13.umts radio network planning process-65

8/12/2019 13.UMTS Radio Network Planning Process-65

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Content

UMTS Technical FeaturesUMTS Network Planning Process


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Propagation of Electromagnetic wave straight, reflection,scattering, diffractionRadio signal fading includes 3 parts:

Path loss: fading with distance between transmitter and receiver Large scale fading middle amplitude of fading with log normaldistribution, slow fading, caused by shadow effectSmall scale fading: small amplitude of fading with rapid change,

fast fading, caused by multi-path effect.

Radio Propagation Feature

= +

+

Pathloss

Slow fading

Fast fading

distance

Signal Rx Level


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Multi-Address Technology

FDMADifferent channels at different

frequencies, such as AMPS andTACS.

TDMADifferent channels at the samefrequency are distinguished bytimeslots, such as GSM.

CDMADifferent channels at the same timeand frequency are distinguished bydifferent codes, such as UMTS.


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Self-Interfering System

SourceShared frequency spectrum causedintra-frequency interference, multi-Path

effect, difficult to implement perfectorthogonality with ideal self correlationand cross correlation.

PhenomenonNoise rise, soft capacity

SolutionPower control, admission control, loadcontrol and careful network planning

One of radio network planning

goals is to minimize self-interfering


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Power Escalation

Uplink noise rise increaseswith the number ofsubscribers non-linearly

Downlink Node B powerincreases with the numberof subscribers non-linearly


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Soft Capacity

Soft Capacity Cell Breathing


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Power Control

The signal for one subscriber is the noise to the others.The transmitted power should be controlled in order thatit would not block other subscribers.

Near - far effect

Node B

Node Bdespreading

despreading


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Soft Handover

Soft handover UE connects with more thanone radio links with differentNode B

Softer handover UE connects with more than

one radio links with the cellsin the same Node B

Hard handover

Intra-frequency hardhandover Inter-frequency hardhandover

Inter-RAT hard handover

RL1

RL2


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Coverage and Capacity Relationship

135

140

145

150

155

160

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

throughput per sector [kbps]

M a x .

a l l o w e

d

p a t h l o s s

[ d B ]

downlink load

uplink load

NormallyCoverage is ULlimitedCapacity is DL

limited


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Demodulation threshold Eb/No

Eb indicates the signal energy per bit, Eb = S/R where S indicatessignal energy and R indicates service bit rate.

No indicates the noise spectrum density, No = N/W where W indicateschip rate (3.84 M) and N indicates noise.

Eb/No

Subscriber 1NoiseSubscriber 2

Subscriber 3

ProcessingGain(PG)

PG N

S

R

W

N

S

N

W

R

S

N

E

o

b ===


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Multi-Service Hybrid System

Different services have

different rates, and their

coverage ranges and

capacities are different.

Different proportions and

composition of hybrid service, with

different system capacities

64kbps service coverage




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Network Planning Goals

Fulfill operators requirement on coverage, capacity,and service quality, estimate network scale, minimize

investment, and simulate to verify.Predict network development trend, and prepare for

future development.

We should do

Maximize coverage in time and space.

Minimized intra-system interference to reach therequired service quality.

Optimize radio parameters to maximize servicequality.

With capacity and service quality fulfilled, minimizeequipment number and cost.

Goals


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Network Planning Policy

The purpose of radio network planning is to shortenthe investment return period than lower the CAPEX as

well as OPEX.Firstly for coverage, the solution is:

point coverage

line coverage

plane coverage


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Content

UMTS Technical FeaturesUMTS Network Planning Process


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Planning Process - Requirement AnalysisRequirement Analysis

Sites Survey

Network Dimensioning

Pre-PlanningSimulation

Network Simulation

Propagation ModelTest and Calibration

Output PlanningReport

Sites Layout


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Requirement Analysis

Learn the customers requirement of coverage,capacity, and QoS.

Learn the landform and environments of the plannedarea.Learn the population distribution and average

income per person in the planned area.Learn information about the existing network in theplanned area.


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The purpose to sort the planning area is torefine network design and layout.

Different areas have different geographicalenvironment, vegetation distribution, and

building density.Different areas require different number of

Node B to meet the coverage requirement.

Planning Area Sorting

Requirement Analysis (Cont.)

Area type Area characters

Dense Urban Central business distric t, dense shopping center, dense residential area

Mean Urban Industrial park, shopping center, residential area

Suburban The edge of city, the center of vi llage and tow n

Rural Farm, the edge of vil lage and town


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Different areas have the different requirementsfor the service type coverage rate.

Different requirements for service type andcoverage rate in the same area will get differentnumber of Node B

Coverage Requirements 64 k CS

144k PS data

384k PS data



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No. of subscribers and their profile, traffic model,

service type , forecast, hot spots

Capacity Requirements



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0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

Load

N o

i s e R

i s e

Load increases, Coverage reduces , System unstable

Cell load



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The important building in the planning areaThe information of traffic line, just as highway

The important villages and towns in the planning area

Other information



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Planning Process Propagation ModelRequirement Analysis

Sites Survey



Network Simulation



Sites Layout


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Free Space Propagation Loss

22

2

)4()(

d GGP

d P r t t r =

Pt: TX power

Pr(d): Rx power Gt: Gain of TX antenna

Gr: Gain of RX antenna

d: Distance between TX and RX antennasPL: Pathloss in free space

==

22

2

)4(log10log10)( d PP

dBPL r t


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=

d Loss

4lg20

f d FreeLoss lg20lg2044.32 ++=

Free Space Propagation Loss

d


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Radio Propagation Model

Factors in radio propagation model:In the space propagation, many factors enter into radio wave loss,including ground absorption, reflection, refraction and diffraction,

while these factors are inapplicable for the propagation lossformula in free space;While planning and constructing a mobile communication network,you have to make detailed study about electric wave propagation

features and field strength prediction before determiningfrequency band, frequency allocation and radio wave coverage,calculating communication probability and inter-systemelectromagnetic interference, and finally defining radio equipmentparameters;The radio propagation model presents the designer anapproximate propagation effect in the practical propagationenvironment to estimate the space propagation loss. Therefore,the propagation model veracity determines whether the cell

planning is reasonable.


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The propagation environment plays an important rolein setting up a radio propagation model. Thepropagation environment in a special region consistsof the following factors:

Terrains (mountains, hills, plain or water area)Number, height, distribution and material features of buildingsVegetation featuresWeather conditions

Natural or man-made electromagnetic noiseWorking frequency of systemMovement of mobile station


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Model Name Frequency Range

Okumura-Hata 150 MHz1500 MHz macro cell

Cost231-Hata 150 MHz2000 MHz macro cell

Cost231 Walfish-Ikegami 800 MHz2000 MHz micro cell

Keenan-Motley 900 MHz and 1800 MHz indoor environment

General model 150 MHz2000 MHz macro cell


Improvement to the space free loss formula:


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( ) mmbb C Ahd hh f Pathloss +++= lglg55.69.44log82.13lg9.333.46

f -refers to carrier, unit: MHz, applicable for 150 MHz2000 MHz

bh -refers to BS antenna height, unit: m, effective height 30 m200 m

d -refers to the distance from mobile station to antenna, unit: Km

m Ah -refers to mobile station antenna height correction factor

mC -refers to city center correction factor, 3 dBm for large citiesand 0 dBm for middle- and small-size cities

Cost231-Hata Model


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General Model

K1-Fading Constant

K2-Distance Fading Coefficient

K3 K4-Mobile Station Antenna Height calibrationCoefficient

K5 K6-Base Station Antenna Height calibrationCoefficient

K7-Diffraction calibration Coefficient

Clutterloss-Calibration Value of Physiognomy Fading

D-Distance between base station and mobile station (km)

Hms -Mobile Station Antenna Effective Height (m)

Heff-Base Station Antenna Effective Height (m)

sClutterlosnlossdiffractioK

d Heff K Heff K

HmsK HmsK d K K PathLoss

++

+++++=

)(7

)log()log(6)log(5

)log(43)log(21

Propagation Model Selection


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Propagation Model Test

Test sites should be selected from each

environment categories.To cover enough clutters.

The testing site shall be free of visibleobstructions around.

The testing site shall be higher than thesurrounding buildings.

Site Selection


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Propagation Model Test (Cont.)

All directions from the testing site should be included.

The vehicle should take a route to or fromthe testing site in the shape of 8, net, ring,

or spiral, with a constant speed.

Route Selection


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Propagation Model Calibration (Cont.)

Distance Filtration.Intensity Filtration.

Land Feature Filtration

Data Process


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Planning Process Network DimensioningRequirement Analysis

Sites Survey



Network Simulation



Sites Layout


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Link budget

Capacity analysisGive need analysis report, and estimate the Numberof NodeBs in the planned area.


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Input:system load requirment and coverage requirement

Uplink coverageestimation

Quantity of BSssatisfying uplink

coverage

Downlink coverageestimation

Quantity of BSssatisfying downlink

coverage

Compare the results

and evaluate thelarger one

Uplink capacityestimation

Quantity of BSssatisfying uplink

capacity

End

Based on traffic type Based on power

Quantity A of channels to be

provided by every cellon the downlink

Quantity B of channels availably

provided by everycell on the downlink

A d d B

S s

No

Yse

A


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Link Budget

PA

Feeder loss

Path Loss

Antenna Gain

Penetration Loss

Receiver Sensitivit y

Margin

Body Loss

UE Power

BS Power


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Planning Process Pre-Planning SimulationRequirement Analysis

Sites Survey



Network Simulation



Sites Layout


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Pre-Planning Simulation

Verify estimation with simulation

Give suggestions for Node B layout, location, and

area.

Guide site survey work

Existing sites sources

Propagation model

Traffic model


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Planning Process Sites SurveyRequirement Analysis

Sites Survey



Network Simulation



Sites Layout


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Sites Survey

To get the necessary data needed by network

planning and simulation

To learn geographical environment and radio

environment of the site

To learn the condition of building site

To learn the traffic distribution of planning area

To provide the candidate sites for planning area


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Site Survey

Convenience in traffic, reliability in city power supply, lightning protection and

grounding, small floor space;Network construction initial stage, ensure the coverage and quality of VIP

subscribers and the area with high user density ;

Under the condition of no effects to the site layout, should choose the currently

existed sites as the candidate sites and utilize their equipment room, power supply,tower, etc. ;

Avoid the site location which is close to radar, if necessary, for the security

factors, should apply the correspond methods to avoid the mutually interference ;

Avoid to locate the site on the mountain, in the forest ;

Avoid to select the sites which will be affected by the potential constructed

buildings .

Site Selection Principles


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Site Survey

Site information: site name, site address, latitude,longitude, building height, tower height

Radio Parameter: azimuth angle, down-tilt, antenna heightantenna type, diversity type and separationRadio environment descriptionInterfering source

Data Recording


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Planning Process Network SimulationRequirement Analysis

Sites Survey



Network Simulation



Sites Layout


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Network Simulation

Input several optional solutions

simultaneously.Simulate all optional solutions.Select the most appropriate solutionaccording to the simulation result.


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Best server

Over shoot

Over shoot erased


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Pilot strength-CPICH RSCP


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Pilot strength

No continuouscoverage of pilot

Continuouscoverage of pilot


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Pilot Ec/Io

Pilot quality improved

Pilot quality not good


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Soft handover probability

Pilot pollution The number of


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Pilot pollution-The number of pilot polluters


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Service coverage probability

Coverage probabilityimproved

Coverage probabilitynot good


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Statistics reportSimulation Statistics Analysis


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Statistics report (Cont.)

Comparison between simulation and drive


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Comparison between simulation and drivetest data

Comparison between simulated and testednetwork performance

Calculate the difference ofsimulated and tested Ec andEc/Io in each binStatistics on thousands ofsamplesMade comparison for 3 trialUMTS networks in China: Beijing,Shanghai, Guangzhou



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Comparison shows that the planned network can predict

the performance of real network quite well

Planning Process Output Planning


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Planning Process Output PlanningReport

Requirement Analysis

Sites Survey



Network Simulation



Sites Layout


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Planning Report Output

Report contentsNetworking requirements for the UMTS networkService model and demand analysisRadio network scale estimationPolicy and principle analysisNetworking proposal and solution to network construction by

stages Attachment contents

Propagation model test result

BS address survey tableBS engineering parameter tableRadio parameter configuration tableNetwork diagram and site layout diagramsimulation result report


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13.umts radio network planning process-65

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