1.4 presenting scientific data - st. francis …...3 1.4 presenting scientific data sometimes the...
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1.4 Presenting Scientific Data
Scientific data becomemeaningful only whenthey are organized andcommunicated.Communication includesvisual presentations, suchas this graph.
Is this data easy to drawconclusions from?
1.4 Presenting Scientific Data
How do scientists organize data?
Organizing Data
Scientists can organize their data by using datatables and graphs.
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1.4 Presenting Scientific Data
Data TablesThis table relates two variables—a manipulatedvariable (location) and a responding variable(average annual precipitation).
Organizing Data
1.4 Presenting Scientific Data
Line GraphsA line graph is useful for showing changesthat occur in related variables.
• In a line graph, the manipulated variableis generally plotted on the horizontal axis,or x-axis.
• The responding variable is plotted on thevertical axis, or y-axis, of the graph.
Organizing Data
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1.4 Presenting Scientific Data
Sometimes the data points in a graph yield astraight line.
• The steepness, or slope, of this line is the ratioof a vertical change to the correspondinghorizontal change.
• The formula for the slope of the line is
Organizing Data
1.4 Presenting Scientific Data
Plotting the mass of water against thevolume of water yields a straight line.
Organizing Data
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1.4 Presenting Scientific Data
A direct proportion is a relationship in which theratio of two variables is constant. The relationshipbetween the mass and the volume of water is anexample of a direct proportion.
• A 3-cubic-centimeter sample of water has a mass of 3 grams.• A 6-cubic-centimeter sample of water has a mass of 6 grams.• A 9-cubic-centimeter sample of water has a mass of 9 grams.
Organizing Data
1.4 Presenting Scientific Data
This graph shows how the flow rate of awater faucet affects the time required tofill a 1-gallon pot.
Organizing Data
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1.4 Presenting Scientific Data
An inverse proportion is a relationship in whichthe product of two variables is a constant.
• A flow rate of 0.5 gallon per minute will fill the pot in 2 minutes.• A flow rate of 1 gallon per minute will fill the pot in 1 minute.• A flow rate of 2 gallons per minute will fill the pot in 0.5 minute.
Organizing Data
1.4 Presenting Scientific Data
The table shows the data transfer rates formodems used in home computers. Data transferrates are often measured in kilobits per second, orkbps. The time required to upload a 1-megabyte(MB) file is given for each rate listed.
Organizing Data
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1.4 Presenting Scientific Data
1. Using Graphs Use the data inthe table to create a line graph.Describe the relationshipbetween data transfer rate andupload time.
Organizing Data
1.4 Presenting Scientific Data
2. Inferring Howwould doublingthe data transferrate affect theupload time?
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1.4 Presenting Scientific Data
2. Inferring How would doubling the datatransfer rate affect the upload time?
Answer: Doubling the data transfer ratewould halve the upload time.
Organizing Data
1.4 Presenting Scientific Data
Bar GraphsA bar graph is often used to compare a set ofmeasurements, amounts, or changes.
Organizing Data
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1.4 Presenting Scientific Data
Circle GraphsIf you think of a pie cut into pieces, you have a mentalmodel of a circle graph. A circle graph shows how apart or share of something relates to the whole.
Organizing Data
1.4 Presenting Scientific Data
How can scientists communicateexperimental data?
Communicating Data
Scientists can communicate results bywriting in scientific journals or speakingat conferences.
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1.4 Presenting Scientific Data
Scientists also exchange information throughconversations, e-mails, and Web sites. Youngscientists often present their research atscience fairs, which we call poster sessions.
Communicating Data
1.4 Presenting Scientific Data
Peer review is a process in which scientistsexamine other scientists’ work.
• Peer review encourages comments,suggestions, questions, and criticism fromother scientists.
• Based on their peers’ responses, thescientists who submitted their work forreview can then reevaluate how to bestinterpret their data.
Communicating Data
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1.4 Presenting Scientific Data
Assessment Questions
1. Which type of graph is most useful for showinghow part of something relates to the whole?a. barb. circlec. columnd. line
1.4 Presenting Scientific Data
Assessment Questions
1. Which type of graph is most useful for showinghow part of something relates to the whole?a. barb. circlec. columnd. line
ANS: B
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1.4 Presenting Scientific Data
Assessment Questions
2. How does a line graph generally show the relationshipbetween the manipulated variable and the respondingvariable?
a. The manipulated variable is plotted on the x-axis, and theresponding variable is plotted on the y-axis.
b. The responding variable is plotted on the x-axis, and themanipulated variable is plotted on the y-axis.
c. The manipulated variable is plotted on the graph, and theresponding variable is shown by the slope.
d. The responding variable is plotted on the graph, and themanipulated variable is shown by the slope.
1.4 Presenting Scientific Data
Assessment Questions
2. How does a line graph generally show the relationshipbetween the manipulated variable and the respondingvariable?
a. The manipulated variable is plotted on the x-axis, and theresponding variable is plotted on the y-axis.
b. The responding variable is plotted on the x-axis, and themanipulated variable is plotted on the y-axis.
c. The manipulated variable is plotted on the graph, and theresponding variable is shown by the slope.
d. The responding variable is plotted on the graph, and themanipulated variable is shown by the slope.
ANS: A
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1.4 Presenting Scientific Data
Assessment Questions
3. How do scientists communicate the results ofscientific investigations?a. by writing in scientific journals or speaking at
conferencesb. using secret codec. only through e-maild. by writing in literary journals
1.4 Presenting Scientific Data
Assessment Questions
3. How do scientists communicate the results ofscientific investigations?a. by writing in scientific journals or speaking at
conferencesb. using secret codec. only through e-maild. by writing in literary journals
ANS: A
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1.4 Presenting Scientific Data
Assessment Questions
4. Why is peer review an important part of thescientific process?a. Peer review makes sure that the correct researcher
gets credit for discoveries.b. Peer review helps identify errors or bias in research.c. Peer review is the system used to report information to
other scientists.d. Peer review helps other scientists form theories about a
discovery.
1.4 Presenting Scientific Data
Assessment Questions
4. Why is peer review an important part of thescientific process?a. Peer review makes sure that the correct researcher
gets credit for discoveries.b. Peer review helps identify errors or bias in research.c. Peer review is the system used to report information to
other scientists.d. Peer review helps other scientists form theories about a
discovery.
ANS: B