1.3. cycles and the earth 1. water cycle water
TRANSCRIPT
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1.3. Cycles and the Earth
1. Water Cycle
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Water
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(1)Evaporation• Heat energy from the sun causes
water in puddles, streams, rivers, seas or lakes to change from a liquid to a water vapor.
• This is called evaporation.
• The vapor rises into the air and collects in clouds.
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(2)Condensation• Water vapor collects in clouds. As the
clouds cool the water vapor condenses into water drops.
• This is called condensation. • These drops fall to the earth as rain,
snow or hail.
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(3)Precipitation
• Water falls to the earth from clouds. Mainly as rain, but sometimes as snow and hail.
• This is called precipitation.
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(4)Transpiration• Transpiration is the process by which
plants lose water out of their leaves.
• Transpiration gives evaporation a bit of a hand in getting the water vapor back up into the air.
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EvaporationThe vapor rises
CondensationThe Clouds form
PrecipitationThe rain falls
Transpiration
The movement through plants
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2. Carbon Cycle
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Carbon
Carbon exists in the nonliving environment as:
• Carbon dioxide (CO2)
• Carbonic acid ( HCO3−)
• Carbonate rocks (limestone and coral = CaCO3)
• Deposits of Fossil fuels• Dead organic matter
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Organic Carbon
• Hydrocarbons: CH4
• Carbohydrate: CH2O
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Inorganic carbon
• Carbon Dioxide: CO2
• Calcium Carbonate: CaCO3
Mandale Limestone Quarry
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Carbon reservoirs
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Carbon is taken from the atmosphere in several ways
①Photosynthesis.
②The oceans when the seawater becomes cooler, more CO2 dissolve and become carbonic acid.
• In the upper ocean areas organisms convert reduced carbon to tissues, or carbonates.
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Photosynthesis
• CO2 + H2O + sunlight CH2O + O2
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Respiration
• CH2O + O2 CO2 + H2O + energy
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Combustion or Oxidization of hydrocarbon
CH4 + 2 O2 CO2 + 2 H2O + energy
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Human Impacts on the Carbon Cycle
Burning fossil fuels have serious impact on the carbon cycle.
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Fossil Fuel
86% of global primary energy consumption is fossil fuels.
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Fossil Fuels
• Petroleum
• Natural Gas
• Coal
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3. The Energy Cycle
• The amount of energy that enters the system should equal the amount that is removed.
• Because of the balance-scale nature of Earth’s energy cycle, scientists also call it Earth’s energy budget.
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Three main sources of energy in Earth’s energy budget
• Solar Energy
• Geothermal Energy
• Tidal Energy
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<The Law of Thermodynamics>
• Energy can never be created or destroyed, only changed from one form to another.
• When energy changes, it is converted from a more useful, more concentrated form to a less useful, less concentrated form.
→Energy can never be recycled completely.