1327662 chillventa 2010 natural refrigerants in denmark ver7

1327662_Chillventa 2010 Natural refrigerants in Denmark ver7.ppt

Applications with Natural Refrigerants

– country situation and experiences –

by

NATURAL REFRIGERANTS IN DENMARK

Situation and experiences

By

SVENN HANSEN, Information Centre for HFC Free Cooling

Teknologiparken, Kongsvang Allé 29, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark

Phone: +45 7220 1800, Mail: [email protected], Internet: www.hfc-fri.dk

<< Company Logo >>

Nuremberg, 14 October 2010

Background – A few facts about Denmark

Reference: CIA´s ”The World Factbook”

Danish refrigeration business

Approx. 60-80 production companies

Components and units.

Advansor, Carrier Refrigeration Denmark

(former Birton), Danfoss, Gram Commer-

cial, Johnson Controls Denmark, Nilan,

Vestfrost …

Approx. 350-450 installation companies

A few big, some medium-sized and many

small companies.

Carrier Refrigeration Denmark (former

Birton), Findan-group, Johnson Controls

Denmark, Knudsen Køling, Super Køl,

Vojens Køleteknik …

4 wholesalers + 15-20 minor agents

ahlsell, H. Jessen Jürgensen, FK Teknik,

Air-Con Danmark …

Approx. 40-50 consultants

Wholesalers, DTI, Rambøll, COWI,

Gromtmij | Carl Bro …

Danish population:

5.5 million


Background - Legislation in Denmark

CFC´s phased-out in the early 1990s (Danish Ministry of the Environment EPA)

Prohibition and limitations for substances with ozone depletion potential

HFC taxes from 01.03.2001 (Danish Ministry of Taxes)

Tax on substances with ozone depletion potential and global warming potential

Tax imposed on all refrigerants for old and new plants

Regulation only applicable to products used in Denmark

Tax imposed on imported product with greenhouse gases

R134a: 130 DKK/kg (17.2 EUR/kg), R404A: 378 DKK/kg (49.9 EUR/kg)

HFC ban and phase-out from 2006/2007 (Danish Ministry of the Environment EPA)

Regulation of industrial gases with global warming potential (150g<charge<10 kg)

Regulation only applicable to new systems

Service can continue on existing systems after 2006

After 2007 further import prohibited

The European Parliament and the Counsil

Regulation (EC) No 842/2006 of 17 May 2006 on fluorinated greenhouse gasses.



Authorization system (Danish Working Environment Authority WEA)

Legislation about use of pressurized equipment (BEK no. 100 of 31/01/2007)

Appendix 7 Refrigeration systems and heat pumps

1. Refrigerants

Group 1: Dangerous media, Group 2: Other media

2. Placement of equipment

Separate machine rooms if >25 kg, alarms and safety switch if >10 m3

3. Machine room

Below ground level, code of good practise, no other installations, escape routes

4. Inspection and maintenance

Inspections of vessels and pipes, yearly inspections of plants >1 kg, inspections and

maintenance by competent persons, authorized work if >2.5 kg

5. Qualifications for technicians and for companies

Types of plants: A, B, C, D, E (size of charge and group of media)



Appendix 7 about refrigeration systems and heat pumps, continued …

5.1 Plant types

A: Plants with 2.5 kg <charge< 50 kg, group 2 (basic certificate)

B: Plants with 2.5 kg <charge, group 2 (intermediate certificate)

C: Plants with 2.5 kg <charge< 50 kg, group 1 and 2 (extended basic certificate)

D: Plants with 2.5 kg <charge, group 1 and 2 (extended certificate)

E: Plants A, B, C or D, where technician are employed (special certificate)

5.2 Qualifications for different jobs

Installation, start-up, yearly inspections, repair, maintenance, disposal

5.3 Technicians

Persons over 18 years with necessary qualifications and instructions

Company must be able to document technicians’ competence

5.4 Authorized companies

Companies must be competent and approved (authorized) by WEA

Demands for companies, their equipment and quality procedures


Status of national legislation on F-gasses in Denmark 2008


BACKGROUND

1996 The Danish Minister for Environment states the following:

”I want a phase-out in ten year’s time in new equipment or

products within the cooling industry”

HOW DENMARK DID IT

Tax: Adopted by Parliament December 15, 2001

Phase-out: Signed by the Minister for the Environment July 2,

2002

DOES IT WORK ?????

Simple answer YES

Frank Jensen

Danish EPA, Chemical Division



STATUS 2008

Dialogue with industry and organisations

Exemptions has to be well-defined

Industry has to meet the challenges in a positive way

- without trying to find loopholes

10 kg limit has been the greatest challenge

CONCLUSIONS

Very clear political signals and support are essential

Use of non-HFC alternatives is possible for most applications

Need flexibility from the authorities (within well-defined limits)

Significant reductions can be achieved

- without extraordinary economic costs

Frank Jensen




0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

10

00

to

ns

CO

2 p

er

ye

ar

Non-legislation

Legislation

Frank Jensen




About competence and technology

Design and installation, operation, service and maintenance;

Qualified, competent and skilled personnel - training, certification, etc.

Availability, cost, safety, regulations;

Access to refrigerant and components, expenses, risk management, restrictions in use

A B

Competence

company / person

Knowledge (school, education, courses, viisits, meetings, seminars)

Skills (practical training, experience, exercise)

In-competece

Un-experience

Competence

Experience

A B

Technology

systems / components

Research and development (experiments, labtests, prototypes)

Production and sales (performance, efffiency, reliable, proven, price, competitive)

Standards and legislation (safety, environment)

Immature

Demonstration

Mature

Fully developed


Instruction and training - theory and hands-on

Basic education, courses, seminars, conferences …

Schools, Universities, R&D Institutes, Centres …

Training equipment

Classroom and instruction


DTI´s course: CO2 - principles and ”hands-on”

Principles (1 day):

Basics about CO2 as a refrigerant

Materials, components and connections

Safety

System designs (sub- and trans critical, indirect)

100% in class-room

Hands-on (1 day):

Basics about CO2 as a refrigerant

Materials, components and connections

Safety

Practical training with CO2-systems in laboratory

System designs (sub- and trans critical, indirect)

80% practical training

Trans critical system

Cascade system

Trans critical system

Standard courses in-house

Tailor-made external courses

Transportable training systems


Educational challenges

… when dealing with CO2 and other natural refrigerants

Issues

Current skill level of the industry

CO2 expertise is critical to the growth potential of CO2

What the industry needs to do to get up to speed in order to implement CO2 systems

Effective guidelines for designing and implementing a CO2 system

Competent instructors

Training facilities and equipment

Much larger switch-over within refrigeration trade compared to phase-out of CFC

Important for everyone to start “early” and obtain their own experience


Visits and lectures on new cases

Several meetings and seminars held on new cases with HFC free cooling

A very effective way to transfer knowledge and experience from demo systems!

Typically arranged by two Danish Refrigeration Associations

(“Selskabet for Køleteknik” and “Dansk Køleforening”)

A 2-day conference called ”Danish days of Refrigeration” is held every

year with 2-3 parallel sessions - and exhibition


Information Centre for HFC Free Cooling


Information Centre for Sustainable Technology ICST

A new international neutral technological un-political and transparent platform is

being established by DTI:

”International Information Centre for Sustainable Refrigeration and Heat

Pump Technology” (ICST)

For everybody, who deals with all types of refrigerant applications

A global alliance for “the right selection of refrigerant for the application”

The primary tool is to give everybody worldwide access to updated network and

knowledge on this international web-portal – in English language.

www.refrigerantfactbook.com


Know-how and experience in Denmark

Consultancy, technical advice and assistance …

Consultants, installers, producers, wholesalers, colleagues, fairs, interest groups …

Cases:

The world’s first HFC free

McDonald’s Restaurant

Opened december 2002

R744 CO2 and R290 propane for Walk-in refrigerating and freezing rooms

R744 CO2 for HVAC system

Walk-in

Restaurant

HVAC system


Applications with natural refrigerants in Denmark

General impression

Ammonia NH3 (R717, R723)

Standard for industrial applications – just as before

Chillers for A/C

Units for large heat pump installations

HydroCarbons HC´s (R170, R290, R600a, R1270)

Air or water cooled units for applications with indirect systems

Heat pumps

Carbondioxide CO2 (R744)

Few subcritical and mostly transcritical CO2-units for supermarkets, industry,

A/C, heat pumps, indirect systems, …

Systems with natural refrigerants are available and being used for many

applications – designed according to standards and legislation


Situation and experiences in Denmark 2010 (now)

Frank Jensen


According to wholesalers


Some increasing activity - business as usual.

Smaller plants than before are built in small numbers


Decreasing activity in general, but increasing activity for chillers and maybe heat

pumps, due to high COP’s


Relatively high and increasing level of activity, components available, transitional

period over.

Subcritical applications is OK, only few can design and build transcritical

systems.

Fear for complexity and high pressures is decreasing.

Continues …



Frank Jensen


According to wholesalers

Continued …

HydroFlouroCarbons HFC´s (R134a, R404A, R507C, R410A, R507A)

Decreasing activity

Still standard type of refrigerant for ”small” systems (150 g < charge < 10 kg)

Typically up to 2-3 systems in parallel - each with less than 10 kg charge.

Still a lot of brine systems are made in special ”Danish Versions” with charge

under 10 kg

Refrigerants and components are available …

Only few and small contractors are ”hit” hard by the danish legislation

Wants same legislation as in other countries – no special regulations in DK



Frank Jensen


According to installers (contractors)


Around 10-15 % of companies use ammonia, increasing trend


Only few companies work with HC´s


More than 25 % of the companies now have a lot of experience with CO2 and are

capable of handling CO2-designs similar to designs for other refrigerants.

Energy efficiency of CO2-systems is now being competitive with previous levels of

similar HFC-applications.

HydroFlouroCarbons HFC´s (R134a, R404A, R507C, R410A, R507A)

Everybody are using HFC´s

Danish installers have gained competence and know how to select refrigerant

and design systems for normal applications


Final remarks and conclusions

The presentation has given a picture of todays situation and experience in Denmark:

DK authorities have added tax on HFC s and phase-out HFC s since 2006/2007

Authorities have requirements for competence of technicians and companies

Danish EPA: Regulations with tax and phase-out worked

Needed: Competent companies and persons, mature fully developed technology

Instruction and training needed to give and build up competence to installers

Visits and lectures about new cases are very effective for transfer of experience

Information Centre for HFC Free Cooling offers assistance - free of charge

Mc Donald´s first HFC-free restaurant has been in operation in Denmark since 2002

Systems with natural refrigerants are available and being used for many applications

Refrigerants and components are available

Wholesalers wants same legislation as in other countries – no special DK-regulations

Activity levels; Ammonia ( ), HydroCarbons ( ), Carbondioxide ( )

Installers know how to select refrigerant and design systems for normal applications

Refrigeration business have passed transitional stage and now works ”normal”


Thank you for your attention!

A B

Competence

company / person

In-competece

Un-experience

Competence

Experience

A B

Technology

systems / components

Immature

Demonstration

Mature

Fully developed

Final remarks and conclusions

1327662 chillventa 2010 natural refrigerants in denmark ver7

Documents