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14. Motherboards Dezső Sima Fall 2006 D. Sima, 2006

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14. Motherboards. Dezső Sima Fall 2006.  D. Sima, 2006. Overview. 1 Predecessors. 2 Desktop motherboards. 2.1 Overview. 2.2 AT. 2.3 Baby AT. 2.4 LPX. 2.5 ATX. 2.6 NLX. 2.7 BTX. 3 Server/workstation motherboards. 4 Overview of the evolution of motherboards. 1. Predecessors (1). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: 14. Motherboards

14. Motherboards

Dezső Sima

Fall 2006

D. Sima, 2006

Page 2: 14. Motherboards

2 Desktop motherboards•

2.2 AT•

Overview

3 Server/workstation motherboards•

1 Predecessors•

2.4 LPX

• 2.3 Baby AT

2.5 ATX•

2.7 BTX

• 2.6 NLX

2.1 Overview•

4 Overview of the evolution of motherboards•

Page 3: 14. Motherboards

1. Predecessors (1)

Figure 1.1: Main features of early IBM/PCs

Baby AT

AT

Min. on-board

Max. on-board Size KB 8-bit 16-bit inches mm

IBM/PC 5150 8/81 8088 4.77 16 KB 64 KB Soldered+DIPP no no 5 -

IBM/PC-XT 5160 Mod. 087 3/83 8088 4.77 128 KB 256 KB DIPP no 360 K 10 MB 8 - 8.5"*12" 216*305

5170 Mod. 068 8/84 80286 6 256 KB 512 KB no 1.2 M -

5170 Mod. 099 8/84 80286 6 512 KB 512 KB no 360 K 20 MB 2 6 12"*13.8" 305*350 Type 1 MOB

Mod. 239 10/85 80286 6 512 KB 512 KB no 720 K 30 MB 2 6 9.3"*13.8" 238*350 Type 2 MOB

Mod. 319 4/86 80286 8 512 KB 512 KB 1.44 M 30 MB 2 6 9.3"*13.8" 238*350 Type 2 MOB

Mod. 339 4/86 80286 8 512 KB 512 KB 1.44 M 30 MB 2 6 9.3"*13.8" 238*350 Type 2 MOB

IBM/PC XT-286 9/86 80286 6 640 KB 1.2 M 20 MB

Motherboard sizeFDChipset

HDMemory size No. of ISA slotsRemarks

IBM/PC-AT

Date of Proc. fcDesignation Type Type

Mhzintro. type

Memory

1

1

BASIC compiler in PROM, up to two optional

5162 640 KB

DIPP

DIPP

DIPP

DIPP

DIPP

DIPP+SIMM/30

no

no

no

(standard)

5 1/4

31/2

5 1/4

5 1/4

5 1/4

31/2

31/2

(standard)MB

2 6

3 5

12"*13.8"

8.6"*13"

305*350

218*330

Type 1 MOB

5 1/4FD with 160 KB/diskette, the max. on-board memory was increased to 256 KB in 3/83.2

3

3

4

2

Several further models followed with enhanced features.

84-Key keyboard.

4

101-Key keyboard.

4

Page 4: 14. Motherboards

1. Predecessors (2)

Figure 1.2: The motherboard of the IBM PC

5x ISA/16

Source: http://www.tomh.net/museum/mobo/pccassif.html

Keyboard

Casette

DMAvezérlő

ParallelI/O

Intel 8088CPU

8087 arithm.proc. socket

RAM

16-64 kbyteor

64-256 kbyte

ROM

PC

Page 5: 14. Motherboards

1. Predecessors (3)

Min. on-board

Max. on-board 8-bit 16-bit Inches mm

11/82 8088 4.77 128 KB 256 KB Soldered no 5 -

10/83 8088 4.77 128 KB 640 KB

DIPP

no yes 5 - 372*180

6/84 80286 8 128 KB 640 KB

4/85 80286 8 256 KB 2125 KB yes 3 5 8.6"*13" 330*218

4/85 80286 8 256 KB 640 KB yes 3 2 8.6"*13" 330*218

2/86 80286 8 128 KB 640 KB

8 -

~12"*10" 302*256

9/86 80386 16

Motherboard size

Chipset IDEMemory size No. of ISA slots

RemarksDate of Proc. fc

Designation TypeMhz

intro. typeMemory

1

1

The Compaq Portable delivered 3/83 was the first 100x compalible IBM/PC clone.

Compaq Portable

Compaq Portable Plus

Compaq Deskpro

Compaq Desktop 286

Compaq Portable 286

Compaq Portable II

Compaq Deskpro 386

DIPP

DIPP

DIPP yes

332*333

Figure 1.3: Main features of early COMPAQ PCs

Baby AT

Page 6: 14. Motherboards

Figure 2.1: Genealogy of major form factors

2. Main types of motherboards

2.1. Overview (1)

92 93 94 95 96 97 98 999190 02 030100 04 05898887868584

9/03

12/99

1/98

8/95

11/961987

~1985

AT

Baby AT

8/84

1

1

LPX2

2

ATX3

3

4

NLX4 ATX w/riser5

5

microATX6

6

7

picoBTX7

microBTX7

BTX7

Baby AT: Smaller board size through higher integrated components (chip sets)

Non-standardized slimline design with a central mounted riser card allowing 2-3 expansion slots

Through better component arrangement reduced cost and EMI emission, integrated AGP (from version 2.02 on)

Standardized, improved slimline design with an edge mounted riser card, integrated AGP

Low cost slimline ATX design by using a riser card with 2-3 expansion slots

Reduced size low cost ATX design with up to four expansion slots

In-line core layout to improve system cooling with scalable board dimensions

Chipsets Slimboxes

Enhancedversion

Valueoriented

Efficientcooling

Enhancedversion

Valueoriented

Page 7: 14. Motherboards

Figure 2.2: Introducing new types of system architectures

2.1. Overview (2)

92 93 94 95 96 97 98 999190 02 030100 04 05898887868584

9/03

12/99

1/98

8/95

11/961987

~1985

AT

Baby AT

8/84

LPX2

ATX3

NLX4 ATX w/riser5

microATX6

picoBTX7

microBTX7

BTX7

PCI

Page 8: 14. Motherboards

1987 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 1995

ISA

8.33 MHz8/16-bit

EISA

8.33 MHz32-bit

PCI33 MHz32-bit

PCI v.2

33 MHz64-bit

PCI v.2.11

33/66 MHz32/64-bit

Figure 2.3: Introducing the PCI bus

Page 9: 14. Motherboards

92 93 94 95 96 97 98 999190 02 030100 04 05898887868584

9/03

12/99

1/98

8/95

11/961987

~1985

AT

Baby AT

8/84

LPX

ATX

NLX ATX w/riser

microATX

picoBTX

microBTX

BTX

PCI HUB architecture

Figure 2.2: Introducing new types of system architectures

2.1. Overview (2)

Page 10: 14. Motherboards

P

MCH

ICH

HUB architecture

P

System contr.

Perif. contr.

PCI architecture

PCI

ISA PCI

Figure 2.4: Contrasting the PCI and the HUB architectures

Page 11: 14. Motherboards

Figure 2.5: Introducing new types of memory modules

92 93 94 95 96 97 98 999190 02 030100 04 05898887868584

9/03

12/99

1/98

8/95

11/961987

~1985

AT

Baby AT

8/84

LPX

ATX

NLX ATX w/riser

microATX

picoBTX

microBTX

BTX

SIMM/72 DIMM/168

2.1. Overview (3)

Page 12: 14. Motherboards

Figure 2.6: Introducing new types of buses

92 93 94 95 96 97 98 999190 02 030100 04 05898887868584

9/03

12/99

1/98

8/95

11/961987

~1985

AT

Baby AT

8/84

LPX

ATX

NLX ATX w/riser

microATX

picoBTX

microBTX

BTX

PCI ATAUSB

AGP AC ‘97SATA

PCI-ELPC

2.1. Overview (4)

Page 13: 14. Motherboards

Figure 2.7: Salient features of major form factors

2.1. Overview (5)

AT

Baby AT

LPX (Western Digital)

NLX

ATX

MicroATX

BTX

MicroBTX

PicoBTX

Type of Typical board measures (W*D) CaseDate ofintro.

Quasi-standard 12"*13.8"

9.6"*9.6"

mm

244*244

8.6"*13" (~9"-13")

9"*13" (~9"-13")

(8"-9")*(10"-13.6")

12"*9.6" (~7"-9.6")

12.8"*10.5"

10.4"*10.5"

8"*10.5"

305*244 (~178-244)

325*267

305*350

218*330 (~229-330)

229*330 (~229-330)

(203-229)*(254-345)

Full AT, Full Tower

Baby AT

ATX

Slimline

264*267

203*267

8/84

~1985

~1987

8/95

9/03

9/03

9/03

strandard inches

11/96

1/98

Quasi-standard

Quasi-standard

Standard

Standard

Standard

Standard

Standard

Standard

Slimline

W: Maximum allowable widthD: Maximum allowable depth

Typ. nr. of I/O-slots

ATX with riser 12/99 Standard

MicroATX with riser 12/99 Standard Slimline

Slimline

8

7/8

3/4

7

3/4

7

4

4

1

2/3

2/3

MicroATX

BTX

MicroBTX

PicoBTX

9.6"*9.6"

12"*9.6" (~7"-9.6")

244*244

305*244 (~178-244)

Page 14: 14. Motherboards

305K

BD

8/16-bit ISA slots

DIPP

CPU(286)

PC

KBD

350

2.2. AT (1)

Figure 2.8: Layout of an AT-motherboard

Page 15: 14. Motherboards

2.2. AT (2)

Figure 2.9: The motherboard of the IBM PC/AT

2x 8 bit/5x 16 bit

ISA

Keyboard

Intel 8088CPU

8087 arithm.proc. socket

DRAM512 Kbyte

PC

Source:http://library.thinkquest.org/18268/photos.htm

Page 16: 14. Motherboards

2.2. AT (3)

This is a Western Digital Disk Drive Interface Card. This is a Case Interface, both parallel and serial.

Figure 2.10: Adapter cards of the IBM PC/AT

Source:http://library.thinkquest.org/18268/photos.htm

Page 17: 14. Motherboards

2.3. Baby AT (1)

Power connector

CPU(386)

KBD

8/16-bit ISA slots

L2 cache DIPP

PC

SIMM/30

218

244

Figure 2.11: Layout of an early Baby AT-motherboard

Page 18: 14. Motherboards

2.3. Baby AT (2)

ISA/16 slots

CPU(Pentium)

KBD

SIMM/72PCI/32 slots

L2 cache

HDFD PC

218

230

Figure 2.12: Layout of a late Baby AT-motherboard

Page 19: 14. Motherboards

2.3. Baby AT (3)

Figure 2.13: Example: A Pentium-based late Baby AT-motherboard

CPU

3x PCI/32

4x SIMM/723x ISA/16

L2

Periph.contr.

FD

IDE

Systemcontr.

PC

Page 20: 14. Motherboards

2.4. LPX (1)

229

FD

PC

HD

L2 cache

I/O connectors

RAM SIMM/72

330Riser card

ISA/16

PCI/32

CPU

Pentium

DIPP

Figure 2.14: Layout of an LPX-motherboard

Page 21: 14. Motherboards

2.4. LPX (2)

Figure 2.15: Example: A Pentium-based LPX-motherboard (The PB680 from Packard Bell)source: http://www.geocities.com/anotherpackardbellsite/en_pb_carte680.htm#1

Page 22: 14. Motherboards

2.5. ATX (1)

Figure 2.16: Layout principles of an ATX case

1 Double-high expandable I/O

Source: ATX Specification v. 2.01,Source: http://www.berkprod.com/docs/atx_201.pdf

Page 23: 14. Motherboards

MIDI/Game port

Line Out Line In Mic In

MIDI/Game port

VGA COM1

USBPS/2 Mouse

PS/2 Keyb.

Figure 2.17: Double height connectors of an ATX motherboard

Source: ABIT SL6 Users’s Manualhttp://www.abit.com.tw

Page 24: 14. Motherboards

2.5. ATX (1)

Figure 2.18: Layout principles of an ATX case

1 Double-high expandable I/O 2 One chassis fan

3 Processor located near power supply

4 One power connector

5 Connectors close to peripheral bays

6 Easy to access system memory

7 Six full-length slots

Source: ATX Specification v. 2.01,Source: http://www.berkprod.com/docs/atx_201.pdf

Page 25: 14. Motherboards

2.5. ATX (2)

Figure 2.19: Placement of the mounting holes on the AT, Baby AT, and ATX motherboards

ATX

Baby AT AT

Source: ATX Specification v. 2.01,Source: http://www.berkprod.com/docs/atx_201.pdf

Page 26: 14. Motherboards

Main types of ATX motherboards

EarlyPCI-based

430

IDE/ATA

Pentium

LatePCI-based

440

AGP

PentiumII/PentiumIII

(slot 1)

Early port-based

81x/82x

PentiumIII

Matureport-based

84x/86x

Serialport-based

915

PCI-E

Pentium4 Pentium4

Example Example Example Example

USB

Chipset

I/O

Processor

2.5. ATX (3)

Typ.Memory

SIMM/72 DIMM/168

Prescott

Page 27: 14. Motherboards

Figure 2.20: Main types of ATX motherboards

92 93 94 95 96 97 98 999190 02 030100 04 05898887868584

12/99

8/95

11/961987

~1985

AT

Baby AT

8/84

1

LPX2

ATX3

NLX4 ATX w/riser5

Late PCIbased

Early portbased

Mature portbased

Serial portbased

2.5. ATX (4)

Page 28: 14. Motherboards

Figure 2.21: Layout of a late PCI-based ATX-motherboard

2.5. ATX (5)

PC

ISA/16

I/O connector

HD

DIMM/168

PCI/32

AGP

FD

PC

305

186

USB

Slot1 (Pentium II/III)

Page 29: 14. Motherboards

Figure 2.22: A late PCI-based motherboard for PentiumIIs (MSI’s MS-6111)

(Based on Intel’s 440LX chipset for slot 1 processors (1997)Source: http://www.msi.com.tw/program/support/download

CPU(Slot1)

4x PCI/32

4x DIMM/168

Peripherialcontr.

FD

IDE

System contr.

PC

BIOS

AGP ATX connectors

Battery

3x ISA/16

2.5. ATX (6)

Page 30: 14. Motherboards

Figure 2.23: Layout of an early port based ATX-motherboard for Pentium III/Pentium4 processors.

PC

ISA/16

I/O connector

HD

DIMM/168

PCI/32

AGP

FD

PC

305

186

USB

CPU(Pentium III)

2.5. ATX (7)

Page 31: 14. Motherboards

Figure 2.24: Early, port based ATX motherboard for Pentium IIIs (Abit’s SL6)

(based on Intel’s 815 chipset) Source: http://www.abit-usa.com/products/mb

5x PCI/32 AGPCNRATX connectors

CPU

MCH

3x DIMM

ICH

FD

IDE

BIOS

Battery

PC

2.5. ATX (8)

Page 32: 14. Motherboards

Fgure 2.25: Mature port-based ATX motherboard for Pentium4 processors (Intel’s D865PERL)

CPU (P4)

4x PCI/32

4x DIMM/168ICH

FD

IDE

MCHPC

BIOS

AGP ATX connectors

Battery

2.5. ATX (9)

Source: http://www.intel.com/products/motherboard/d865perl/index.htm

Page 33: 14. Motherboards

2.5. ATX (10)

Figure 2.26: Layout of a serial-port based ATX-motherboard for Pentium4 Prescott processors.

I/O connector

FD

PCI/32

PCI E. x1

CPU(Pentium 4)

PCSATA

PCI E. x16

HDDIMM/168

305

244

Page 34: 14. Motherboards

PS FDIDE2xIDE

3x PCI/32

2x PCI Ex1

PCI Ex16

4x DIMM

Figure 2.27: Serial port-based ATX-motherboard for Pentium4 Prescotts (MSI’s 915G Combo)4x SATA

P4 Prescott

IHC6/6R

MCH(915P/G)

Bat

IDE RAID c.(VIA 6410)

2x USB

BIOS

Syst. monitoring

2.5. ATX (11)

http://www.pricegrabber.com/search_getprod.php/masterid=3191326

Page 35: 14. Motherboards

2.6. NLX (1)

I/O connectors

SIMM/168

AGP

Slot1 (Pentium II/III)

PCI/32

HD

FD

ISA/16

Riser card

PC

229

330

Figure 2.28: Layout of an NLX-motherboard

Page 36: 14. Motherboards

2.6. NLX (2)

Figure 2.29: View of an NLX-motherboard

Source: Intel Corporation, Intel NLX Form Factorhttp://www.intel.com

Page 37: 14. Motherboards

2.7. BTX (1)

Figure 2.30: Overview of BTX-motherboard sizes

Source: Shimpi A.L., „Balanced Technology eXtended (BTX) Form Factor” Sept. 2003http://www.anandtech.com/

Page 38: 14. Motherboards

2.7. BTX (2)

Figure 2.31: Layout of a micro BTX-motherboard

325

I/O connector

FD

PCI/32

PCI E. x1

CPU(Pentium4)

PC

SATA

PCI E. x16

HD

MCH

ICH

DIPP/168

267

Page 39: 14. Motherboards

2.7. BTX (3)

Figure 2.32: A micro BTX-motherboard (Intel’s D915GMH)CPU

4x DIMM/168

ATX connectors

MCH

ICH

PC

PCI

PCI-X/64

IDE

FD

http://www.intel.com/design/motherbd/mh

Page 40: 14. Motherboards

2.7. BTX (4)

Figure 2.33: Temperature distribution in the example motherboardSource: Shimpi A.L., „Balanced Technology eXtended (BTX) Form Factor” Sept. 2003

http://www.anandtech.com/

Page 41: 14. Motherboards

Figure 3.1: Block diagram of a pserial port-based entry level server motherboard ( P8SCT)

3. Server/workstation motherboards (1)

Source:http://www.supermicro.com/products/motherboard/P4/E7221/P8SCT.cfm

Page 42: 14. Motherboards

Figure 3.2: Example: A P4-based ATX-board for entry-level servers (The P8SCT from Supermicro)

3. Server/workstation motherboards (2)

Source:http://www.supermicro.com/products/motherboard/P4/E7221/P8SCT.cfm

4x DIMMATX connectors

ICH

CPU

IDE

MCHE7221

PCI

PCI-X64bit

IDE

2x GbE

IPMI

Page 43: 14. Motherboards

IPMI: Intelligent Platform Management Interface

• Set of common hardware and firmware interfaces to manage the system remotely

• Operates independently of the OS

• Operates even in the absence of the OS or if the monitored system is not powered on

• Alerts can be sent out via a serial or LAN connection to a remote client (from v. 1.5 on)

• It allows to query platform status, to review hardware logs, etc.

IPMI consists of a main controller, called BMC (Baseboard Management Controller) and other satellite controllers.

(Intel, HP, DELL, NEC)

3. Server/workstation motherboards (3)

Page 44: 14. Motherboards

BaseboardBaseboard System Bus

BaseboardBaseboardMgmt.Mgmt.

ControllerController(BMC)(BMC)I2C/SMBus

SDR, SDR, SEL, SEL, FRUFRU

NV Store

ChassisChassis

sensors& controlcircuitry

FRU SEEPROMFRU SEEPROM

SatelliteSatelliteMgmt.Mgmt.

ControllerController

System InterfaceSystem Interface

SENSORs& controlcircuitry

I2 C /

SM

Bu

s

SMBus/PCI Mgmt. BusMgmtMgmtNetwkNetwkCtrlrCtrlr

LAN

PCI

RS-232

MODEM/ Serial

“side-band”

IPMB (I2C)

Aux. IPMB

BridgeBridgeControllerController

ICMBRemoteMgmt. Card

IPMI Messages

3. Server/workstation motherboards (4)

Figure 3.2: IPMI ArchitectureSource:http://www.intel.com/design/servers/ipmi

Page 45: 14. Motherboards

Source: http://www.intel.com/products/server/motherboard

3. Server/workstation motherboards (5)

Figure 3.3:Blockdiagram of a serial port based DP-server (Intel’s SE7525GP2)

Page 46: 14. Motherboards

Figure 3.4: Serial port based DP-server board of ATX style (Intel’s SE7525GP2) Source: http://www.intel.com/products/server/motherboard

3. Server/workstation motherboards (6)

ATX connectors

MCH(I7525)

PCI-X 64-bit

RegisteredECC DDR

PCI Expr. x8

PCI

HW management

PRO/1000 serveradapter

IDE

DualProcessor

ICH

PCI Expr. x16

Page 47: 14. Motherboards

4. Overview of the evolution of motherboards (1)

Figure 4.1: Evolution of the implementation of I/O controllers

On an ISA/PCI adapter card

By dedicated controller chips on the motherboard

1

2

Examples:

VGA controller

IDE/ATA controller

By the chipsetOn-board 2On card 1

Page 48: 14. Motherboards

4. Overview of the evolution of motherboards (2)

Figure 4.2: Estimated use of form factors in announced motherboards

92 93 94 95 96 97 98 999190 02 030100 04 05898887868584

ˇ~2004

~1998

~1996

~1997

8/84

83828180

~1985

~1987

LPX

AT

Baby AT

NLX

ATX

microATX

BTX

microBTX

picoBTX

Form factors ofannounced

motherboards

~2000

ATX w/riser

79

Page 49: 14. Motherboards

4. Overview of the evolution of motherboards (3)

92 93 94 95 96 97 98 999190 02 030100 04 05898887868584

ˇ~2004

~1998

~1996

~1997

8/84

83828180

~1985

~1987

LPX

AT

Baby AT

NLX

ATX

microATX

BTX

microBTX

picoBTX

286

386

486

Pentium

Pentium Pro

Pentium II

Pentium III

Pentium 4

Processors usedin the motherboards

Formfactors ofannounced

motherboards

~2000

ATX w/riser

8088

79

6/79

2/82

10/85

4/89

3/93

11/95

5/97

3/99

11/00

Figure 4.3: Estimated use of supported processor types in announced motherboards

Page 50: 14. Motherboards

4. Overview of the evolution of motherboards (4)

DRAM

FPM

EDO

SDRAM

RDRAM

DIPP

SIPP/30

SIMM/30

SIMM/72

DIMM/168

~1996

1981

2000

~1987

1995

1995

~1989

~1984

~1983

1981

DRAM technologyand packaging

92 93 94 95 96 97 98 999190 02 030100 04 058988878685848382818079

ˇ~2004

~1998

~1996

~1997

8/84

~1985

~1987

LPX

AT

Baby AT

NLX

ATX

microATX

BTX

microBTX

picoBTX

Formfactors ofannounced

motherboards

~2000

ATX w/riser

Figure 4.4: Estimated use of DRAM technology and packaging style in announced motherboards

Page 51: 14. Motherboards

4. Overview of the evolution of motherboards (5)

ISA

PCI

PCI-X

PCI-E

USB

LPC

AGP

ATA

SATA

MbE

2004

1981

1996

1992

2000

1991?

2003

1995

~1991

1997Supported I/O

92 93 94 95 96 97 98 999190 02 030100 04 058988878685848382818079

ˇ~2004

~1998

~1996

~1997

8/84

~1985

~1987

LPX

AT

Baby AT

NLX

ATX

microATX

BTX

microBTX

picoBTX

Formfactors ofannounced

motherboards

~2000

ATX w/riser

GbE

AC/97

2002

SCSI1997

2002

1999

1984

8 16

1993 1995 1998 2002

v2.0 v2.1 v2.2 v2.3

2004

1.0 2.0

20021999

2x 4x 8x

1997 20001999

ATA-2 ATA/33 ATA/66 ATA/100

1.0

20012000

Implemented on-board

Implemented on-chipset

1991?

Figure 4.5: Estimated I/O-support in announced motherboards