reaction

    #um$er La$orator! %or& 1.2

    Pg. 3

    'ite Average rate of reaction and instantaneous rate of reactionAim 'o determine the average rate of reaction and the instantaneous rate of reaction

    Apparatus 5( cm3$ea&er 'est tu$e )patua

    *ateria *ar$e chip 2.( mo dm+3h!drochoric acid ,-/ (.1 mo dm+3sodium thiosuphate0 #a2)23soution 1.( mo dm+3ead,/ nitrate soution

    .

    #um$er Experiment 1.1

    Pg. "

    'ite Effect of surface area on the rate of reaction

    Aim 'o investigate the effect of tota surface area of the reactant on the rate ofreaction

    Pro$em)tatement

    -o does the tota exposed surface area of a soid reactant affect the rate ofreaction

    -!pothesis %hen the tota surface area of mar$e chips increases0 the rate of reactionincreases. 'he smaer the si6e of the reactant partices0 that is0 the arger thetota surface area of the reactant partices0 the higher the rate of reaction.

    Apparatus 5( cm3measuring c!inder 15( cm3conica fas& )topper ith deiver! tu$e 7asin 7urette )patua Eectronic $aance )topatch

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    *ateria (.5 mo dm+3h!drochoric acid ,-/ 2 g arge mar$e chips 2 g sma mar$e chips %ater

    8aria$es *anipuated varia$e: 'ota surface area of mar$e chips

    9esponding varia$e: 9ate of reaction ontroed ixed varia$e: *ass of mar$e chips0 voume andconcentration of h!drochoric acid ,-/0 temperature

    perationa;efinition

    1. )maer mar$e chips have a arger tota surface area than argermar$e chips of the same mass. 2. or the graph of the voume of gas reeased against time0 the curveith higher initia gradient indicates a higher initia rate of reaction.

    .

    #um$er Experiment 1.2

    Pg. 1(

    'ite Effect of concentration on the rate of reaction

    Aim 'o investigate the effect of concentration on the rate of reaction

    Pro$em)tatement

    -o does the concentration of a reactant affect the rate of reaction ;oeshigh concentration of sodium thiosuphate #a2)23soution decrease the timeta&en for the mar& to disappear from sight

    -!pothesis %hen the concentration of sodium thiosuphate0 #a2)23soution increases0the rate of reaction increases. 'he higher the concentration of sodiumthiosuphate #a2)23soution0 the shorter the time ta&en for the mar& todisappear from sight.

    Apparatus 15( cm3conica fas& 5( cm3measuring c!inder 1( cm3measuring c!inder )topatch

    *ateria (.2 mo dm+3sodium thiosuphate soution 1.( mo dm+3suphuric acid ;istied ater %hite paper mar&ed at the centre

    8aria$es *anipuated varia$e: oncentration of sodium thiosuphate0#a2)23soution 9esponding varia$e: 9ate of reaction ontroed ixed varia$e: oncentration0 voume and initiatemperature of suphuric acid0 -2)4. 'ota voume of reactants

    perationa;efinition

    9ate of reaction is inverse! proportiona to the time ta&en for the the mar& to disappear from sight

    .

    #um$er Experiment 1.3

    Pg. 13

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    'ite Effect of temperature on the rate of reaction

    Aim 'o investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction

    Pro$em)tatement

    -o does temperature affect the rate of reaction

    -!pothesis An increase in temperature i increase the rate of reaction.

    Apparatus 15( cm3conica fas& 5( cm3measuring c!inder 1( cm3measuring c!inder )topatch 'hermometer 7unsen $urner 'ripod stand %ire gau6e

    *ateria (.2 mo dm+3sodium thiosuphate soution 1.( mo dm+3suphuric acid %hite paper mar&ed at the centre

    8aria$es *anipuated varia$e: 'emperature of sodium thiosuphate0#a2)23soution 9esponding varia$e: 'he time ta&en for the cross to disappear ontroed ixed varia$e: voume and concentration of sodiumthiosuphate #a2)23soution0 voume and concentration of suphuric acid0si6e of conica fas&

    perationa;efinition

    9ate of reaction is inverse! proportiona to the time ta&en for the mar& todisappear from sight

    .

    #um$er Experiment 1.4

    Pg. 15

    'ite Effect of cata!st on the rate of reaction

    Aim 'o investigate the effect of a cata!st on the rate of reaction

    Pro$em)tatement

    -o does a cata!st affect the rate of reaction -o do cata!sts affect therate of decomposition of h!drogen peroxide

    -!pothesis 'he presence of a cata!st increases the rate of reaction. *anganese,8/oxide increases the rate of decomposition of h!drogen peroxide.

    Apparatus 'est tu$e 'est tu$e rac& )patua %ooden spinter 9etort stand and camp 1( cm3measuring c!inder Eectronic $aance %eighing $otte

    *ateria 2(+voume h!drogen peroxide0 -22soution 1.( g *anganese,8/ oxide poder

    8aria$es *anipuated varia$e: Presence or a$sence of a cata!st 9esponding varia$e: 'he reease of ox!gen gas 9ate of reaction

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    ontroed ixed varia$e: 8oume and concentration of h!drogenperoxide ,-22/ soution0 temperature

    perationa;efinition

    'he decomposition of h!drogen peroxide is fast if the going oodenspinter re&indes $right! and rapid!. 'he decomposition of h!drogen peroxide is so if the going ooden

    spinter gos dim! and so!.

    .

    #um$er Experiment 1.5

    Pg. 1?

    'ite Effect of the amount of cata!st on the rate of reaction

    Aim 'o investigate the effect of the amount of cata!st on the rate of reaction.

    Pro$em)tatement

    -o does the amount of a cata!st affect the rate of reaction ;oes higheramount of cata!sts increases the rate of reaction

    -!pothesis %hen the amount of a cata!st used increases0 the rate of reaction increases.

    'he higher the amount of the cata!sts0 the higher the rate of reaction.Apparatus 5( cm3measuring c!inder

    15( cm3conica fas& )topper ith deiver! tu$e 7urette 9etort stand and camp 7asin )topatch Eectronic $aance )patua %eighing $otte 7ea&ers

    *ateria 2+voume h!drogen peroxide soution 1.( g manganese,8/ oxide poder

    8aria$es *anipuated varia$e: amount mass of cata!st 9esponding varia$e: 9ate of reaction ontroed ixed varia$e: 'emperature0 voume and concentration ofh!drogen peroxide soution

    perationa;efinition

    'he curves for the graph of voume of gas i$erated against time a highergradient indicated a higher rate of reaction.

    Chapter 3 Oxidation and Reduction

    List of PEKA experiments:

    1. 9edox reaction as oss or gain of ox!gen

    2. hange of iron,/ to iron,/ ions and vice versa

    3. ;ispacement of metas

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    4. ;ispacement of haogens

    5. 'ransfer of eectrons at a distance

    ". Effect of other metas on rusting

    ?. 9eactivit! of metas ith ox!gen

    @. ,A/ 'he position of car$on in the reactivit! series of metas ith ox!gen ,7/

    -eating car$on dioxide ith metas

    . 'he position of h!drogen in the reactivit! series of metas ,;emonstration $!

    teacher/

    1(.xidation and reduction in eectro!tic ces

    11.xidation and reduction in chemica ces

    12.xidation and reduction in votaic ce ith a sat $ridge

    13.

    #um$er La$orator! %or& 3.1

    Pg. "?

    'ite 9edox reaction as oss or gain of ox!gen

    Aim 'o investigate oxidation and reduction A. om$ustion of meta in ox!gen 'o investigate redox reaction in the com$ustion of meta in ox!gen gas02 7. -eating of meta oxide ith car$on

    'o investigate redox reaction in the heating of meta oxide ith car$onPro$em)tatement

    A. om$ustion of meta in ox!gen n the reaction $eteen metas in ox!gen0 hich reagent undergoesoxidation and hich reagent undergoes reduction

    7. -eating of meta oxide ith car$on

    n the reaction $eteen meta oxide and car$on0 hich reagentundergoes oxidation and hich reagent undergoes reduction

    -!pothesis A. om$ustion of meta in ox!gen ,/ *agnesium undergoes oxidation to form magnesium ion0 *g2B

    ,/ x!gen gas undergoes reduction to form oxide ion0 2+

    7. -eating of meta oxide ith car$on

    ,/ ar$on undergoes oxidation to form car$on dioxide gas ,/ opper,/ oxide0 iron,/ oxide and ead,/ oxide undergo reductionto form copper0 iron and ead respective!

    Apparatus A. om$ustion of meta in ox!gen A pair of tongs 7unsen $urner

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    7. -eating of meta oxide ith car$on

    ruci$e Pipe+ca! triange 'ripod stand

    7unsen $urner )patua

    *ateria A. om$ustion of meta in ox!gen 5cm magnesium ri$$on )andpaper Cas Dar containing ox!gen

    7. -eating of meta oxide ith car$on

    ar$on poder opper,/ oxide poder ron,/ oxide poder Lead,/ oxide poder

    8aria$es A. om$ustion of meta in ox!gen

    *anipuated varia$e: '!pe of meta 9esponding varia$e: 9eaction product ontroed ixed varia$e: x!gen gas and the conditions of reaction

    7. -eating of meta oxide ith car$on

    *anipuated varia$e: '!pe of meta oxide 9esponding varia$e: 9eaction product ontroed ixed varia$e: ar$on and the conditions of reaction

    .

    #um$er La$orator! %or& 3.2Pg. ?1

    'ite hange of iron,/ to iron,/ ions and vice versa

    Aim 'o investigate oxidation and reduction in the change of iron,/ ions0 e2Btoiron,/ ions0 e3Band vice versa ,change of iron,/ ions0 e3Bto iron,/ ions0e2B/

    Apparatus ;ropper )patua 'est tu$e 'est tu$e hoder 'est tu$e rac& 7unsen $urner iter funne *easuring c!inder

    *ateria (.5 mo dm+3fresh! prepared iron,/ suphate0 e)4soution (.5 mo dm+3iron,/ suphate0 e2,)4/3soution 7romine ater inc poder iter paper ,1 piece/ 2.( mo dm+3sodium h!droxide0 #a- soution

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    (.5 mo dm+3potassium hexac!noferrate,/0 K3e,#/"soution

    .

    #um$er La$orator! %or& 3.3

    Pg. ?3'ite ;ispacement of metas

    Aim 'o investigate oxidation and reduction in the dispacement of metas from theirsat soutions

    Pro$em)tatement

    -o does redox reaction occur in a dispacement reaction in hich a meta isdispaced from its sat soution

    -!pothesis ,/ 'he meta that acts as a reducing agent i form meta ion ,/ 'he meta ion that acts as an oxidising agent i $e precipated asmeta

    Apparatus 'est tu$es 'est tu$e rac&

    *ateria inc strip opper strip *agnesium ri$$on (.5 mo dm+3siver nitrate (.5 mo dm+3copper,/ suphate (.5 mo dm+3magnesium suphate

    8aria$es *anipuated varia$e: A pair of metas and sat soutions 9esponding varia$e: Precipitation of meta and coour changes in thesoutions ontroed ixed varia$e: 8oumes and concentrations of soutionscontaining the meta ions

    .

    #um$er La$orator! %or& 3.4

    Pg. ?4

    'ite ;ispacement of haogens

    Aim 'o investigate oxidation and reduction in the dispacement of haogen from itshaide soution

    Pro$em)tatement

    -o do redox reactions occur in dispacement reactions $eteen haogensand aFueous soutions of haide ions

    -!pothesis A more reactive haogen dispace a ess reactive haogen from an aFueous

    soutions of its haide ionsApparatus 'est tu$es

    'est tu$e rac&

    *ateria horine ater 7romine ater odine ater (.5 mo dm+3potassium chorine0 K soution (.5 mo dm+3potassium $romine0 K7r soution

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    (.5 mo dm+3potassium iodine0 K soution 10101+trichooethane0 -33

    8aria$es *anipuated varia$e: A pair of haogens and their haide ions 9esponding varia$e: hanges in coour in 10101+trichoroethane0-33

    ontroed ixed varia$e: 8oume of reaction mixture

    .

    #um$er La$orator! %or& 3.5

    Pg. ??

    'ite 'ransfer of eectrons at a distance

    Aim 'o investigate oxidation and reduction in the transfer of eectrons at a distance

    Pro$emstatement

    -o do redox reactions occur in dispacement reactions $eteen haogensand aFueous soutions of haide ions

    -!pothesis A more reactive haogen dispace a ess reactive haogen from an aFueous

    soution of its haide ionsApparatus G+tu$e

    Cavanometer onnecting ire ith crocodie cips Craphite eectrode 9etort stand and camp 'est tu$e ;ropper gass tu$e )topper ith 1 hoe

    *ateria 2.( mo dm+3suphuric acid0 -2)4 (.5 mo dm+3fresh! prepared iron,/ suphate0 e)4soution (.2 mo dm+3acidified potassium manganate,8/0 K*n4soution (.5 mo dm+3potassium iodide0 K soution (.2 mo dm+3acidified potassium dichromate,8/0 K2r2?soution 7romine ater (.2 mo dm+3potassium thioc!anate0 K)# soution 1H starch soution

    8aria$es *anipuated varia$e: A pair of haogen and their haide ions 9esponding varia$e: hanges in coour in 10101+trichoroethana0-33 ontroed ixed varia$e: 8oume of reaction mixture

    .

    #um$er Experiment 3.1

    Pg. @1

    'ite Effect of other metas on rusting

    Aim 'o investigate the effect of other metas on rusting

    Pro$em)tatement

    -o do different t!pes of metas in contact ith iron affect rusting

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    -!pothesis %hen a more eectropositive meta is in contact ith iron0 the meta inhi$itsrusting. %hen a ess eectropositive meta is in contact ith iron0 the metaspeeds up rusting

    Apparatus 'est tu$e 'est tu$e rac&

    *ateria ron nai *agnesium ri$$on opper strip inc strip 'in strip -ot De! soution ith a itte potassium hexac!anoferrate,/0K3e,#/"soution and phenophthaein )andpaper

    8aria$es *anipuated varia$e: '!pes of metas that are in contact ith iron ;ifferent t!pes of metas 9esponding varia$e: Presence of coouration ntensit! of dar& $uecoouration 9usting of iron

    ontroed ixed varia$e: ean iron nais0 medium in hich the ironnais are &ept hot De! soution0 temperature

    perationa;efinition

    7ue coouration indicates rusting of iron

    .

    #um$er La$orator! %or& 3."

    Pg. @5

    'ite 9eactivit! of metas ith ox!gen

    Aim ,/ 'o investigate the reactivit! of metas ith ox!gen ,/ 'o arrange metas in terms of their reactivit! ith ox!gen

    Pro$em)tatement

    -o do different t!pes of metas react ith ox!gen

    -!pothesis 'he more reactive meta react more vigorous! ith ox!gen

    Apparatus 7oiing tu$e 9etort stand and camp 7unsen $urner )patua orceps

    *ateria *agnesium poder opper poder

    ron fiings Lead poder inc poder )oid potassium manganate,8/0 K*n4 As$estos paper Cass oo

    8aria$es *anipuated varia$e: ;ifferent t!pes of metas 9esponding varia$e: the $rightness of the fame

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    ontroed ixed varia$e: 'he amount of the meta and potassiummanganate,8/ poder

    .

    #um$er La$orator! %or& 3.?Pg. @?

    'ite A. 'he position of car$on in the reactivit! series of metas ith ox!gen 7. -eating car$on dioxide ith metas

    Aim A. 'o determine the position of car$on in the reactivit! series of metas 7. 'o determine the a$iit! of a meta to remove ox!gen from car$ondioxide.

    Pro$em)tatement

    -o is the position of car$on in the reactivit! series of metas determined

    -!pothesis ,/ A reaction occur if car$on is more reactive than the meta ,/ A reaction not occur if car$on is ess reactive than the meta

    ,/ ar$on is paced $eteen auminium and 6inc in the reactivit!series of metas

    Apparatus A. 'he position of car$on in the reactivit! series of metas ith ox!gen ruci$e Porceain dish As$estos paper )patua 7unsen $urner Pipe+ca! triange 'ripod stand

    7. -eating car$on dioxide ith metas

    Cas Dar

    Cas Dar cover A pair of tongs

    *ateria A. 'he position of car$on in the reactivit! series of metas ith ox!gen ar$on poder )oid copper,/ oxide0 u )oid magnesium oxide0 *g )oid auminium oxide0 A23 )oid 6inc oxide0 n

    7. -eating car$on dioxide ith metas

    *agnesium ri$$on Cas Dar fied ith car$on dioxide gas0 2 )andpaper

    8aria$es A. *anipuated varia$e: '!pe of meta oxide 9esponding varia$e: ntensit! of fame ontroed ixed varia$e: ar$on poder

    7.

    *anipuated varia$e: '!pe of meta

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    9esponding varia$e: ntensit! of fame ontroed ixed varia$e: ar$on dioxide gas and the conditions ofreaction

    .

    #um$er La$orator! %or& 30@

    Pg. @

    'ite 'he position of h!drogen in the reactivit! series of metas ,;emonstration $!teacher/

    Aim 'o determine the position of h!drogen in the reactivit! series of metas

    Pro$em)tatement

    -o is the position of h!drogen in the reactivit! series of metas determined

    -!pothesis -!drogen is paced $eteen 6inc and iron in the reactivit! series of metas

    Apparatus om$ustion tu$e Porceain dish at+$ottomed fas& G+tu$e 'histe funne ;eiver! tu$e 7unsen $urner 9etort stand and camps )topper ith 1 hoe )topper ith 2 hoes

    *ateria 2.( mo dm+3suphuric acid0 -2)4 1.( mo dm+3copper,/ suphate0 u)4soution inc granues )oid copper,/ oxide )oid 6inc oxide )oid ead,/ oxide )oid iron,/ oxide Anh!drous cacium choride

    8aria$es *anipuated varia$e: ;ifferent t!pes of meta oxides 9esponding varia$e: ntensit! of fameontroed ixed varia$e:-!drogen gas and the conditions of reaction

    .

    #um$er La$orator! %or& 3.

    Pg. 5

    'ite xidation and reduction in eectro!tic ces

    Aim 'o investigate oxidation and reduction in eectro!tic cesA. Eectro!tic ceinvoving moten eectro!te7. Eectro!tic ce invoving aFueous eectro!te

    Apparatus A. Eectro!tic ce invoving moten eectro!te ruci$e ard$oard 7atter!

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    onnecting ire ith crocodie cips 'ripod stand 7unsen $urner Pipe+ca! triange ar$on eectrode )itch Ammeter Light $u$ A pair of tongs )patua

    7. Eectro!tic ce invoving aFueous eectro!te

    7atter! onnecting ire ith crocodie cips Eectro!tic ce ar$on eectrode )itch

    Ammeter Light $u$ )ma test tu$e 7ea&er A pair of tongs

    *ateria A. Eectro!tic ce invoving moten eectro!te )oid ead,/ $romide0 P$7r2

    7. Eectro!tic ce invoving aFueous eectro!te

    (.5 mo dm+3potassium iodide0 K soution )tarch soution )andpaper %ooden spinter

    .

    #um$er La$orator! %or& 3.1(

    Pg. ?

    'ite xidation and reduction in chemica ces

    Aim 'o investigate the oxidation and reduction in chemica ces

    Apparatus Porous pot 8otmeter

    onnecting ires ith crocodie cips 7ea&er *easuring c!inder

    *ateria 1.( mo dm+3copper,/ suphate0 u)4soution 1.( mo dm+36inc suphate n)4soution opper strip inc strip )andpaper

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    .

    #um$er La$orator! %or& 3.1( ,)imiar experiment/

    Pg. ?

    'ite xidation and reduction in votaic ce ith a sat $ridgeAim 'o investigate the oxidation and reduction in chemica ces

    Apparatus 8otmeter onnecting ires ith crocodie cips 1(( cm3$ea&ers *easuring c!inder

    *ateria 1.( mo dm+3copper,/ suphate0 u)4soution 1.( mo dm+36inc suphate n)4soution 1.( mo dm+3ead,/ nitrate P$,#3/2soution 1.( mo dm+3iron,/ suphate e)4soution opper pate inc pate Lead pate ron nai )andpaper )aturated potassium choride0 K soution iter paper strip

    Chapter 4 Thermochemistry

    List of PEKA experiments:

    1. Exothermic and endothermic reactions

    2. -eat of precipitation

    3. -eat of dispacement

    4. -eat of neutraisation

    5. -eat of neutraisation of acids and a&ais of different strength

    ". -eat of neutraisation

    ?. -eats of com$ustion for acohos

    #um$er La$orator! %or& 4.1Pg. 1(1

    'ite Exothermic and endothermic reactions

    Aim 'o identif! an exothermic or endothermic reaction

    Pro$em)tatement

    -o to identif! exothermic or endothermic reactions

    -!pothesis Exothermic reaction occurs hen the temperature of the reaction mixture

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    increases.Endothermic reaction occurs hen the temperature of the reactionmixture decreases.

    Apparatus Pastic cup ith cover Po!st!rene cup ( I 11(J thermometer )patua

    Cass rod 5( cm3measuring c!inder

    *ateria )oid sodium h!drogen car$onate0 #a-3 )oid sodium h!droxide0 #a- )oid ammonium choride0 #-4 )oid ammonium nitrate0 #-4#3 )oid ammonium suphate0 ,#-4/2)4 2.( mo dm+3h!drochoric acid0 - ;istied ater

    8aria$es *anipuated varia$e: Pairs of reactants 9esponding varia$e: 'he temperature change in the reaction mixture ontroed ixed varia$e: '!pes of container0 voume of soution or

    ater

    #um$er La$orator! %or& 4.2

    Pg. 1(4

    'ite -eat of precipitation

    Aim 'o determine the heat of precipitation of siver choride0 Ag

    Apparatus Pastic cup ith cover Po!st!rene cup ( I 11(J thermometer Cass rod 5( cm3measuring c!inder

    *ateria (.5 mo dm+3siver nitrate soution (.5 mo dm+3sodium choride soution

    #um$er La$orator! %or& 4.3

    Pg. 1("

    'ite -eat of dispacement

    Aim 'o determine the heat of dispacement of copper

    Apparatus Pastic cup ith cover Po!st!rene cup ( I 11(J thermometer Cass rod 5( cm3measuring c!inder

    *ateria (.5 mo dm+3copper,/ suphate soution inc poer

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    #um$er La$orator! %or& 4.4

    Pg. 1(@

    'ite -eat of neutraisation

    Aim 'o determine the heats of neutraisation $eteen strong acids and stronga&ais

    Apparatus Pastic cup ith cover Po!st!rene cup ( I 11(J thermometer Cass rod 5( cm3measuring c!inder

    *ateria 2.( mo dm+3h!drochoric acid0 - 2.( mo dm+3sodium h!droxide0 #a- soution 2.( mo dm+3nitric acid0 -#3 2.( mo dm+3potassium h!droxide0 K- soution

    #um$er La$orator! %or& 4.5Pg. 1(

    'ite -eat of neutraisation of acids and a&ais of different strength

    Aim 'o determine and compare the heats of neutraisation $eteen acids anda&ais of different strength

    Pro$em)tatement

    -o do the heat of neutraisation for reactions $eteen acids and a&ais ofdifferent strength

    -!pothesis 'he vaues of heat of neutraisation for reactions $eteen strong acids andstrong a&ais are higher than that of reactions $eteen strong acids and ea&a&ais ea& acids and strong a&ais or ea& acids and ea& a&ais.

    Apparatus Pastic cup ith cover Po!st!rene cup ( I 11(J thermometer Cass rod 5( cm3measuring c!inder

    *ateria 2.( mo dm+3ethanoic acid0 -3- 2.( mo dm+3h!drochoric acid0 - 2.( mo dm+3sodium h!droxide0 #a- soution 2.( mo dm+3ammonia0 #-3soution

    8aria$es *anipuated varia$e: ;ifferent strength of acids and a&ais 9esponding varia$e: 'he vaue of heat of neutraisation ontroed ixed varia$e: 8oume and concentration of acids used0voume and concentration of a&ais used.

    #um$er La$orator! %or& 4."

    Pg. 11(

    'ite -eat of neutraisation

    Aim 'o determine and compare the heats of neutraisation $eteen: -!drochoric acid ,strong acid/0 - and sodium h!droxide ,strong

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    $ase/0 #a- soution Ethanoic acid ,ea& acid/0 -3- and sodium h!droxide ,strong$ase/0 #a- soution -!drochoric acid ,strong acid/0 - and ammonia ,ea& $ase/0#-3soution Ethanoic acid ,ea& acid/0 -3- and ammonia,ea& $ase/0#-3soution

    Pro$em)tatement

    -o are the heats of neutraisation determined and compared

    -!pothesis 'he heat of neutraisation $eteen h!drochoric acid and sodium h!droxide ishigher than the heat of neutraisation $eteen ethanoic acid and ammoniasoution.

    Apparatus 5( cm3$urette 25.( cm3pipette Pipette fier 9etort stand and camps Pastic cup Po!st!rene cup

    25( cm3

    $ea&er *agnetic stirrer *agnetic stir $ar 'emperature sensor omputer omputer interface )topatch

    *ateria 1.( mo dm+3h!drochoric acid0 - 1.( mo dm+3sodium h!droxide0 #a- soution 1.( mo dm+3ethanoic acid0 -3- 1.( mo dm+3ammonia0 #-3soution

    8aria$es *anipuated varia$e: ;ifferent t!pes of acids and $ases 9esponding varia$e: -eat of neutraisation ontroed ixed varia$e: 8oume and concentration of acid and a&aiused

    #um$er Experiment 4.1

    Pg. 112

    'ite -eats of com$ustion for acohos

    Aim 'o determine the heats of com$ustion for acohos

    Pro$em)tatement ;oes acoho ith a higher num$er of car$on atoms per moecue have ahigher heat of com$ustion

    -!pothesis 'he higher the num$er of car$on atoms in the acoho moecues0 the higher isthe heat of com$ustion.

    Apparatus opper can 'hermometer Cass rod )tirrer *easuring c!inder

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    'ripod stand )pirit amp %ooden $oc& %eighing $aance %ind shied As$estos screen

    *ateria

    *ethano Ethano Propano Prop+1+o 7utano 7ut+1+o %ater

    8aria$es *anipuated varia$e: ;ifferent t!pes of acohos 9esponding varia$e: -eat of com$ustion of acoho ontroed ixed varia$e: 8oume of ater and copper can metacontainer ,caorimeter/

    Chapter 5 Chemicals for Consumers

    List of PEKA experiments:

    1. )oap preparation process

    #um$er La$orator! %or& 5.1

    Pg. 11?

    'ite )oap preparation process

    Aim 'o prepare soap using the saponification process

    Apparatus 25( cm3$ea&ers 5( cm3measuring c!inder

    )patua Cass rod iter funne %ire gau6e 'ripod stand 7unsen $urner %ash $otte 'est tu$e

    *ateria Pam oi 5.( mo dm+3sodium h!droxide0 #a- soution )odium choride poder iter paper ,3 pieces/

    ;istied ater