13/2/08 fundamental analysis of development cycles at xstrata nsw mines acarp roadway development...
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13/2/08
Fundamental Analysis of Development Cycles at
Xstrata NSW Mines
ACARP Roadway Development Operator Workshops
March 2008
2
Introduction
Set out to benchmark the development rates across all XCN operations
It was known that support density had an effect, and initially this was judged to be the major determinant on rates
We were seeking to quantify the effect of support, and to find best practices across the group
3
Methodology
Collection of data at each mine • pillar geometry including boot position and lengths of overdrives• support density and associated times • process adopted - interaction of all equipment and functions• equipment type and associated times• crew sizes• electronic reporting on ABMs used at two mines• limited to two heading development
Data analysis• compilation of spreadsheet to simulate processes• inclusion of means of standardisation of support and equipment
for comparison of process steps
4
Spreadsheet
Logic built in to simulate • functions that had to wait for other functions to complete • parallel performance of functions• increasing length of wheeling time as pillar progressed• change of shunt and wait positions where applicable• support rules
Complexity increased from • Miner-bolter with one car (bolting and wheeling in parallel)
to• Bolter-miner with two cars (cutting, bolting and two cars
independently wheeling in parallel)
No allowance for delays – ideal process considered Set up in increments of 16m of roadway
5
Standard Cycles
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Belt
Rd
from
16m
to 3
2m
Belt
Rd
from
32m
to 4
8m
Belt
Rd
from
48m
to 6
4m
Belt
Rd
from
64m
to 8
0m
Belt
Rd
from
80m
to 9
6m
Belt
Rd
from
96m
to 1
04m
Belt
Rd
from
104
m to
120
m
Belt
Rd
from
120
m to
136
m
Belt
Rd
from
136
m to
152
m
Belt
Rd
from
152
m to
168
m
Cut
hrou
gh fr
om 0
m to
16m
Cut
hrou
gh fr
om 1
6m to
32m
Cut
hrou
gh fr
om 3
2m to
48m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
6m to
32m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 3
2m to
48m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 4
8m to
64m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 6
4m to
80
m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 8
0m to
96
m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 9
6m to
104
m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
04m
to 1
20m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
20m
to 1
36m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
36m
to 1
52m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
52m
to 1
68m
Proc
ess
Rat
e (m
/hr)
Mine A ABM25,SCx2
Mine B Superunit
Mine C 12CM12x2,SCx2
Mine D 12CM12x1,SCx1
Mine E ABM25,SCx1
Mine E 12CM12,SCx1
Mine F 12CM20,SCx1
Mine G 12CM30x2,SCx2
6
Standard Cycles – Average Rates
Process Rate (m/hr)
Mine B (miner-bolter) 7.5
Mine D (miner-bolter) 6.9
Mine E (bolter-miner) 5.0
Mine A (bolter-miner) 4.7
Mine F (miner-bolter) 4.4
Mine C (miner-bolter) 3.8
Mine E (miner-bolter) 3.6
Mine G (miner-bolter) 2.8
7
Support Observations
The amount of support required affects the process rate
The amount of support varies widely from mine to mine
Time taken to erect similar support is much the same from mine to mine
Differences exist in the time taken to set up for bolting, or to change from bolting mode to cutting mode
8
Standard Roof Support
Roof Support Density
(bolts/m)
Rib Support Density
(bolts/m)
Support Density
(bolts/m)
Mine D 2.7 0 2.7
Mine B 2.7 1.3 4
Mine F 4 0 4
Mine C 6 0 6
Mine A 4 4 8
Mine E 6 3 9
Mine G 8 4 12
XCN Comparable
4 2 6
9
Effect of Support Density on Rate
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Support Density (bolts/m)
Proc
ess
Rat
e (m
/hr)
Mine B
Mine D
Mine G
Mine F
Mine C
Mine A*
Mine E*
Mine E
10
Comparable Support
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Belt
Rd
from
16m
to 3
2m
Belt
Rd
from
32m
to 4
8m
Belt
Rd
from
48m
to 6
4m
Belt
Rd
from
64m
to 8
0m
Belt
Rd
from
80m
to 9
6m
Belt
Rd
from
96m
to 1
04m
Belt
Rd
from
104
m to
120
m
Belt
Rd
from
120
m to
136
m
Belt
Rd
from
136
m to
152
m
Belt
Rd
from
152
m to
168
m
Cut
hrou
gh fr
om 0
m to
16m
Cut
hrou
gh fr
om 1
6m to
32m
Cut
hrou
gh fr
om 3
2m to
48m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
6m to
32m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 3
2m to
48m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 4
8m to
64m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 6
4m to
80
m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 8
0m to
96
m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 9
6m to
104
m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
04m
to 1
20m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
20m
to 1
36m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
36m
to 1
52m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
52m
to 1
68m
Proc
ess
Rat
e (m
/hr)
Mine A ABM25,SCx2
Mine B Superunit
Mine C 12CM12x2,SCx2
Mine D 12CM12x1,SCx1
Mine E ABM25,SCx1
Mine E 12CM12,SCx1
Mine F 12CM20,SCx1
Mine G 12CM30x2,SCx2
11
Equipment Observations
Three pieces of equipment in the cut and load sub-process:
Miner – 4 types in XCN, each with different load out capacity, which varied ~100%
Car – both car capacity and car speed varied ~100%Feeder – discharge time through the feeder (or boot)
varied ~ 150%
Combination of these has a major effect on process rate
This combination is expressed as the rate at which the roof can be exposed for one round of support
12
Equipment Comparisons
Cut Time (min)
Wheel Time (min)
Discharge Time (min)
Total Time (min)
Advance
(m)
Exposure Rate
(m/hr)
Mine D 1.2 2.3 0.9 4.4 0.7 9.6
Mine B 1.3 2.5 0.9 4.7 0.75 9.5
Mine E 1.3 2.0 0.9 4.2 0.5 7.1
Mine E 1.7 2.0 0.9 4.6 0.5 6.5
Mine F 1.7 2.0 1.4 5.1 0.5 5.9
Mine C 1.3 2.3 1.6 5.2 0.47 5.4
Mine G 1.8 3.4 2.2 7.4 0.5 4.0
Mine A 1.9 2.5 2.2 6.6 0.4 3.6
XCN Comparable
1.4 2.2 1.3 4.9 0.5 6.1
13
Effect of Equipment on Rate – Normal Support
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0
Exposure Rate (m/hr)
Pro
cess
Rat
e (m
/hr)
Mine B
Mine D
Mine A*
Mine G
Mine E
Mine E*
Mine F
Mine C
14
Comparable Support,Comparable Equipment – Miner-bolter
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Belt
Rd
from
16m
to 3
2m
Belt
Rd
from
32m
to 4
8m
Belt
Rd
from
48m
to 6
4m
Belt
Rd
from
64m
to 8
0m
Belt
Rd
from
80m
to 9
6m
Belt
Rd
from
96m
to 1
04m
Belt
Rd
from
104
m to
120
m
Belt
Rd
from
120
m to
136
m
Belt
Rd
from
136
m to
152
m
Belt
Rd
from
152
m to
168
m
Cut
hrou
gh fr
om 0
m to
16m
Cut
hrou
gh fr
om 1
6m to
32m
Cut
hrou
gh fr
om 3
2m to
48m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
6m to
32m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 3
2m to
48m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 4
8m to
64m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 6
4m to
80
m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 8
0m to
96
m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 9
6m to
104
m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
04m
to 1
20m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
20m
to 1
36m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
36m
to 1
52m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
52m
to 1
68m
Proc
ess
Rat
e (m
/hr)
Mine C 12CM12x2,SCx2
Mine D 12CM12x1,SCx1
Mine E 12CM12,SCx1
Mine F 12CM20,SCx1
Mine G 12CM30x2,SCx2
15
Comparable Support,Comparable Equipment – Bolter-miner
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Belt
Rd
from
16m
to 3
2m
Belt
Rd
from
32m
to 4
8m
Belt
Rd
from
48m
to 6
4m
Belt
Rd
from
64m
to 8
0m
Belt
Rd
from
80m
to 9
6m
Belt
Rd
from
96m
to 1
04m
Belt
Rd
from
104
m to
120
m
Belt
Rd
from
120
m to
136
m
Belt
Rd
from
136
m to
152
m
Belt
Rd
from
152
m to
168
m
Cut
hrou
gh fr
om 0
m to
16m
Cut
hrou
gh fr
om 1
6m to
32m
Cut
hrou
gh fr
om 3
2m to
48m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
6m to
32m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 3
2m to
48m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 4
8m to
64m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 6
4m to
80
m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 8
0m to
96
m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 9
6m to
104
m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
04m
to 1
20m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
20m
to 1
36m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
36m
to 1
52m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
52m
to 1
68m
Proc
ess
Rat
e (m
/hr)
Mine A ABM25,SCx2
Mine E ABM25,SCx1
16
Equipment Capacity Matched to Process
Matched Not Matched
Mine A Miner, Car, Feeder
Mine B Miner, Car, Feeder
Mine C Miner, Car Belt
Mine D Miner, Car, Belt
Mine E Miner, Car, Feeder
Mine F Miner, Car Feeder
Mine G Miner, Car
17
Process Observations
Once support variations and equipment variations are levelled, the remainder of the variation is process application
18
Bolter-miner vs Miner-bolter
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Belt
Rd
from
16m
to 3
2m
Belt
Rd
from
32m
to 4
8m
Belt
Rd
from
48m
to 6
4m
Belt
Rd
from
64m
to 8
0m
Belt
Rd
from
80m
to 9
6m
Belt
Rd
from
96m
to 1
04m
Belt
Rd
from
104
m to
120
m
Belt
Rd
from
120
m to
136
m
Belt
Rd
from
136
m to
152
m
Belt
Rd
from
152
m to
168
m
Cut
hrou
gh fr
om 0
m to
16m
Cut
hrou
gh fr
om 1
6m to
32m
Cut
hrou
gh fr
om 3
2m to
48m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
6m to
32m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 3
2m to
48m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 4
8m to
64m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 6
4m to
80
m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 8
0m to
96
m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 9
6m to
104
m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
04m
to 1
20m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
20m
to 1
36m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
36m
to 1
52m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
52m
to 1
68m
Proc
ess
Rat
e (m
/hr)
Mine E 12CM12,SCx1
Mine E ABM25,SCx1
19
Effect of Number of Cars
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Belt
Rd
from
16m
to 3
2m
Belt
Rd
from
32m
to 4
8m
Belt
Rd
from
48m
to 6
4m
Belt
Rd
from
64m
to 8
0m
Belt
Rd
from
80m
to 9
6m
Belt
Rd
from
96m
to 1
04m
Belt
Rd
from
104
m to
120
m
Belt
Rd
from
120
m to
136
m
Belt
Rd
from
136
m to
152
m
Belt
Rd
from
152
m to
168
m
Cut
hrou
gh fr
om 0
m to
16m
Cut
hrou
gh fr
om 1
6m to
32m
Cut
hrou
gh fr
om 3
2m to
48m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
6m to
32m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 3
2m to
48m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 4
8m to
64m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 6
4m to
80
m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 8
0m to
96
m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 9
6m to
104
m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
04m
to 1
20m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
20m
to 1
36m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
36m
to 1
52m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
52m
to 1
68m
Proc
ess
Rat
e (m
/hr)
Mine E ABM25,SCx2
Mine E ABM25,SCx1
20
Effect of Mining Method
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Belt
Rd
from
16m
to 3
2m
Belt
Rd
from
32m
to 4
8m
Belt
Rd
from
48m
to 6
4m
Belt
Rd
from
64m
to 8
0m
Belt
Rd
from
80m
to 9
6m
Belt
Rd
from
96m
to 1
04m
Belt
Rd
from
104
m to
120
m
Belt
Rd
from
120
m to
136
m
Belt
Rd
from
136
m to
152
m
Belt
Rd
from
152
m to
168
m
Cut
hrou
gh fr
om 0
m to
16m
Cut
hrou
gh fr
om 1
6m to
32m
Cut
hrou
gh fr
om 3
2m to
48m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
6m to
32m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 3
2m to
48m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 4
8m to
64m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 6
4m to
80
m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 8
0m to
96
m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 9
6m to
104
m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
04m
to 1
20m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
20m
to 1
36m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
36m
to 1
52m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
52m
to 1
68m
Proc
ess
Rat
e (m
/hr)
Mine B 12CM12x2,SCx2
Mine B Superunit
21
Cut then Bolt vs Batch Bolt
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Belt
Rd
from
16m
to 3
2m
Belt
Rd
from
32m
to 4
8m
Belt
Rd
from
48m
to 6
4m
Belt
Rd
from
64m
to 8
0m
Belt
Rd
from
80m
to 9
6m
Belt
Rd
from
96m
to 1
04m
Belt
Rd
from
104
m to
120
m
Belt
Rd
from
120
m to
136
m
Belt
Rd
from
136
m to
152
m
Belt
Rd
from
152
m to
168
m
Cut
hrou
gh fr
om 0
m to
16m
Cut
hrou
gh fr
om 1
6m to
32m
Cut
hrou
gh fr
om 3
2m to
48m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
6m to
32m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 3
2m to
48m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 4
8m to
64m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 6
4m to
80
m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 8
0m to
96
m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 9
6m to
104
m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
04m
to 1
20m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
20m
to 1
36m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
36m
to 1
52m
Trav
el R
d fro
m 1
52m
to 1
68m
Proc
ess
Rat
e (m
/hr)
Mine C 12CM12x2,SCx2
Mine D 12CM12x1,SCx1
Mine E 12CM12,SCx1
Mine F 12CM20,SCx1
Mine G 12CM30x2,SCx2
22
Potential EvolutionStep 1 – Miner-bolter
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Bel
t R
d fr
om 1
6m t
o 32
m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 3
2m t
o 48
m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 4
8m t
o 64
m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 6
4m t
o 80
m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 8
0m t
o 96
m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 9
6m t
o 10
4m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 1
04m
to
120m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 1
20m
to
136m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 1
36m
to
152m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 1
52m
to
168m
Cut
hrou
gh f
rom
0m
to
16m
Cut
hrou
gh f
rom
16m
to
32m
Cut
hrou
gh f
rom
32m
to
48m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 1
6m t
o 32
m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 3
2m t
o 48
m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 4
8m t
o 64
m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 6
4m t
o 80
m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 8
0m t
o 96
m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 9
6m t
o 10
4m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 1
04m
to
120m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 1
20m
to
136m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 1
36m
to
152m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 1
52m
to
168m
met
res
/ ho
ur
12CM12,SCx1
23
Potential EvolutionStep 2 – Bolter-Miner
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Bel
t R
d fr
om 1
6m t
o 32
m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 3
2m t
o 48
m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 4
8m t
o 64
m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 6
4m t
o 80
m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 8
0m t
o 96
m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 9
6m t
o 10
4m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 1
04m
to
120m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 1
20m
to
136m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 1
36m
to
152m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 1
52m
to
168m
Cut
hrou
gh f
rom
0m
to
16m
Cut
hrou
gh f
rom
16m
to
32m
Cut
hrou
gh f
rom
32m
to
48m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 1
6m t
o 32
m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 3
2m t
o 48
m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 4
8m t
o 64
m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 6
4m t
o 80
m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 8
0m t
o 96
m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 9
6m t
o 10
4m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 1
04m
to
120m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 1
20m
to
136m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 1
36m
to
152m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 1
52m
to
168m
met
res
/ ho
ur
12CM12,SCx1
ABM25,SCx1
24
Potential EvolutionStep 3 – Bolter-Miner with 2 cars
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Bel
t R
d fr
om 1
6m t
o 32
m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 3
2m t
o 48
m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 4
8m t
o 64
m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 6
4m t
o 80
m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 8
0m t
o 96
m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 9
6m t
o 10
4m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 1
04m
to
120m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 1
20m
to
136m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 1
36m
to
152m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 1
52m
to
168m
Cut
hrou
gh f
rom
0m
to
16m
Cut
hrou
gh f
rom
16m
to
32m
Cut
hrou
gh f
rom
32m
to
48m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 1
6m t
o 32
m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 3
2m t
o 48
m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 4
8m t
o 64
m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 6
4m t
o 80
m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 8
0m t
o 96
m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 9
6m t
o 10
4m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 1
04m
to
120m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 1
20m
to
136m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 1
36m
to
152m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 1
52m
to
168m
met
res
/ ho
ur
12CM12,SCx1
ABM25,SCx1
ABM25,SCx2
25
Potential EvolutionStep 4 – Bolter-Miner with 2 cars and SDRBs
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Bel
t R
d fr
om 1
6m t
o 32
m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 3
2m t
o 48
m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 4
8m t
o 64
m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 6
4m t
o 80
m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 8
0m t
o 96
m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 9
6m t
o 10
4m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 1
04m
to
120m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 1
20m
to
136m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 1
36m
to
152m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 1
52m
to
168m
Cut
hrou
gh f
rom
0m
to
16m
Cut
hrou
gh f
rom
16m
to
32m
Cut
hrou
gh f
rom
32m
to
48m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 1
6m t
o 32
m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 3
2m t
o 48
m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 4
8m t
o 64
m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 6
4m t
o 80
m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 8
0m t
o 96
m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 9
6m t
o 10
4m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 1
04m
to
120m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 1
20m
to
136m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 1
36m
to
152m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 1
52m
to
168m
met
res
/ ho
ur 12CM12,SCx1
ABM25,SCx1
ABM25,SCx2
ABM25,SCx2,SDRB
26
Potential EvolutionStep 5 – Bolter-Miner with SDRBs and Cts Haulage
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Bel
t R
d fr
om 1
6m t
o 32
m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 3
2m t
o 48
m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 4
8m t
o 64
m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 6
4m t
o 80
m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 8
0m t
o 96
m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 9
6m t
o 10
4m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 1
04m
to
120m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 1
20m
to
136m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 1
36m
to
152m
Bel
t R
d fr
om 1
52m
to
168m
Cut
hrou
gh f
rom
0m
to
16m
Cut
hrou
gh f
rom
16m
to
32m
Cut
hrou
gh f
rom
32m
to
48m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 1
6m t
o 32
m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 3
2m t
o 48
m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 4
8m t
o 64
m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 6
4m t
o 80
m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 8
0m t
o 96
m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 9
6m t
o 10
4m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 1
04m
to
120m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 1
20m
to
136m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 1
36m
to
152m
Tra
vel R
d fr
om 1
52m
to
168m
met
res
/ ho
ur
12CM12,SCx1
ABM25,SCx1
ABM25,SCx2
ABM25,SCx2,SDRB
ABM25,CH, SDRB
27
Effect of Manning on Process Rate
Manning has little relationship to process rate, but the process must be manned so that it works as designed
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Manning per Miner
Pro
cess
Ra
te (
m/h
r)
28
Conclusion
Three measurable elements affect cycle time:• Support density• Equipment selection• Process application
You cannot affect the support densityYou can design your processYou can select your equipment to achieve your processYou must man your process to achieve it
29
Acknowledgements
Thanks to development operators, engineers and superintendents for their help in providing data and comment for this presentation.
Deming:
“ Your system is perfectly designed to give you the results that you get”