1325 in UN Peace Keeping MissionsMarch 31, 2014

Maud Edgren-SchoriPierre Schori

Maud Edgren-Schori

Indevelop/KtK

UN Resolution 1325:

Women, Peace and

Security (Global 4A)

http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home.html

1325 in UN peacekeeping missionsPresentation 1.00 – 5.00 PM

• Introduction (PS, ME-S)• UN Peace Keeping (PS)• Leg stretcher

• Gender Mainstreaming, Human Rights: guiding documents. Gender Advisor in the Field (ME-S)

• Break

• SC Resolutions and Mandates ONUCI (PS)• Responsibility to Protect - R2P (PS)• Group discussions• Leg stretcher

• Key issues from the group discussions. Q and A

Dag Hammarskjöld (1905 – September 18, 1961) served from April 1953 until his death in a plane crash. He is the only person to have been awarded the Nobel

Peace Prize posthumously.

C F Reuterswärd, 1980

The Blue Helmets were created by Hammarskjöld and his team.

Three guiding principles for PKO:s:

The UN Blue Helmets (1) shall have the consent of the parties, (2) be impartial and (3) use force only in self-defence or in defence of the mandate.

UN Peacekeeping

•Start in 1948: the Security Council authorized the deployment of UN military observers to the Middle East and Pakistan.

•The role of observers: monitor the Armistice Agreement

• between Israel and its Arab neighbors (UNTSO) and

• in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) Both missions continue operating to this day.

67 peacekeeping operations have been deployed by the UN, 54 of them since 1988. Over the years, hundreds of thousands of military personnel, as well as tens of thousands of UN police and other civilians from more than 120 countries have participated in UN peacekeeping operations.

The Suez and the Congo Crises

The earliest armed peacekeeping operation was the UN Emergency Force (UNEF) deployed successfully in 1956 to address the Suez Crisis.

The UN Operation in the Congo (ONUC) (1960): first large-scale mission having nearly 20,000 military personnel at its peak.

ONUC demonstrated the risks involved in trying to bring stability to war-torn regions – 250 UN personnel died while serving on that mission, including the Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjold.

UN PK workforce (March 2013)

77.891 troops, 1.802 military observers, 12.540 police personnel

5.090 international civilian personnel; 11.701 local civilian staff. 2.089 UN Volunteers 116 countries contributed

.

Gender Mainstreaming

… assessing the implications for women and men in any action, including legislation, politics and programmes

… making concerns and experiences of women and men an integral part of design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes, so that women an men benefit equally

Age and Sex Matter

Where, after all, do universal rights begin?Eleanor Roosevelt (1998)

–Commisssion on HR established 1946

– UDHR was adopted in 1948

– 9 HR conventions (1965 – 2006)

International Agreements

DECLARATION

Morally binding, not legally.

CONVENTION

Legally binding for the nations that

ratified

RESOLUTION

Binding when adopted by the SC

Gender Advisor UNDPassignments (examples)

• Training (In-house + partners)• Drafting of Policy documents (Gender

Policy Declaration/ Strategic Action Plan (CI) /National Gender Policy (L))

• Reviewing of Programs/Projects• Data collection/Needsassessment (G)• Developing programs: ”Women in

Peace and Reconciliation” (CI)• Resource mobilisation

Guiding documents• HR Conventions• Beijing Platform of Action (1995)• National policies on GE• UN Agencies gender policy

• UNSCR 1325/2000, 1820/2008,1888/2009,1960/2010, 2106/2013, 2122/2013

• UNSC resolutions • UN policies on Gender, Codes of Conduct,

etc.

Gaps in Gender Mainstreaming are caused by:

• Resistance

• Ignorance

• Indifference

Gender Perspective requires

• Knowledge

• Commitment

• Priority

• Resources

Key commitments in UN SC Resolution 1325(2000)

Women, Peace and Security

• Participation of women in peace processes on all levels

• Protection of women and girls, respect for their rights including elimination of SGBV

• Gender perspective in PKO

Who is responsible for implementing 1325 and other

UNSCR?

• UN Security Council• UN Secretary-General• UN Member States/TCCs• Armed groups – national militaries, rebel

groups, etc.• Humanitarian agencies• Mediators in peace negotiations

Established in 2004

March 2013:

• Troops 9.358 (113 w)

• Military Experts 193 (13 w)

• Police 509 (54 w)

• FPU 998 (0 w)

TCC in Côte d’Ivoire

• Bangladesh, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Chad, China, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, France, Gambia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea, India, Ireland, Jordan, Malawi, Morocco, Namibia, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, RoKorea, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Serbia, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Tanzania, Uruguay, Yemen, Zambia and Zimbabwe

Responsibility to protect (R2P)

Laurent Gbagbo, former President of Côte d’Ivoire

• Warrant of arrest issued 23 November 2011. Transfer to the ICC 30 November 2011. Charges hearing: 19-28 February 2013

Charges

Laurent Gbagbo allegedly bears individual criminal responsibility, as indirect co-perpetrator, for four (4) counts of crimes against humanity:

1) murder2) rape and other sexual violence3) persecution and 4) other inhuman acts, allegedly committed in the context of post-electoral violence in the territory of Côte d’Ivoire between 16 December 2010 and 12 April 2011

”The United Nations was not created to bring us to Heaven but to save us from Hell”

Discrimination of WomenCEDAW (1979) Definition

• any distinction, exclusion or restriction made on the basis of sex which has the effect or purpose of impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment or exercise by women, irrespective of the marital status, on a basis of equality of men and women, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural, civil or any other field.