14 safety culture
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Safety Management System
Safety Culture
Presented by:
Jari NISULAMgr, Airline Safety Mgt Systems
ICAO / IAC
Pro ject RER 01/901
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SMS 2007 Page 2
Safety Culture
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SMS 2007 Page 3
Contents
What is Organizational Culture?
What is SafetyCulture?
Why is good Safety Culture so important?
How to build and maintain a good SafetyCulture?
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What is Organizational Culture?
Ingredients of Organizational Culture:!Beliefs, values, and assumptions of founders
!Accumulated shared learning from shared history.
!New beliefs, values, and assumptions brought by newmembers (everybody brings in his own baggage)
Corporate cultures are unique to their organizations andcan vary significantly even in identical cultural
surroundings
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What is Organizational Culture: practical examples
Go-around culture: real pilots do not make go-arounds? Power gradient in the cockpit: can the copilot challenge the
captain?
Are problems reported? Reaction to problems: Suppression? Limited corrections?
Renewal?
Blame culture focusing on blaming individuals?Adherence to rules and agreed practices, e.g. SoPs What is respected more: hierarchical position or knowledge? Documentation culture: do real goodmechanics need
documentation? Meeting culture: timeliness, talking/listening, decisions, Trust and cooperation with other departments
Overall can do approach? Overall cautious approach?
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The Challenge
Resistance to change:
!Organizational culture is extremely difficult and time-taking to
change
!Even with a strong push, may take 10 years Sub-cultures:!There may be local sub-cultures, sometimes in conflict with the
overall corporate culture
Managements role:!Management has an important role in keeping alive an existing
culture, or trying to change it
!Even the management cannot change the culture easily
!Culture reflects management act ions, more than words
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Contents
What is Organizational Culture?
What is SafetyCulture?
Why is good Safety Culture so important?
How to build and maintain a good SafetyCulture?
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What is Safety Culture?
All aspects of the organizational culture which:
! influence how safety is valued in the organization
! influence the organizations capability to functionsafely
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Safety Culture
NationalCulture
OrganisationalCulture
ProfessionalCulture
Safety
Culture
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What is Safety Culture?
You cant no thave a safety
culture.
Usto Schulz
*Usto Schulz is Vice President of safety (retired) of JetBlue
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What is a goodSafety Culture?
An informed culture! People understand the hazards and risks involved in their
own operation
! Staff work continuously to identify and overcome threats tosafety and Communicate!
A just culture! Errors must be understood but reckless violations cannot be
tolerated
! The workforce knows and agrees on what is acceptable and
unacceptable
Source: Transport Canada
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What is a goodSafety Culture?
A reporting culture! People are encouraged to voice safety concerns
! When safety concerns are reported they are analyzed and
appropriate action is taken
A learning culture! People are encouraged to develop and apply their own skills
and knowledge to enhance organizational safety
! Staff are updated on safety issues by management
! Safety reports are fed back to staff so that everyone learns
the lessons
A wary culture! Expecting the unexpected Sources: Transport
Canada & P.Hudson
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Reporting culture / Learning culture
The response to safety concerns, findings andrecommendations:
!Denial! suppression or encapsulation
!Repair actions! local repairs & public relations
!Reform actions! dissemination & global reforms
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SMS 2007 Page 14
Contents
What is Organizational Culture?
What is SafetyCulture?
Why is good Safety Culture so important?
How to build and maintain a good SafetyCulture?
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Why is good Safety Culture so important?
Being safe is an organizat ionalachievement!
The highest levels of safety cannot be achieved if the
Safety Culture is poor
D k h S f C l i lik ?
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Do you know what your Safety Culture is like?
Average Airways
?
?
C t t
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Contents
What is Organizational Culture?
What is SafetyCulture?
Why is good Safety Culture so important?
How to build and maintain a good SafetyCulture?
H t b ild d i t i d S f t C lt ?
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How to build and maintain a good Safety Culture?
Your safety culture is defined by the collectiveexperiences and expectations of your crewmembers, in the
same way that your brand is defined by the collective
experiences and expectations of your customers. Programs, policies, and technology may get you started,
but they cannot sustain an effective safety culture.
Steve Predmore, JetBlue
Safety Culture is more an outcomethan something that
you could implement directly Many other components of SMS are pre-requisitesfor a
good Safety Culture
H t b ild d i t i d S f t C lt ?
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How to build and maintain a good Safety Culture?
True and consistent Top Management commitment is apre-requisite
Engineer the elements of a good Safety Culture:
!An informed culture
!A just culture
!A reporting culture
!A learning & wary culture
Non-reprisal policies, correctly
Implemented reporting systems
Well defined and consistently
Implemented policy
Effective Safety Management
System, open communication
Effective SMS, open mindset
Ho to b ild and maintain a good Safet C lt re?
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But the machine is more than a sum of its parts!
How to build and maintain a good Safety Culture?
Non-reprisal policies, correctly
Implemented reporting systems
Well defined and consistently
Implemented policy
Effective Safety Management
System, open communication
Effective SMS, open mindset
Flexibility
Face-to-facecommunication
Policies,procedures
Showinggoodexample
Innova
tive,dedica
tedpeople
Training
Chronicunease
How to build and maintain a good Safety Culture?
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How to build and maintain a good Safety Culture?
Putting in place the framework, i.e. reporting andcommunication channels, policies, etc (not so difficult)
Management respecting the principles themselves, showinggood example and will to improve the S.C (not so easy)
Achieving overall high responsiveness to safety matters(challenging)
People changing their habits, and having high level of trust(not easy)
Polling your Safety Culture
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Polling your Safety Culture
Dilemma:!Safety Culture may be difficult to change
!Safety Culture is relatively easy to measure through simple
(confidential) surveys / questionnaires
It is recommended to run such surveys regularly and use
the results to guide the future safety work
Evolving Safety Culture
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Evolving Safety Culture
GENERATIVEGENERATIVESafety is how we doSafety is how we do
business around herebusiness around here
PROACTIVEWe work on the
problems that we find
CALCULATIVEWe have systems in place
to manage hazards
REACTIVESafety is important when we
have an accident
PATHOLOGICALWho cares as long as werenot caught
INCREASINGLY
INFORMED
INCREASING
TRUST
Substandard even undernormal conditions
Adequate undernormal conditions
using by-the-bookmethods, often failunder unforeseen
circumstances
Beyondexpectations,
unconventionalways to furtherthe safety goals
Contents
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Contents
What is Organizational Culture?
What is SafetyCulture?
Why is good Safety Culture so important?
How to build and maintain a good SafetyCulture?
Conclusions
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Conclusions
Safety Culture is the cream on your safety cake
Building/maintaining/improving a good Safety Culture is
challenging
Safety Culture can be polled regularly to guide its evolution