1317_pub_53

Determining Number of e-Node B for Digital Dividend Public Safety Communication in Jakarta Area 47

Determining Number of e-Node B for DigitalDividend Public Safety Communication in

Jakarta Area

Gerson Damanik1 , Djamhari Sirat2 , and Dadang Gunawan3 , Non-members

ABSTRACT

Today, the use of communication system for pub-lic safety and regulation purposes is still narrow-band based, that is communication that transmitslow-speed voice and data services. Each governmentagency, such as the government of Jakarta (PemdaDKI), police, health department, �re department,and the national disaster management agency, buildsits own network independently. Therefore, it is dif-�cult to coordinate the service between agencies ifthere is an emergency situation or disaster. Goodcommunication system for public safety services willcreate conducive condition that will eventually cre-ate tranquility in the community. Jakarta, as thecapital city of Indonesia, needs communication sys-tems that create such condition. This paper deter-mines the number of e-Node B for 700 MHz digitaldividend network for Public Safety Communicationservices in Jakarta based on LTE technology. Theservices include voice, video, and data. In this study,it is assumed that determination of the required num-ber of e-Node B is started from year 2012 to 2022 byconsidering the bit rate required by the public safetyo�cer. The assumption of ratio of public safety o�-cer in Jakarta is based on its population data. Radionetwork planning is based on coverage approach andcapacity approach. The design of its coverage andcapacity are analysed by using network dimension-ing. Dimensioning coverage is conducted by calcu-lating the link budget for dense urban, and urbanareas. We use the 9955 RNP (Radio Network Plan-ning) to calculate the link budget and predict thesystem's coverage. From the calculation, it is shownthat e-Node B number required to cover the Jakartaarea is 140. Dimensioning of capacity is based on theservices bit rate required by the public safety o�cer.The services are , voice, video, and data. Tra�c pro-�le is based on the assumption in year 2012, 2015,and 2020. By the capacity calculation, it is shownthat a total of 49 sites is required.

Keywords: Public Safety Communication, RadioNetwork Planning, e-Node B, Link Budget, Dimen-sioning, LTE, Digital Dividend

Manuscript received on November 12, 2012 ; revised on Jan-uary 3, 2013.1,2,3 The authors are with Department of Electrical En-

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Public safety is an activity of prevention, treat-ment and protection against things that harm otherpeople who may have a signi�cant e�ect, injury, lossor damage such as crime and disaster whether causedby people or nature [1]. Therefore, public safety is im-portant for the creation of a secure and comfortablecondition in the community so that it can supportnational stability.

Public safety communication refers to radio com-munications used by agencies and organizations deal-ing with maintenance of law and order, protectionof life and property, emergency situations, dealingwith a serious disruption of functioning of society,posing a signi�cant widespread threat to human life,health, property or environment, whether caused byaccident, natural phenomena or human activity, andwhether developing suddenly or as a result of com-plex long term processes [2]. The growing demandof telecommunication and radio communication bypublic safety agencies and organizations, includingthose dealing with emergency situations and disas-ter relief, is driven by their roles that are vital tothe maintenance of law and order, protection of lifeand property, and emergency response. The currentpublic safety communication is mostly narrow-bandsupporting voice and low data-rate applications.

Jakarta as the capital city of Indonesia, serves asthe center of government and economic center witha high population density, needs to have a systemof public safety. Agencies that are related to publicsafety are the national disaster management agency(BNPB), local government, �re department, law en-forcement o�cers (Police) and health department.For supporting the performance of those governmentagencies, it is required to have a reliable communica-tion system. In addition to supporting the communi-cation with the high mobility, this system must sup-port the existence of an interoperable and broadband-based service like video calls and multimedia-basedcommunications.

Today, the communication systems in supportingpublic safety agencies have di�erent standards, such

gineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia.,E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

48 ECTI TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL ENG., ELECTRONICS, AND COMMUNICATIONS VOL.11, NO.1 February 2013

as by using di�erent frequency range between 300 -800 MHz and by using di�erent technologies. Themost widely used technologies are the conventionalsystems, trunking systems, PSTN (Public SwitchedTelephone Network) and commercial cellular net-works. Thus, the existing communication systems inagencies related to public safety do not support theinteroperability. Even, in an institution there is noguarantee that the communication system supportsthe interoperability among its users. A level of inter-operability [3] of the system for public safety o�ceris required to communicate and coordinate with eachother.

A study related to deployment of public safety hasbeen done in the united states. In [4], it was demon-strated that a nationwide broadband network thatserves local, state, and federal emergency responderswould solve the technical interoperability issues. Thisbroadband network uses 10 MHz of spectrum in the700 MHz. It also demonstrates the estimate cost inthe deployment. From the estimation, it was shownthat the cost estimate can change dramatically by ad-justing a few critical input parameters, which includecoverage reliability, building penetration margin, to-tal capacity requirements, maximum data rate, andbuild-out requirements. That work identi�ed a �rst-cut estimate of the cell sites required for a nationwide,broadband, public-safety-grade wireless network un-der a variety of scenarios.

By observing [4], it is important that Jakartashould have its own public safety wireless. Beforeimplementing it, it is required to design the radionetwork planning that is suitable for the current con-dition. The �rst stage of radio network planning isto determine the system's requirements. This paperanalyzes the number of e-Node B required by usingdigital dividend 700 MHz for public safety communi-cations in Jakarta area. The use of a single frequency[5] for di�erent organizations of public safety wouldenable them to communicate and mitigates the inter-operability problem during emergency situations. Inthis paper, we use radio network planning based oncellular system LTE (Long Term Evolution) becauseas stated above, the system must be broadband inorder to serve the multimedia public safety services.The user data in this paper is base on a survey con-ducted in public safety organization in Jakarta area.

1.2 Motivation

Public Safety Communications is deployed basedon the fact that most of emergency situations suchas a big �re, tra�c jam, big �ood, and riot could notbe solved by only single public safety entity. A co-ordination between each public safety o�cer to servethe society is required. Public safety communicationstoday consume a large amount of spectrum per user[3]. Further, unlike cellular systems, public safetycommunications have generally been legacy operated

which results in ine�cient use of frequency spectrum.Due to the spectrum e�ciency of modern digital

technologies and the movement towards larger net-work operation areas, analysis of the required capac-ity for the public safety broadband network shouldnot rely on assumptions based on today's technologyand network designs. As time goes on, it will becomeincreasingly more attractive to build converged dataand voice networks, while most of the public safetytechnology are currently narrow band services. Asvoice and data communications continue to converge,users have a greater expectation for both voice andmobile wireless data capabilities.

Broadband systems that can provide reliable, in-teroperable voice and data systems will likely replacenarrowband voice systems and low data rate net-works. The goal of public safety communicationsplanners should be not only consolidation onto an in-tegrated broadband voice and data network, but alsoan orderly migration of existing public safety missioncritical voice communications systems, over time toa common frequency band and technology platform,which will provide inherent interoperability and im-prove spectrum e�ciency while reducing overall costsin the long term.

1.3 LTE Overview and Determining Public

Safety User

In this section we will �rst overview the LTE stan-dard as our main basis to develop this system. Wedetermine public safety user as a demand of the pub-lic safety communication. In addition, the networkdimensioning, such as the assumption of number ofuser and the coverage area should be determined be-fore conducting simulation to get the proper numberof e-Nodes B required.

1.3...1 LTE

LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology was in-troduced by 3GPP (3rd Generation PartnershipProject). Latest release of release 10 developed asa preparation for advanced 4G [6]. This technologyis able to support bandwidth 1.4 MHz to 20 MHz,both FDD and TDD. LTE utilizes a simpler architec-ture, the latest high-speed technologies, and commer-cially available devices, all of which create economiesof scale and reduce operating costs for public safetyagencies. With LTE's standardized protocols and in-terfaces and everyone using commercially availabledevices, more public safety personnel can talk to oneanother. LTE supports an open device ecosystem.The all-IP nature of LTE helps with interoperabil-ity because more and more public safety agencies aremoving to IP-based systems. Another speci�c ben-e�ts use. LTE for public safety communications are: interoperability, situational awareness, video, digi-tal imaging, large data �les, GIS, automatic vehiclelocation, computer aided dispatching, telemetry, and


improved task force operations. LTE-core networkin the system architecture evolution (SAE) is calledenvelope packet core (EPC), it is all-IP to support3GPP standard and non standard radio access net-work.

1.3...2 Determining Public Safety User

Users of public safety are personnels who respondto day-to-day emergencies and to disasters. Theywould typically be public personnel grouped into mis-sion oriented categories, such as police, �re brigades,emergency medical response, and government person-nel civilians. All these public safety personnel wouldbe using public safety communications services dur-ing an emergency or disaster. Public safety user maybe combined together into categories that have simi-lar wireless communication usage patterns, i.e. theassumption is that all users grouped into "police"category personnel would have similar demands fortelecommunication services. For this model, the cat-egories will only be used to group public safety userswith similar wireless service usage rates. That is,for police, each o�cer may have a radio (user equip-ment), so the wireless penetration rate is 100% forpolice. For ambulance crews, there may be two peo-ple assigned to an ambulance, but only one radio,so the penetration is only 50% for ambulance crews.The current penetration rate can easily be determinedif the number of mobile stations deployed is known.It is simply the ratio of the number of radio (userequipment) deployed to the number of public safetyusers in that category. We need to determine thepublic safety user populations. This can be collectedfor each public safety user category; police, law en-forcement, �re brigade, emergency medical response,etc. This data is collected from the speci�c metropoli-tan government or public safety organizations. Thisdata may be available from several public sources,including annual budgets, census data, and reportspublished by national or local agencies.

Table 1: Estimation of population growth in Jakartaarea [7].

Year Amount (millions)2010 8.52015 8.72020 8.82025 8.8

The de�nition of the number of personnel in disas-ter department in Jakarta is based on organizationalstructure for disaster management. For �re depart-ment, it is based on ideal conditions in every districtwhere there is one post and in one post there aretwo teams, each team consisting of six persons. Onthe other hand, the police and health departmentsare based on ideal ratio of total number of person-

Table 2: Ratio of personnel in police [9] and healthdepartments [10].

Personnel RatioPolice 1 : 400

Specialists 6 : 100,000General Practitioners 40 : 100,000

Dentists 11 : 100,000Nurses 107 : 100,000

Obstetrician 100 : 100,000

nel compared to the total population. The ratio isshown in Table 2. The ratio 1 police to 400 popula-tions is an ideal condition of the united nations. Theratio between medical o�cers to 100,000 populationsis based on an ideal condition of the national devel-opment planning board.

The data in Table 3 are obtained from each agencyby making questionnaire in 2010. Each populationcategory has a di�erent growth condition. Jakarta lo-cal government, medical service and police have thesame growth each year. 100 users o�cer increase ev-ery year. The growth �re brigade service each year is15 users. The growth of national disaster relief boardeach year is 20 users. The purpose of these categoriesis to describe the users of the public safety commu-nications. Since the radio network planning does notcare about the categories of the user, it becomes ahomogeny user that we call public safety user.

2. NETWORK DIMENSIONING

Network dimensioning [8] provides the �rst, quickassessment of the probable wireless network con�gu-ration. Network dimensioning is a part of the wholeplanning process, which also includes detailed plan-ning and optimization of the wireless cellular network.As a whole, planning is an iterative process coveringdesign, synthesis and realization. A proper set of in-puts is vital for dimensioning to yield accurate results.Wireless cellular dimensioning requires some funda-mental data elements such as subscriber population,tra�c pro�le, area to be covered, frequency band, al-located bandwidth. Network dimensioning approachis calculating the number of required sites based oncoverage (link budget) requirements, and capacity re-quirements. Outputs of network dimensioning are:site count for coverage and capacity. The �nal num-ber of sites is the bigger number form coverage andcapacity point of view.

2.1 Coverage Approach

For cell planning, it is very important to be able toestimate the signal strengths in all parts of the areato be covered, that is, to predict the path loss. Themost accurate best path loss models that can be usedare semi- empirical that is based on measurements of


Table 3: Total public safety user.

YearJakarta Local Fire Medical

PoliceNational Disaster Total

Government Brigade Service Relief Board Users2012 1400 3470 24000 21500 135 505052013 1500 3485 24100 21600 155 508402014 1600 3500 24200 21700 175 511752015 1700 3515 24300 21800 195 515102016 1800 3530 24400 21900 215 518452017 1900 3545 24500 22000 235 521802018 2000 3560 24600 22100 255 525152019 2100 3575 24700 22200 275 528502020 2200 3590 24800 22300 295 531852021 2300 3605 24900 22400 315 535202022 2400 3620 25000 22500 335 53855

path loss attenuation in various terrains. The use ofsuch models is motivated by the fact that radio prop-agation cannot be measured everywhere. However, ifmeasurements are taken in typical environments, theparameters of the model can be �ne-tuned so that themodel is as good as possible for that particular typeof terrain.

2.1...1 Target Area Coverage

In this paper, we used Jakarta area morphologiestype as shown in Fig. 1 below. It consists of denseurban and urban area categories. Dense urban areais 114 km2 while urban area is 564.92 km2.

Fig.1: Jakarta clutter area category [11], green isdense urban area, sky-blue and red are urban area.

2.1...2 Parameters for Coverage Approach

Network dimensioning approached by coverage cal-culation is obtained using appropriate link budget.An accurate calculation of link budget is essential,because it determines how representative our networkplanning is to the real state of the �eld. Path lossmodel used in this planning is Hata model as givenby :

PL =A+B log(f)− 13.82 log(Hb)a(Hm)+

[44.9− 6.55 log(Hb)] log(d) + Lother

(1)

where, f = carrier frequency (MHz), Hb = BTS an-tenna height (m), a(Hm) = correction factor for re-ceiver antenna, d = distance between BTS (transmit-ter) and MS (receiver) (km), Lother = area correctionfactor (dB), 0 dB for suburban area and rural, 3 dBfor urban area. For urban and dense urban area, valueof a(Hm) in 700 MHz can be calculated by using:

a(Hm) = 3.2[log(11.75Hm)]2 − 4.97 (2)

The values of A and B for 700 MHz are A = 69.55and B = 25.16. The parameters that used in the linkbudget are:

e−Node B Receive Sensitivity = (Thermal

Noise Density + Effective e−Node

B Noise Figure + (10× log(10)

(Used Bandwidth)) + Target UL

SINR)

(3)

where, value of thermal noise density = -174 dBm,this is default value by Alcatel Lucent e�ective e-Node B noise �gure = 2.5 dBm is default value byAlcatel Lucent, used bandwidth = 1800 kHz, targetUL SINR = 0.2 dB is default value by Alcatel Lucent.

e−NodeB Receive Sensitivity = (Thermal

Noise Density + Effective e−Node

B Noise Figure + (10× log(10)

(Used Bandwidth)) + Target UL

SINR) = 108.747279

(4)

e-Node B Receive Sensitivity = 108.74729, so e-NodeB Receive Sensitivity is 108.7472749 the same with


108.7.

Maximum Acceptable Pathloss (MAPL) =

UE Max Tx Power + UE Antenna

Gain + FSS Gain− IoT− Shadowing

Magin + Handoff GainPenetration

Margin− Body Losses− Cable &

Connector Losses + e−Node B

Antenna Gaine−NodeB Rx

Sensitivity Additional UL Losses.

(5)

UE max Tx power = 23 dBm, this value is based onthe user equipment speci�cation. Table 4 shows pa-rameters used in maximum acceptable pathloss cal-culation. The result of this calculation is used tocalculate cell coverage.

Table 4: Parameters used in maximum acceptablepathloss calculation.

No Parameters Value1 UE Max Tx Power 23 dBm2 UE Antenna Gain 0 dBi3 Freq. Selec.Sched.Gain 1.8 dB4 IoT 3 dB5 Shadowing Margin 8.8 dB6 Hando� Gain 3.6 dB7 Penetration Margin 17 dB8 Body Losses 0 dB9 Cable and Connector Losses 0.5 dB10 e-Node B Antenna Gain 15 dBi11 e-Node B Rx Sensitivity 108.7 dB12 Additional UL Losses 0 dB

MAPL =UE Max Tx Power + UE Antenna

Gain + FSS Gain− IoT− Shadowing

Magin + Handoff GainPenetration

Margin− Body Losses− Cable &

Connector Losses + e−Node B

Antenna Gaine−Node B Rx

Sensitivity Additional UL Losses.

(6)

where, MAPL = 122.8 dB, UL K1 = 120.7 dB, ULK2 = 33.8 dB.

UL Cell Range = 10(MAPL−ULK1)/ULK2

= 1.138185419 ≈ 1.14 km(7)

Three-sector site: area of a site = 3 × area of a sec-tor or sector area (Cell area coverage). In this paper,UL cell range coverage = 1.949 × UL cell range × ULcell range. The clutter map of Jakarta area is dividedby two categories, dense urban area, and urban area.This map is used as a references when we plan to de-ploy sites of the cellular. Value of site = target area

Fig.2: Network planning principles use three sectorsite [12].

Table 5: Category map clutter of Jakarta area andcalculation of area coverage.

No ClutterArea Coverage

Remark(km2)

1Dense

114Jakarta

Urban Clutter Map

2 Urban 564.96Jakarta

Clutter Map

coverage/area coverage (km) where : area coverage =1.949 × R × R. In this paper we used 3 sector. Allsite = value of site dense urban-up link + value ofsite urban-up link. R between down link and up linkis the same because as a limitation of up link budgetside.

2.2 Capacity Approach

Network dimensioning approached by capacity cal-culation is a capacity planning to determine the num-ber of sites due to capacity. The subscriber densityand subscriber tra�c pro�le are the main require-ments for capacity dimensioning. Parameters in thistra�c pro�le are based on the assumption from thenetwork. It is based on generic tra�c pro�le inputs.In this paper we do not determine the number of e-Node B yet. The number e-Node B calculation isobtained based on the expectation of tra�c pro�leand it will be the reality in the real implementation.

2.2...1 Type of Service and Tra�c Pro�le

In this paper, we use three general types of ser-vices, namely voice, video call, and data transfer. Bitrate requirements for voice is based on packet size foran adaptive multi rate (AMR) 12.2 VoIP codec whilebit rate require for video call and data transfer is 512kbps. Table 7 shows type of services and bit raterequirements are for three terms of deployment. Itmeans that for 2012 until 2022, there are only threeperiods of investment year. The �rst period is year


Table 6: The value of site base on two categories of clutter area in Jakarta area.

No ParameterDense Urban Urban

Formula RemarkDL UL DL UL

1 Cell Range (km) 1.16 1.16 1.74 1.74 A UL Cell Range

2Area Coverage

2.6225744 2.6225744 5.9007924 5.9007924 B=1.949*A*A

Formula Area

UL Cell RangeCoverage with

km23-sector is

1.949*R8R

3Target Area

114 114 564.96 564.96 CTarget Area

Coverage (km2) Need to Cover

4 Value of Site 43.4687382 43.4687382 95.74307342 95.74307342 D=C/BValue of Site

base on Clutter

5Value of Site

44 96E=MAX Limitation

base on Clutter (DL:UL) in UL

6 All Site

F=E DenseFinal Value

140 Urban+Eof Site

Urban

2012, the second period is year 2015, and the third isyear 2020. A tra�c pro�le gives an estimate of thetra�c to be carried by the system. Di�erent types oftra�c that will be carried by the network are mod-elled. Each wireless network has its own set of pa-rameters. Table 8 shows design parameters requestedby the user since year 2012 until 2020. It is shownthat VoIP service is a dominant services 100 % for allthe subscriber per site in year 2012, 2015, and 2020.It means that voice service eases the communicationamong the user of public safety. It is shown that twoways video services it is 50% of the user using thisservice. The tra�c volume between down link andup link is the same because typically a video serviceneeds symmetric tra�c. It is di�erent in data traf-�c, it shows that the tra�c data volume will increasebased on the typical usage assumption. The tra�cvolume year 2020 is almost double to that of year2015, and 2012 respectively. The typical tra�c datais asymmetric. Table 9 below shows the number of

Table 7: Type of services and bit rate requirement.

Type of Bit rate requirementServices 2012 2015 2020Voice 12.2 kbps 12.2 kbps 12.2 kbps2 ways

512 kbps 512 kbps 512 kbpsVideoData

512 kbps 512 kbps 512 kbpsTransfer

sites required base on the number of subscriber di-vided into the number of subscriber per site. Thispaper is based on the assumption of three terms ofdeployment. It means that for 2012 until 2022, thereare only three periods of investment year. Numberof the subscriber is based on the data in the Table3, and the number of the subscriber per site is base

on the Table 8. By division the number of subscriberwith the number of the subscriber per site, it getsthe number of the sites required. Based on that cal-culation the number of sites required in Jakarta until2022 is 49 sites.

3. SIMULATION RESULTS AND ANALY-

SIS

Coverage estimation is used to determine the cov-erage area of each base station. Coverage estimationcalculates the area where base station can be heardby the users (receivers). It gives the maximum areathat can be covered by a base station. But it is notnecessary that an acceptable connection (e.g. a voicecall) between the base station and receiver can be es-tablished in coverage area. However, base station canbe detected by the receiver in coverage area. Cover-age planning includes radio link budget and coverageanalysis. Based on the calculation that is describedin the section 2.1 coverage approach, 140 sites using700 MHz are needed for public safety communicationin Jakarta area.

Coverage analysis fundamentally remains the mostcritical step in the design of LTE network. Radio linkbudget is at the heart of coverage planning, which al-lows the testing of path loss model and the requiredpeak data rates against the target coverage levels.The result is the e�ective cell range to work out thecoverage-limited site count. This requires the selec-tion of appropriate propagation model to calculatepath loss. With the knowledge of cell size estimatesand of the area to be covered, an estimate of the to-tal number of sites is found. This estimate is basedon coverage requirements and needs to be veri�ed forthe capacity requirements.

Capacity planning deals with the ability of the net-work to provide services to the users with a desiredlevel of quality. After the site coverage area is calcu-


Table 8: Tra�c pro�le base on generic tra�c model.

Year 2012 2015 2020Enter Total # Subs per Site 1188 subs 795 subs 507 subs

VoIP% Subs 100% 100% 100%

Tra�c Intensity/Sub/BH 25.00 mErl 25.00 mErl 25.00 mErlBHCA/Sub 0.50 0.50 0.50% Subs 50.0% 50.0% 50.0%

Two Way Tra�c Volume DL 43200 kbits 43200 kbits 43200 kbitsVideos /Sub/BH UL 43200 kbits 43200 kbits 43200 kbits

BHCA/sub 0.06 0.06 0.06% Subs 50.0% 50.0% 50.0%

Data Tra�c Volume DL 175000 kbits 175000 kbits 175000 kbitsTransfer /Sub/BH UL 43200 kbits 86400 kbits 150000 kbits

BHCA/sub 20.78 20.78 20.78

Table 9: Capacity calculation base on generic traf-�c.

InvestmentSubs Subs/Site

SitesYear Required

2012-2015 51510 1188 442015-2020 1474 795 22020-2022 1056 507 3Total 54040 2490 49

lated using coverage estimation, capacity related is-sues are analysed. This involves selection of site andsystem con�guration, e.g. channels used, channel el-ements and sectors. These elements are di�erent foreach system. Con�guration is selected such that itful�lls the tra�c requirements. In some wireless cel-lular systems, coverage and capacity are interrelated.Capacity based site count is then compared with thecoverage result and greater of the two numbers is se-lected as the �nal site count.

Based on the calculation is described in the Section2.2 capacity approach, 49 sites using 700 MHz areneeded for public safety communication in Jakartaarea.

In the cellular deployment, the maximum value[13] between coverage approach and capacity ap-proach will be used as a reference, so the value of140 sites is used to cover Jakarta area. The aim ofpublic safety communication services is to cover themaximum Jakarta area. In this paper, there are 5simulations result base on the required of the numberof demand and tra�c pro�le public safety commu-nications. The simulation results are : the numberof sites to cover Jakarta area, coverage signal levelof down-link, histogram of the signal level, coveragedata throughput of down-link, and histogram of thedata throughput.

Simulation A shows 140 e-Node B for cover Jakartaarea. This simulation shows homogeneous distanceamong each e-Node B and homogeneous antenna sec-tors. This is an ideal radio network planning deploy-

Fig.3: Simulation A : number of site to coverJakarta area since year 2012 to year 2022.

ment in cellular.Simulation B shows signal level for down link side

to cover Jakarta area. It means the signal level frome-Node B down to the user equipment. There aresix types of signal level. They are represented bydi�erent six colours. The range signal level in dBmis -60 to -110. The best signal level is -60 dBm andthe worst signal level is -110. It shows in simulationC histogram of signal level.

With the 144 km2 dense urban area and 564.96km2 urban area, the total target of coverage area is708.96 km2. Based on the simulations B and C above,the percentage of the value of signal level are :1. Coverage area with -60 dB or more is 9.5992 %2. Coverage area with -70 dB or more is 28.0309 %3. Coverage area with -70 dB to -80 dB is 60.132 %4. Coverage area with -80 dB to -90 dB is 2.2277 %5. Coverage area with -90 dB to -100 dB is 0.0103 %6. Coverage area with -100 dB to -110 dB is 0 %

In LTE network, by signal level of 90 dB it couldmake a good connection. Based on the value of sig-nal level -90 dB to -100 dB mentioned above, it showsthat the percentage coverage area is only 0.0103 %,


Fig.4: Simulation B : coverage signal level downlink, year 2012 to year 2022.

Fig.5: Simulation C : histogram of signal level isbased on coveraged areas.

Fig.6: Simulation E : histogram of data throughputis based on coveraged area.

it means that 99.987 % of Jakarta area has been cov-ered. It can be concluded that 99.987 % of Jakartaarea has a good connection with LTE network .

Simulation D shows data signal level for down linkside to cover Jakarta area. It means the signal levelfrom e-Node B down to the user equipment. Theyare represented by di�erent eight colours.

Simulation D and E show distribution of datathroughput based on coverage area It can be ex-plained as follows :1. Area with the data throughput 14 Mbps or moreis 91.5551 %2. Area with the data throughput 14 Mbps - 12 Mbpsis 4.9595 %3. Area with the data throughput 12 Mbps - 10 Mbpsis 0 %4. Area with the data throughput 10 Mbps - 8 Mbpsis 2.5164 %5. Area with the data throughput 8 Mbps - 6 Mbpsis 0.7582 %6. Area with the data throughput 6 Mbps - 4 Mbpsis 0.1993 %7. Area with the data throughput 4 Mbps - 2 Mbpsis 0.0114 %8. Area with the data throughput 2 Mbps - 0 Mbpsis 0 %

Based on the Table 7, the services requirements asfollows : voice 12.2 kbps , video call 512 kbps anddata transfer 512 kbps. Total requirement is 1036.2kbps (1.036 Mbps). Distribution data throughput 2Mbps - 0 Mbps is 0 %, it means that the value of therequirement data throughput 1.036 Mbps is 0 % too.It can be concluded that the whole data throughputrequired could be accommodated by LTE network.

4. CONCLUSIONS

Public safety communication is an essential systemfor public safety o�cer, hence the main purposes ofthis system can cover the whole Jakarta area. By us-ing cellular based public safety communication withits services voice, video, and data, communicationand coordination among the public safety users tobetter serve the public would be enhanced. The radionetwork planning has been investigated and demon-strated for the deployment at Jakarta area. The plan-ning has been designed based on LTE standard us-ing 700 MHz. The proposed planning uses 10 MHzfrequency bandwidth channel. In the design, it hastaken the number of cells by coverage approach andcapacity approach. Based on the coverage approach itis required 140 e-Node B in Jakarta area while basedon the capacity approach it is required 49 e-Node B.

Public safety communication is deployed for year2012 until year 2022 with the assumption of threeterms of deployment. In the capacity, model it showsthe minimum requirement for public safety still canbe accommodated until 2022 and Jakarta area it cancoverage too.


5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This work was partially supported by Alcatel-Lucent, Indonesia o�ce especially for the radio net-work planning tools.

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[6] 4G America. (2012, January). 3GPP Release 10.[Online]. Available: www.4gamericas.org.

[7] O�ce of Civil and Population Registra-tion Jakarta. (2011). The number of pop-ulation Jakarta province. [Online]. Available:http://www.kependudukancapil.go.id/index.php/statistik.

[8] H. Holma and A. Toskala, HSDPA / HSUPAfor UMTS, High Speed Radio Access for MobileCommunications, John Willey and Sons, Inc.,New York, 2006.

[9] International Association of Chiefs of Police.(2000). Police O�cer to Population Ratios. [On-line]. Available: http://www.theiacp.org

[10] National Planning and Development Board,Deputy of Human Resources Division, Di-rectorate of Health Nutrition of the Society.(2005). Kajian Kebijakan Perencanaan TenagaKesehatan (Indonesian). [Online]. Available:http://www.bappenas.go.id

[11] PT. Telkomsel Jakarta, �Jakarta map illustra-tion,� Jakarta clutter area category, pp. 1-20,2009.

[12] Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd, �CDMA networkplanning principles,â�� pp. 1-104, 2009.

[13] Nokia Siemens Network, �Radio Planning Ca-pacity,� pp. 1-38, 2009.

Gerson Damanik is a doctoral studentin the telecommunication �eld at Uni-versity of Indonesia, where his researchfocuses on the public safety communi-cations systems. He holds a bachelordegree in Informatic Management fromBudi Luhur University Jakarta, and aMaster's degree in TelecommunicationsManagement from University of Indone-sia. Mr. Gerson at this moment is work-ing at Ministry of Information and Com-

munications Technology Republic of Indonesia.

Djamhari Sirat received his Bachelorof Electrical Engineering from the Uni-versity of Indonesia in 1972, and his MScand Ph.D. in Micro Electronic from theUniversity of Manchester, UK in 1982and 1985, respectively. In 1972-1975 heworked on Elkom Laboratory Faculty ofEngineering the University of Indone-sia. In 1999-2001 he was a head of In-donesian Section of IEEE. In 1993-2001he worked with Directorate General of

Posts and Telecommunication Republic of Indonesia in somepositions. In 2001-2005 he was a Director General of Postsand Telecommunication Republic of Indonesia. Base on his al-most 15 years experiences working in the TelecommunicationRegulatory, Mr. Djamhari Sirat focused his research interestsin telecommunication policy and regulatory and strategic issuein telecommunication management �eld at the University ofIndonesia. Since 2010 he is a professor of TelecommunicationManagement at the University of Indonesia.

Dadang Gunawan received his en-gineer degree from the University ofIndonesia, Indonesia in 1983, and hisM.Eng. degree from Keio University,Japan in 1989, and his Ph.D. degreefrom University of Tasmania, Australiain 1995, all in Electrical Engineering.From 1983 till now, he is a senior lec-turer in Electrical Engineering Depart-ment University of Indonesia. Since2004 he is a Professor in Telecommuni-

cation & Signal Processing at the University of Indonesia. Hisresearch interests include wireless communications, signal pro-cessing and information theory, ICT Managements & StrategicIssues. He is a senior member of the IEEE.

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