1.3 evolution of sustainability within design

Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy

carlo vezzolipolitecnico di milano . INDACO dpt. . DIS . faculty of design . Italy

Learning Network on Sustainability

course System Design for Sustainabilitysubject 1. Sustainable development and design: the reference framework

learning resource 1.3Evolution of sustainability within design


CONTENTS Low impact environmental impact materials/energiesProduct life cycle design/ecodesign(Product-service) system design for eco-efficiencyDesign for social equity and cohesionDesign for Sustainability: state of the artSDS: polimi/DIS projects


low impactmat./energies

design for social equity and

cohesion

system design for eco-efficiency

Product Life Cycle Design

ecodesign

widening the “object” to be designed

SUSTAINABILITY IN DESIGN ROLE: EVOLUTION (in industrially mature

countries)


1. LOW ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT MATERIALS/ENERGIES. NON-TOXIC. “NATURAL”. RECYCLABLE. RENEWABLE. BIO-DEGRADABLE


2. PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE DESIGN (ECODESIGN)

an extended design horizon

from product design

to the design of the product LIFE CYCLE stages

the design “reference”from product designto product’s “FUNCTION” design


LIFE CYCLEAPPROACH

manufac.

assemb.

finish

collection

reso

urce

’sac

hiev

ing

mater.

energy

produc.

package

trasp.

stora

ge

other product’s life cycle


FUNCTIONAL APPROACH

IS NOT THE PRODUCT TO BE DESIGNED (ASSESSED) BUT, THE WHOLE OF THE PROCESSES ASSOCIATED WITH THE PRODUCT AND FULFILLMENT OF A GIVEN FUNCTION


LCD: ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA/GUIDELINES (DEVELOPED)

RESOURCES MINIMISATION LOW IMPACT RESOURCES SELECTION

PRODUCT LIFE OPTIMISATION MATERIAL LIFE EXTENSION

DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY

LCD: METHODS AND TOOLS (DEVELOPED)


FROM PRODUCT INNOVATION (FUNCTION)

TO SYSTEM INNOVATION (PARTICULAR DEMAND “SATISFACTION”)

… BUT SUSTAINABILITY ASK FORRADICAL INNOVATIONS


3. (PRDUCT-SERVICE) SYSTEM DESIGN FOR ECO-EFFICENCY


A DEFINITION OF PRODUCT-SERVICE SYSTEM

“the result of an innovation strategy, shifting the business focus from designing and selling physical products only, to designing and selling a system of products and services which are jointly capable of fulfilling specific client demands (satisfactions).”“system innovation can lead, throughout innovative stakeholders’ interactions, to system eco-efficiency.”

free pdf at: http://www.unep.fr/scp/publications/details.asp?id=WEB/0081/PA


PRDUCT-SERVICE SYSTEMA DEFINITION

“A PSS is a system of products, services, network of actors and supporting infrastructure that continuously strives to be competitive, satisfy customer needs and have a lower impact than traditional business models.”

[O. Mont, IIIEE]


AN EXAMPLE OFECO-EFFICENT SYSTEM INNOVATION


ARISTON + ENEL: PAY-PER-USE

payment is based on number of washes and includes: delivery of a washing machine at home (not owned), electricity supply (not directly paid), maintenance, up-grading and end-of-life collection.

the innovative interaction between the two companies and the client, make the companies’ interest to design and provide (and design) high efficient, long lasting, reusable and recyclable washing machines


(PRODUCT-SERVICE) SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

UNDERSTANDING OF WIN-WIN POTENTIAL:IS THE COMPANY/COMPANIES’ ECONOMIC AND COMPETITIVE INTEREST THAT LEAD TOWARDS INNOVATIONS THAT REDUCE THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT


- design an integrated system of products and services fulfilling a particular demand for “satisfaction”

- promote/facilitate new socio-economic stakeholder interactions/partnerships

- promote/facilitate participated design between different stakeholders

- ORIENTATE THE ABOVE PROCESSES TOWARDS AN ECO-EFFICIENT SOLUTION

… introducing system inn. in design for eco-efficiency ...

REQUIRES NEW (STRATEGIC) DESIGN SKILLS:


some methods/tools were developed for system design and to orientate it to sustainable solutions:

[EU RESEARCHES: MEPSS, HICS, PROSECCO, …]

METHODS ...

MEPSS, EU RESEARCH

van Halen, Vezzoli & Wimmer, Methodology for product service system innovation,Van Gorcum, Assen, The Netherlands, 2005

HiCS, EU RESEARCH

Manzini, Collina & Evans, Highly Customerised Solutions, Cranfield University, 2006


… TOOLS

www.sdo-lens.polimi.it

Sustainability system Design-Orienting

(SDO) toolkitStakeholder System Map

Interaction story board


where various forms of social inequality are directly addressed in the design process

4. DESIGN FOR SOCIAL EQUITY


DEFINITION OF DESIGN[ICSID, 2005>2009: AUTHORITATIVE]“design is a creative activity whose aim is to establish the multi-faceted qualities of objects, processes, services and their systems in whole life-cycles.... with the task of:. enhancing global sustainability and environmental protection (global ethics). giving benefits and freedom to the entire human community, individual and collective. supporting cultural diversity despite the globalisation of the world (cultural ethics). …”


MAIN APPROACHES OF DESIGN FOR SOCIAL EQUITY AND COHESION

. product design for low-income contexts and basics needs (design for BOP, etc.)

. design for social innovation, facilitating promising bottom-up initiatives

. system (stakeholder interaction) design for social equity and cohesion

. ...


“a product-service system innovation (approach) may act as a business opportunity to facilitate the process of a social-economical development in an emerging context - by jumping over the stage characterised by individual consumption/ownership of mass produced goods - towards a “satisfaction-based” and “low resource-intensity” advanced service-economy.”

UNEP, 2002: PSS FOR ALL


“a system innovation (approach) may act as a business opportunity to facilitate the process of a social-economical development in an emerging context - by jumping over the stage characterised by individual consumption/ownership of mass produced goods - towards a “satisfaction-based” and “low resource-intensity” advanced service-economy,characterized by the development of local-based and network-structured enterprises and initiatives, for a sustainable re-globalisation process aiming at a democratisation of access to resources, goods and services”.

LENS design research working hypothesis[based on UNEP, 2002]:


AN EXAMPLE OF SOCIO-ETHICAL + ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILE SYSTEM INNOVATIONS


GREENSTAR SOLAR E-COMMERCE AND COMMUNITY CENTREIndia (Parvatapur), Jamaica and GhanaA modular, scalable, highly portable “station” is delivered for villages in the developing world, as e-commerce centres. It is solar powered and connected to the web through a satellite or digital modem.Residents of remote rural communities can sell their wares world-wide and become shareholders in the Greenstar network.


Very few methods/tools has been developed to orientate design towards socially equitable solutions:

METHODS/TOOLS

UNEP, RESEARCH

TUD – UNEP, Design for Sustainability: A Practical Approach for Developing Economies, UNEP-DTI, 2006

MEPSS, EU RESEARCH, 2005

Tishner, socio-ethical dimension in Sustainability Design orienting toolkity, www.sdo-lens.polimi.it, 2005


CONSOLIDATION(research achievements)

(edu

catio

n an

d pr

actic

e)DI

SSEM

INAT

ION

100%

100%

0new research frontier …

low impactmat./energies

design for social equity and

cohesion

system design for eco-efficiency

Product Life Cycle Design

ecodesignwidening the “object” to

be

designed

… aim atSUSTAINABILITY IN DESIGN ROLE: STATE OF THE ART (in industrially mature countries)


POLIMI/DIS CONSULTANCIES/APPLIED RESEARCH IN SYSTEM DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABILITY


LESS WASTES: OTHER WAYS OF DOINGSCENARIOS AND SYSTEMS’ CONCEPTS OF UPSTREAM WASTES REDUCTION IN THE FOOD AND PAPER CHAINS IN THE CITY OF BRESCIA, ITALY

commissioned by:ASM-BRESCIA

existing existing system system analysisanalysis

eco-efficient eco-efficient scenarios and scenarios and system concept system concept developmentdevelopment

sustainabilitsustainability focused y focused ideas ideas generationgeneration


0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Impa

tto re

lativ

o (%

)

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

and productionPre

-production- Distribution Disposal

Impa

tto re

lativ

o (%

)

abridged LCA

ABRIDGED LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT

DESIGN OF THE SYSTEM INNOVATION INTRODUCTION AND DIFFUSION PATH

ECO-EFFICIENT SCENARIOS ELABORATION

commissioned by:

system innovation introd. and diffusion path

eco-efficient scenarios elaboration

PSS concept design

PSS engineering

PSS CONCEPT DESIGN AND ENGINEERING


ARCHIMEDE ENERGIA

PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AND CREATING PROTOTYPES

DESIGN OF ECO-EFFICIENT PRODUCT SERVICE SYSTEMS

DEFINITION OF A STRATEGIC PATH FOR THE INTRODUCTION AND DIFFUSION OF THE DESIGNED SYSTEMS

product designproduct design

system designsystem design path to intro. and path to intro. and diffusion of diffusion of system system innovationinnovation

commissioned by:ARCHIMEDE ENERGIA


system designsystem design

product designproduct design

path to intro. and path to intro. and diffusion of diffusion of system innovationsystem innovation

coordinated by:MIT (USA)

INTRODUCTION OF SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY SYSTEMS IN EMERGING CONTEXTS

1. introduction of sustainable Mobility Management system in Bangalore2. introduction of sustainable Car sharing (+carpooling) system in Bangalore3. introduction of sustainable residential Carpooling system in Beijing


system designsystem designproduct designproduct designsystem innovation system innovation introd. and diffusion introd. and diffusion pathpath

SYSTEM DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABLE PILOT PROJECT AIMING AT AN INTRODUCTION OF LOCALLY-BASED AND LONG LASTING MOBILITY SYSTEM FOR LOW INCOME CONTEXTS IN AFRICA

United Nations Industrial Development Organization

A Global UNIDO Network of University Chairs on Innovation

Politecnico di Milano

Cape Peninsula University of Technology

1.3 evolution of sustainability within design

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